Brief Information about the Canterbury Settlement

First published by Society of Canterbury Colonists in 1850

Digitised and made available online by the University of Auckland Libraries and Learning Services and Auckland War Memorial Museum.

Epub © 2015 Early New Zealand Books Collection

ISBN 978-0-947487-10-2

[Text]

BRIEF INFORMATION
ABOUT THE
CANTERBURY SETTLEMENT;

WITH SOME ACCOUNT OF THE SOURCES FROM WHICH FULL INFORMATION MAY BE DERIVED.

Published for the Society of Canterbury Colonists, by J. W. PARKER, West Strand.
PRICE
ONE PENNY.
Or by Post, in return for two Postage Stamps.

THE founders of the colony, not being emigrants, are the CANTERBURY ASSOCIATION. This body was incorporated by Royal Charter in November, 1849. It is not a joint-stock company; nor have its members any pecuniary interest in the undertaking. Their object, as set forth in the Charter, is 'founding the settlement of Canterbury in New Zealand.' Here follows a list of the members and officers. The names of those forming the Committee of Management, are distinguished by an asterisk. Lord Lyttelton is the chairman.

THE ARCHBISHOP OF CANTERBURY. President.

THE ARCHBISHOP OF DUBLIN.
THE DUKE OF BUCCLEUCH, K. G.
THE MARQUIS OF CHOLMONDELEY.
THE EARL OF ELLESMERE.
THE EARL OF HAREWOOD.
THE EARL OF LINCOLN, M.P.
EARL NELSON.
VISCOUNT MANDEVILLE, M.P.
THE BISHOP OF LONDON.
THE BISHOP OF WINCHESTER.
THE BISHOP OF EXETER.
THE BISHOP OF RIPON.
THE BISHOP OF ST. DAVID'S.
THE BISHOP OF OXFORD.
*THE BISHOP OF NORWICH.
VISCOUNT ALFORD, M.P.
LORD ASHBURTON.
LORD WODEHOUSE.
*LORD LYTTELTON.
LORD ASHLEY. M.P.
*LORD BROOKE, M.P.
*LORD COURTENAY.
LORD A. HERVEY, M.P.
LORD J. MANNERS, M.P.
*SIR WALTER FARQUHAR, BART.
SIR W. HEATHCOTE, BART., M.P
*SIR W. JAMES, BART.
SIR WILLOUGHBY JONES, BART.
RIGHT HON. H. GOULBURN, M.P
RT. HON. SIDNEY HERBERT, M.P
HON. SIR EDWARD CUST, K.C.H.
THE DEAN OF CANTERBURY.
*C. B. ADDERLEY, ESQ., M.P.
LIEUT.-COLONEL ARCHER.
*HON. FRANCIS BARING, M.P.
W. H. POLE CAREW, ESQ., M.P.
*HON. R. CAVENDISH.
*HON. F. CHARTERIS, M.P.
*THOS. SOMERS COCKS, ESQ., M.P.
*REV. E. COLERIDGE.
W. FORSYTH, ESQ.
*REV. G. R. GLEIG.
*EDMUND HALSWELL, ESQ.
VEN. ARCHDEACON HARE.
*REV. E. HAWKINS.
REV. DR. HOOK.
E. HULSE, ESQ.
*JOHN HUTT, ESQ.
*SAMUEL LUCAS, ESQ.
REV. H. W. MADDOCK.
*F. A. M'GEACHY, ESQ.
*G. K. RICKARDS, ESQ.
*H. SEWELL, ESQ.
*J. SIMEON, ESQ., M.P.
CAPTAIN SIMEON.
A. STAFFORD, ESQ., M.P.
HON. J. TALBOT.
REV. C. M. TORLESSE.
REV. R. C. TRENCH.
W. S. W. VAUX, ESQ.
*REV. NUGENT WADE.
F. R. WEST, ESQ., M.P.
VEN. ARCHDEACON WILBERFORCE.
*CHARLES G. WYNNE, ESQ.
*THE REV. CECIL WYNTER.

Resident Chief Agent in the Settlement – JOHN ROBERT GODLEY, Esq.
Standing Counsel – W. FORSYTH, Esq. Solicitor-J. J. MABERLEY, Esq.
Secretary – H. F. ALSTON, Esq. Bankers – Messrs. COCKS & BIDDULPH, Charing Cross.
Office of the Association – 9, ADELPHI TERRACE, STRAND, LONDON.
Shipping Office – 16 1/2, BILLITER STREET, CITY.

THE TERRITORY.

THE site of the settlement is a territory on the east coast of the Middle Island of New Zealand, containing about 2,500,000 acres in one block, consisting mainly of three grassy plains or prairies, named Sumner, Whately, and Wilberforce, and intersected by several rivers, with their numerous tributaries, running to the sea from an Alpine chain of snow-capped mountains. All along the spurs and foot of this range, the forest, of which the plains seem to have been stripped by fire, extends in primeval grandeur. Near the middle of the coast line, Banks' Peninsula, which comprises about 250,000 acres of mountain land, the greater part of it being still covered by the forest, contains two lake-like harbours, with several smaller ones. The capital of the Settlement is Lyttelton in Victoria Harbour (formerly Port Cooper). The latitude of this place is 43° 35' south, which, as respects temperature, corresponds with about 47° in the northern hemisphere, being that of the most pleasant spots in the south of France. The climate exactly resembles that of Tasmania, being chiefly remarkable for warmth without sultriness, freshness without cold, and a clear brightness without aridity. Both the grape, for which England is too cold, and the gooseberry, for which the South of Italy is too hot, come to high perfection. In consequence of the scale of the natural features of the country, the scenery is very beautiful, and in some places magnificent. The fertility of the soil has been abundantly proved by the

experience of successful squatters. The prairie character of the main part of the territory, together with the dryness of the atmosphere and the mildness of the winter, indicates that the most suitable occupation for capitalists will be pastoral husbandry – the breeding of cattle, horses, and sheep; but the absence of timber, the absence of drought, and the natural richness which produces grass in abundance without man's labour, explain why the arable lands of the squatters have yielded large returns, and show that the plough and the flail will be plied successfully by those who may prefer tilling the earth to the management of livestock. Drought is unknown. As respects flowers, kitchen vegetables, and all the English fruits, with the addition of melons and grapes, the gardens of the French settlers at Akaroa, and of the squatters on Sumner Plain, are described as teeming with produce of the finest quality and most beautiful appearance. Sea fish is abundant, various, and of excellent quality. The only wild quadruped is swine: they are numerous, are very good to eat, and afford plenty of hard sport. The plains abound with quail and a variety of wild-fowl. There are no snakes, wild dogs, or other indigenous vermin.

Two leading facts, with regard to the country now forming the Canterbury Settlement, may be properly mentioned here.

The plan of the colony was formed before the site was chosen; and the framers of the plan, in choosing a site, were influenced by no predilection for New Zealand, or for any part of that country, but were solely guided by the wish to obtain that unoccupied place in the Colonial Empire of Britain, which seemed most fully to combine the most favourable natural circumstances.

For particulars relating to the physical geography of the Settlement, the reader is referred to The Canterbury Papers, No. I., p. 22, et seq., and No. VII., p. 185. No. I. of The Canterbury Papers contains a small map of the Settlement; and a large one may be seen at the Colonists' Rooms, No. 9, Adelphi Terrace, London. Mr. Godley, in describing the aspect of the country, says: 'From the top of the hill, there is a perfect view of the whole district intended for our Settlement; and I was struck by the accuracy with which its reality corresponded with the idea conveyed by the map: in fact, you have it before you, in the office at Charing Cross, almost as vividly as on the spot.' The Hand-Book for New Zealand, published by Mr. Parker, West Strand, price 6s., a careful and trustworthy compilation, contains nearly 500 pages of matter relating to New Zealand in general, and very full particulars about the soil, climate, and natural features of the Islands.

THE PLAN OF COLONIZATION

IS a matter of the deepest importance to intending settlers of every rank, but especially to those of the gentry class, who are more apt to be disappointed as emigrants than either labourers or mere capitalists. In this instance, a principal aim of the Founders has been to make their settlement differ from others, in being, more fully than in any previous case, an extension of England with regard to the more refined attributes of civilization. When there is an emigration of the higher and richer classes to any colony, there is sure to be one of the labouring and smaller capitalist classes; because the latter know, or may be said to feel, that those who have been favoured at home as respects property, education, and social position, will not emigrate at all unless they are attracted to the colony by a reasonable certainty of doing well there. If a gentleman's family of some property and high character, is about to emigrate from any English county, there are sure to be farmers and tradespeople, mechanics and peasants, in the same neighbourhood, disposed to emigrate also, and to settle in the same colony: because the mere fact of the emigration of these favourites of fortune, is apt to destroy amongst their less favoured neighbours the common prejudice against emigration, whilst the latter are ready to believe, almost without inquiry, that a colony which attracts people in comfortable circumstances must necessarily be both agreeable and prosperous. And this feeling is reasonable: for there can be no doubt that those who emigrate to become colonists without being forced away by the pressure of adversity, have first taken great pains to learn whether or not their colonial career is likely to be happy. They are safe guides to the other classes, and therefore attractive guides. And besides, if those go who possess the means of indulging their ambition to found a colonial family of importance, and to take part in the founding of a nation, the wealth which they carry with them is a sure attraction to those whose sole wish is to make money by speculation, trade, or labour.

The Founders of the Canterbury Settlement, accordingly, in framing their plan, had an especial view to the feelings and habits of thought which prevail among the higher classes of this country; and their endeavour has been to render emigration, as respects those classes, little more disturbing

to the emigrant than 'if he had merely shifted his residence from Sussex to Cumberland or Devonshire – little more than a change of natural scenery.' 1

Nor did they confine themselves to planning with a view to the satisfaction of one sex only, as seems to have been often the case with the founders of colonies. Deeply conscious of the importance and beneficial influence of women in civilized life, and of the repugnance naturally felt by English ladies to the state of society that prevails in the 'bush' and 'backwoods' of New countries, the Canterbury Association has laboured to make its colony a suitable home for wives and mothers of the English gentry. That aim has been systematically pursued. We have now to describe the means employed to accomplish it and the other objects in view.

In order to render the state of society in the colony similar to that which exists at home (except of course as regards the evil of competition amongst the members of every class, in which respect the colony cannot too much differ from the mother-country), it has been deemed sufficient to guard against the occurence of four common drawbacks to colonial life. The first is the appropriation of more waste land than can be occupied, and the consequent dispersion of the settlers over a wide space of ground, whereby the productive powers of industry are weakened, and social intercourse is impeded. The second is that want in colonies, which most renders them unsuitable abodes for emigrants of the higher classes; namely, the want of labourers for hire and domestic servants. The third is the want of a systematic, organized preparation of the wilderness for occupation by settlers. And the fourth, a circumstance very repulsive to heads of families, and especially to thoughtful mothers, is the want of religious provisions, and of the means of school and college training similar to those which exist in England. In the Canterbury Settlement, moderation in the appropriation of land will be enforced by the prime cost of all land, which is the fixed uniform price of 3l. per acre. It is believed that one effect of this price will be to occasion such a proportion between the number of inhabitants and the quantity of appropriated land, as to secure the occupation and use of all the land when it becomes private property.

If so, no part of the waste will be treated as the hay was by the dog in the manger; and the colonists will not be mischievously scattered. But in order that the price of freehold land may not operate as a restriction on the use of those extensive natural pastures, from which the wealth of the Settlement must for a long while be mainly derived, it has been provided that every buyer of land, amongst the purchasers of the first 100,000 acres, shall be entitled to occupy pastoral runs, for an almost nominal rent, at the rate of five acres of pasture for one of freehold. One-sixth of the purchase-money, or 10s. per acre, is paid to the Government for public purposes. Another sixth, which, when the whole plan shall be carried out, will amount to 1,250,000l, is to be expended in surveying, road-making, and the general administration of the plan. A third, or 1l. per acre, being 2,500,000l. in the whole, is to be an Emigration Fund, devoted to the purpose of paying for the passage of the land-buyers with their families, their servants, and other persons of the labouring class. And the remaining third is exclusively appropriated to religious and educational objects, such as churches and common schools, a parochial clergy, a bishopric, a school of the highest class, and a college fit to supply New Zealand, and the other colonies of England in the South Pacific, with a local Cambridge or Oxford.

It is very remarkable that just at the time when opinion in the mother-country agitates the questions of secular apart from religious education, and of teaching several religious creeds in the same school or college, and when the idea of generalizing religion by fusing several different views of things spiritual into one lax and comprehensive creed, is beginning to take a practical form in this country, the charter of the Canterbury Association has marked out a distant spot in the British empire, where the experiment may be tried of fostering religious unity and peace, by means of enabling persons of one faith to emigrate and settle by themselves, as was done long ago by the Quaker founders of Pennsylvania, the Roman Catholics of Maryland, and the Pilgrim Fathers of New England. The Canterbury Association consists entirely of members of the Church of England; and the faith which their charter designates as the one to be taught in the Settlement by means of a religious and educational endowment, is that of 'the Church of England as by law established.' The charter is printed in full at page 57 of The Canterbury Papers.

With a view to the prosperity of the first settlers in a waste country, there is perhaps nothing more important than the mode of proceeding by which waste land is distributed to the purchasers. At the Canterbury Settlement, by means of a novel plan of survey and selection, the purchasers will be as free as possible to choose for themselves. Indeed, they will have an absolute freedom of choice over the whole Settlement, subject to certain conditions, of which the sole object is to prevent any one

from choosing so as to interfere with the free choice of others. These conditions are set forth in the printed Terms of Purchase, which may be obtained at the Adelphi; and a very full account of the plan of survey and selection will be found in a little work entitled Colonial Surveying with a view to the Disposal of Waste Land, which is published by Mr. Parker, price 3s.

The purchasers of the first 100,000 acres obtain a pre-emptive or preferable right to buy the freehold of the whole, or any part, of the pasture runs obtained by them in virtue of their freehold purchases.

Whatever may be the amount of purchase-money paid by a buyer of land, he is entitled, subject to the rules of the Association, to a draw-back of one-third, in the shape of cabin passage for himself and family, or his nominees, to the extent of 10s. per acre, and of steerage passage for his servants or other emigrants of the Labouring class nominated by him, to the extent of the other 10s. per acre. Thus, for example, a purchaser to the amount of 1,500l. obtains 500 acres of freehold, 2,500 acres of pasture, with pre-emptive right of purchase in the same, 250l. worth of cabin passage for himself or his nominees, and 250l. worth of nomination for labouring emigrants. Here follow tables of the cost of the steerage and two classes of cabin passage, and of the dietary for each class, together with some other items of information relating to the passage. The ships are chartered, fitted, and provisioned by the Association: they are always of the first class, and commanded by experienced officers; and each of them takes out an elementary schoolmaster, a physician or surgeon, and a clergyman. In selecting these, a preference is given to heads of families intending to settle in the colony.

RATES OF PASSAGE, PROVISIONS INCLUDED.

RATES OF PASSAGE, PROVISIONS INCLUDED.

A separate Agreement must be entered into with respect to Stern and Poop Cabins, as an extra charge will be made.

Steerage Cabins will be provided for Married Couples paying in full for their own Passage in the Steerage, on payment of £2 extra for each adult, and children in proportion; but this does not apply to assisted passages.

One-half of the Passage-Money to be paid on securing the Passage, and the remainder three days previous to embarkation; if the Person do not proceed in the Ship the amount first mentioned becomes forfeited.

Freight is allowed free of charge, in the proportion of Half a Ton, or Twenty Cubic Feet, to each Adult. Passenger, for Baggage only; and Extra Freight at the rate of 45s. per Ton Measurement; 25s. per Ton Dead-Weight; and Special Articles as may be agreed on. But early notice must be given in writing to the Shipping Office of the Association of any Extra Freight required.

The Association appoints an Experienced Surgeon, and provides Medicine and Medical Comforts.

WEEKLY DIETARY.

WEEKLY DIETARY.

One Sheep, one Pig, and a dozen head of Poultry, will be put on board, in addition to the above, for each Adult Chief-Cabin Passenger, together with an assortment of Spices, Curry Powder, Salad Oil, Herbs and Celery Seed, Sauces, Preserved Fruits, Tamarinds, Apples when in Season, Macaroni, and Dried Yeast for making Bread.

A Milch Cow is put on board for the use of the Chief Cabin, and of such Invalids as the Surgeon may direct, and a limited quantity of eggs for the use of passengers of all classes.

Children of all classes, above the age of one year, receive each one-half of the Rations of an Adult; but those of one year old and under 7 receive each 1 Pint per week of Preserved Milk extra, and either 4 ounces of Rice, or 3 ounces of Sago in lieu of Salt Meat, at the discretion of the Surgeon, three times a-week. Infants under one year old do not receive any Rations; but the Surgeon is empowered to direct an Allowance of Water, Flour, and Sago, for their use, to be issued to their Mothers.

The several Articles of Diet are varied from time to time, under the direction of the Surgeon, so as to promote the health and comfort of the Passengers, especially of Children. Every Article is of the best quality, and examined by the Inspector before shipment.

The Commander of the Vessel is allowed to supply to the Chief and Fore-Cabin Passengers, moderate quantities of Port and Sherry Wine at 3s. per Bottle, and of Ale and Porter at l0d. per Bottle; but no Spirituous Liquors are permitted to be sold on board, except under the direction of the Surgeon.

PROGRESS TO NOVEMBER, 1850.

The preliminary expedition of surveyors reached the colony in the spring of 1849, under the direction of Captain Thomas, whose reports as to the progress of the surveys, and other preparations for the arrival of the first body of colonists, have been highly satisfactory.

The chief local agent of the Association reached the colony on the 11th of April, 1850. His despatch and private journal, giving an account of his first impressions, and of the state of the embryo town of Lyttelton, and other works, will be found at page 185 of The Canterbury Papers.

The first expedition of colonists, 800 in number, sailed from Plymouth on the 7th September, in the ships Randolph, Sir George Seymour, Cressy, and Charlotte Jane, which have been succeeded by the Castle Eden and Isabella Hercus, each of them carrying about 200 passengers; so that the whole number of colonists who have sailed, is just 1,200. Of these, 307 were cabin passengers; a much larger proportion, it is believed, of that class, than ever occurred before in the same number of emigrant ships proceeding at the same time to the same colony, and one, therefore, which shows that the desire of the Association to render their Settlement attractive to the richer order of colonists, has thus far been fully realized. Other vessels are now preparing for sea, and will be continually succeeded by ships of the same class, and dispatched in the same manner.

In consequence of the favourable nature of the voyage to New Zealand, the whole of which is an ocean voyage out of the high stormy latitudes, there is no 'season' for the departure of passenger ships, but all times of the year serve equally well, unless with the view of a good start from England (the worst part of the voyage), winter should be preferred on account of the northerly and easterly winds which then prevail, and which often carry a ship in ten days from the Thames to the gentle breezes and mild temperature of the North-East Trades. The equability of the weather in New Zealand throughout the year makes the time of arrival in that country a matter of indifference.

The fund for the endowment of a bishopric has been raised and duly invested; and the future bishop has been designated by the proper authorities and has accompanied the first colonists, taking with him five clergymen; but in consequence of a technical difficulty, produced by certain words in the Letters Patent for constituting the present diocese of New Zealand, his consecration is unavoidably postponed until his return to England, which may be expected at the close of next summer.

Many particulars relating to precautions taken for the reception and comfortable establishment of the first settlers by the officers of the Association, will be found in a despatch from that body to their chief Local Agent, which is printed at page 197 of The Canterbury Papiers.

The quantity of land already sold is 14,000 acres; and the quantity of pasturage let with a pre-emptive right of purchase is 70,000 acres.

Amongst those whose names appear in the following list as purchasers of land, the number of absentee proprietors is quite insignificant. With the exception of not more, probably, than half a dozen persons, all the present owners of land either have emigrated, or are preparing to emigrate, or have purchased with the view of having the land occupied by some relative, or friend, or dependent, who either has emigrated or is preparing to emigrate. This favourable peculiarity of the Canterbury Settlement, which seems to afford one of the surest guarantees of colonial prosperity, has arisen from a systematic discouragement by the Association of merely speculative purchases by absentees.

LIST OF PURCHASERS.

ADDERLEY, CHARLES BOWYER, M.P., Hams Hall, Coleshill.
BOWEN, MRS. ANNE, Elborow-street, Rugby.
BOWEN, REVEREND CHRISTOPHER, Park Villa, Blackheath.
BOWEN, CHARLES, Milverton-crescent, Leamington.

BRITTAN, WILLIAM GUISE, Castleton, Sherborne.
BAINES, JAMES JOHNSON, Guernsey.
BRADLEY, RICHARD ANSTRUTHER, Burbhoom, Calcutta.
BOWRON, GEORGE, 213, Oxford-street.
BOWLER, WILLIAM, 9, Broad-street-buildings.
BARKER, ALFRED CHARLES, North-street, Rugby.
BURKE, MICHAEL JOHN, 12, North Great George's-street, Dublin.
BUCHANAN, MRS. ANN MARGARET, Clifton Park, Birkenhead.
BUCHANAN, JOHN SNODGRASS, 71, Great King-street, Edinburgh.
BATHURST, LADY EMILY, Wytham, Oxford.
BRIDGE, CHARLES J., Peachfield, Great Malvern.
BISHOP, FREDERICK A., 1, Albion-place, Hackney.
BISHOP, E. B., ditto ditto.
BROUGHTON, WILLIAM, Bawtry, Yorkshire.
BULKELEY, JOHN JESSE, Maidenhead.
BEECHEY, CAPTAIN FREDERICK WILLIAM, R.N., 8, Westbourne-creseent, Hyde-park.
BIRCH, JOHN, 33, Connaught-square.
BEARD, GEORGE CHANTLER, Brighton, Sussex.
COOKSON, CRACKENTHORPE J. W., Durnford-street, Stone-house, Devon.
CROMPTON, THOMAS LAKE, 23, Mornington-crescent, Hampstead-road.
CHOLMONDELEY, THOMAS, Hodnet, Salop.
COOPER, AUGUSTUS, Clapham-rise.
CHAPMAN, WILLIAM, 52, George-street, Portman-square.
CHOWNE, JOHN ALFRED, 8, Connaught-place West, Hyde-park,
DUREY, GEORGE, Great Chart, Ashford.
DAMPIER, CHRISTOPHER EDWARD, Gloucester-terrace, Hyde-park-gardens.
DRAPER, GEORGE, 22, Woburn-square, London.
DUDLEY, REVEREND BENJAMIN WOOLLEY, Ticehurst, Vicarage, Sussex.
DUNCAN, THOMAS SMITH, 25, Claremont-terrace, Camden-town.
DICKEN, JOSEPH, St. Stephen's-Hill, near Rugeley.
DASHWOOD, CAPTAIN GEORGE ASTLEY CHARLES, Kirtlington Park, Oxford.
DENMAN, HON. CAPTAIN JOSEPH, R. N., 17, Eaton-terrace.
DOBSON, EDW., 32, Upper Barnsbury-st., Islington.
DENTON, JOHN FREDERICK, Upton, Norfolk.
EARLE, JAMES WILLIAM, Surrey-street, Norwich.
EVANS, THOMAS, Vale-street, Denbigh, N. W.
FENDALL, WALPOLE CHESHYRE, Crambe, Kirkham, Yorkshire.
FITZGERALD, MRS. EMILY, 12, Park-place, Weston-super-mare.
FITZGERALD, JAMES EDWARD, 20, Cockspur-street.
FISHER, STEPHEN, R. N., 2, Queen's-terrace, East Greenwich
FISHER, JAMES TEMPLE, R. N., ditto.
FLEMYNG, RICHARD J. PHILIP, 71, Freeschool-st., Horsleydown.
GRAY, REVEREND FREDERICK, W., Castle Carey, Somerset.
GORDON, HENRY, Cuckney, Mansfield, Notts.
GWYN, WILLIAM HORATIO, Bungay, Suffolk.
HOOPER, JOHN SACKETT, R. N., Canterbury-gate, Sandwich, Kent.
HARMAN, RICHARD J. S., 50, Myddleton-square.
HODGE, REVEREND CHARLES, Clareborough, Notts.
HART, MRS. ELIZABETH FRANCES, Reigate, Surrey.
HART, GEORGE, 21, Mornington-road, Regent's-park
HOWARD, SMITH, Kennington, near Ashford.
HILL, REVEREND RICHARD, Timsbury Rectory, Bath.
HANMER, THOMAS, Bodnod Hall, Conway, N. W.
HARRISON, THOMAS HAYNES, Thorpe Morieux, Suffolk.
HANKINSON, DONALD, Bilton-road, Rugby, Warwickshire.
HEATH, GEORGE, 3, Romney-terrace, Greenwich.
JACKSON, REVEREND THOMAS, Training College, Battersea.
JACKSON, MRS. CHARLOTTE, Rugby.
JAMES, REVEREND JOHN, Ivy Cottage, Yarnton Woodstock.
KITTOE, REVEREND EDWARD HOOPER, Chadwcll, near Grays, Essex.
KENT, EDWARD, 47, Cornmarket-street, Oxford.
KEELE, HENRY W., Ventnor, Isle of Wight.
KENNAWAY, WILLIAM, Shrubbery, Exeter.
KINGDON, REVEREND, GEORGE T. B., 11, Craven-street, Strand.
LONGDEN, JOSEPH, Lyttelton, New Zealand.
LE CREN, HENRY JOHN, ditto,
LANCASTER, BENJAMIN, Chester-terrace, Regent's-park .
LUCK, ISAAC, 29, St. Giles'-street, Oxford.
LAKE, ALFRED, Milton, near Canterbury.
LAWRENCE, JOSEPH, 3, Bath-place, Kensington.
LA TOUCHE, JOHN ALEXANDER, 12, St. Paul's Church-yard.
LESSLIE, HENRY, Canterbury, Kent.
LEE, JOHN PARSONS, Redbrook, Flintshire.
LEE, JOHN BENJAMIN, 20, Cadogan-plaec.
LANE, WILLIAM, 50, Compton-street, Clerkenwell,
MAUNSELL, CHARLES THOMAS, 8, Bentinck-street, Manchester-square.
MOUNTFORD, BENJAMIN W., 2, Earl-street, Westminster.
MACKWORTH, SIR DIGBY, Glen Uske, Caerleon.
MERYON, EDWARD, M. D., 14, Clarges-st., Piccadilly
MANDEVILLE, THE VISCOUNT, M.P., Kimbolton Castle, Hunts.
MATHIAS, REVEREND OCTAVIUS, Horsford Vicarage, Norfolk.
MATHIAS, LIEUT.-COLONEL, H. E. I. C. S., Bedford, terrace, Plymouth.
PAULSON, REVEREND GEORGE ROBERT, Addington Rectory, Kent.
PHILLIPS, HENRY, Kingswood Lodge, near Croydon.
PARKER, CHARLES THOMAS, 11, Calthorpe-place, Gray's-inn-road.
PARKES, HARRY SMITH, Oriental Club, Hanover-sq.
POLLARD, RICHARD, Rosstrevor, County Down.
PERCIVAL, HON, AND REV. ARTHUR PHILIP, Little Bookham, Leatherhead.
PUCKLE, REVEREND EDWARD, 20, Cockspur-street.
PARKERSON, BURRELL, East Dereham, Norfolk.
PACKER, RICHARD, Claverton, near Bath.
PEEL, THOMAS FREDERICK, 4, West Mall, Clifton, near Bristol.
RUSSELL, JOHN CHARLES WATTS, Ilam Hall, Staffordshire.
REEVES, THOMAS HOSIER, Hill House, Handcross, Crawley, Sussex.
RHOADES, REVEREND JAMES PETER, the Elms, Rugby.
RICHARDS, HENRY SLATER, Bridgenorth, Shropshire.
ROWLEY, THOMAS, JUN., Bridgenorth, Salop.
ROWLEY, REVEREND THOMAS, D. D., ditto.
READ, HENRY WILLIAM, 35, Smith-street, Chelsea.
ROSE, CONWAY LUCAS, 13, Eaton-place, West.
ROWE, GEORGE HERBERT, Heavitree, near Exeter.
ROOKE, LEONARD CHARLES, Formosa, Lymington, Hants.
SEWELL, HENRY, Newport, Isle of Wight.
SAVAGE, HENRY, M. D., 7, Gloucester-place, Portman-square.
SPENCER, THE RIGHT HONOURABLE THE EARL, Spencer House.
SHEARS, JAMES HENRY, Streatham-hill, Surrey.
SELFE, HENRY SELFE, 15, Torrington-square.
SHAND, JOHN, Boughton Grange, Chester.
SIDEBOTHAM, REVEREND HENRY FRANCIS, Trinity Parsonage, Halifax, Yorkshire.
SPARROW, LADY OLIVIA BERNARD, Brampton, Huntingdonshire.
SIMEON, CAPT. CHARLES, Swainston, Isle of Wight.
SOMES, MRS. MARIA, 5, Westbourne-terrace.
SMITH, MRS. ELIZA, The Elms, Rugby.
TOWNSEND, JAMES, 21, Evershall-street, Mornington-crescent.
TUCKER, REVEREND JOHN, Lannarth Parsonage, Redruth.
TANCRED, HENRY JOHN, 105, Pall-mall.
TORLESSE, REVEREND CHARLES MARTIN, Stoke-by-Nayland, Colchester.
TIPPETTS, JAMES BERRIMAN, 23, Lonsdale-square, Islington.
TWIGGER, REVEREND JOSEPH, Cemetery Parsonage, Kensall-green.

CONTENTS OF THE CANTERBURY PAPERS.

VINCENT, REVEREND EDWARD, Rowde Vicarage, Devizes, Wilts.
WEATHERBY, CHARLES, jun., 6, Old Burlington-st.
WAKEFIELD, FELIX, Woodhatch, Reigate.
WASHBOURNE, HENRY, 106, Gill-street, Liverpool.
WILLOCK, REVEREND WILLIAM WELLINGTON, Ardwick, Manchester.
WORTLEY, HON. JAMES STUART, Wortley Hall, Sheffield.
WILLIAMS, JOHN WYNN HUGHES, Menaifron, near Carnarvon.
WILLIS, JOHN SHEARING, 13, Portland-place, Cheltenham.
WINGFIELD, JOHN TOFT, 3G, Old Broad-street.
WATKINS, DANIEL, Clist, Honiton, near Exeter.
WAY, HOLROYD FITZWILLIAM, 7, Upper East Hayes, Rath.
WILSON, REVEREND JAMES, Solihull.
WARD, MRS. MARY, 14, Hillfield Parade, Gloucester.
WARD, EDWARD ROBERT, 50, Conduit-street, Bond-street.
WRIGHT, EDWARD, Kennington, Surrey.
WYATT, JAMES, Lime Grove, near Bangor, North Wales.
WILLIAMS, THEODORE, St. John's Villa, North End, Fulham.
WORSLEY, HENRY FRANCIS, Bilton-road, Rugby.
WOOD, ROBERT HENRY, Kew-road, Richmond, Surrey.
YORKE, MRS. WYNNE, Dyffryn Aled, near Denbigh.

In order to facilitate the transmission of money to the Settlement, the Union Bank of Australia (Office, Broad-street, London) has established a branch at Lyttelton; and letters of credit on this branch are granted on the usual terms.

The Canterbury Papers are published occasionally, in numbers. The price of single numbers is 6d., of double numbers 1s., of the eight numebrs, bound in a volume, 4s. Either the single or the double numbers, or the volume, may be obtained by post, on sending postage stamps for the price, and four penny stamps in addition, to H. F. Alston, Esq., 9, Adelphi Terrace, London.

CONTENTS OF THE CANTERBURY PAPERS.

NUMBERS l & 2, price 1s.: Map of the Settlement – Committee and Officers of the Canterbury Association – Sketch of their Plan – Preliminary Arrangements and Economy of the Proposed Settlement – Form of Government – Concentration – Supply of Labour – Other distinctive Features – Price of Land – Application of Proceeds – Preliminary Survey and Roads – Immigration Fund – Selection of Colonists – Mode of Selecting Land – Allotment of Pastoral Ranges – Ecclesiastical and Education Endowments – Progress hitherto – Topographical Information respecting the Canterbury District – Despatch of Captain Thomas – Despatch from Captain Stokes, R. N. – Replies from Messrs. Deans to Captain Thomas's Inquiries – Letter from the Chief Surveying Officer of Her Majesty's ship 'Acheron' – Report on the Coast from Kaiapoi to Otago by Walter Mantell, Esq., Government Commissioner – Letter from the Bishop of New Zealand – Correspondence between Lord Lyttelton and Earl Grey – Terms of Purchase – Instructions to John Robert Godley, Esq., Local Agent of the Association.

NUMBER 3, price 6d.: The Charter of the Canterbury Association – Official Notifications: – Notification by the Canterbury Association, setting forth certain changes in the Plan for Founding the Colony; Terms of Purchase of Lands within the Canterbury Settlement; Regulations to be observed in the Selection of Emigrants to whom Passages to the Canterbury Settlement will be granted; Regulations to be observed in respect to Emigrants who have been selected to receive assistance towards their Passage to the Canterbury Settlement; Form of Application for a Passage to the Canterbury Settlement – Two unfounded Opinions about the Canterbury Colony – The Meeting at St. Martin's Hall – The Canterbury Plains – The Charms of Colonization – Brees' Panorama of New Zealand – Mr. Godley's Letter to Mr. Gladstone, on the Government of the Colonies.

NUMBER 4, price 6d.: The Canterbury Association; Public Meeting at Ipswich – Scheme for the Establishment of a College, in or near the Capital City of the Settlement of Canterbury, and to be called the Christ Church College – Minute of the Committee of the Canterbury Association, on the Relation between the Association and the Colonists – Arrangements for Passenger-ships; Memorandum for Passengers – The Colonists' Rooms; Society of Canterbury Colonists; The Library – Present Aspect of Lyttelton; Extracts from a Letter, dated 'Summerfield Cottage, Esplanade, Lyttelton, 14th November, 1849.' – Poetic Offerings in the Nature of a 'God-speed' to the Canterbury Colonists, by Martin F. Tupper, Esq.; New Zealand; Canterbury Pilgrims; The Canterbury Seal – Answers to Correspondents.

NUMBERS 5 & 6, price 1s.: To the Reader – Public Meeting at Reading – Appeal for Aid in behalf of the Diocese of Lyttelton, in connexion with the Canterbury Settlement of New Zealand – Amended Terms of Purchase of Lands within the Canterbury Settlement – Emoluments to Surgeons – The Colonists' Rooms; Zoological Committee; The Library – Despatches from Lyttelton; Meteorological Register for November and December, 1849 – Letters on the Geological Formation of the Middle Island – Operations at Canterbury – Counsel to Canterbury Colonists as respects the Purchase of Land for investment – Letter from a Mechanic at Port Cooper, New Zealand – Practical Advice to a Canterbury Colonist – On Sheep-Farming – Stock Farming in the Wairarapa – On the Name, New Zealand – Public Breakfast to the Departing Colonists – Leading Article of the Times – A Lesson about Colonization – Sonnet.

NUMBER 7, price 6d.: Despatch from J. R. Godley, Esq., Agent to the Canterbury Association – Extract from Mr. Godley's Private Journal, communicated by Mr. Adderley, M.P. – Despatch from the Committee of Management of the Canterbury Association to Mr. Godley – Minute of the Committee of Management on the Administration of the Ecclesiastical and Educational Fund.

NUMBER 8, price 6d.: Archbishop of Canterbury's Sermon, preached at St. Paul's to the departing Colonists, Sunday, Sept. 1, 1850 – List of Land Purchasers – Canterbury Settlement Lands Act – Extracts of Letters from Port Lyttelton – Letter from Committee of Management to Mr. Godley, 1st October, 1850 – Contrast in Colonization – Extract from the present Tract – Letter from Captain Thomas, 15th May, 1850,

THE SOCIETY OF CANTERBURY COLONISTS

consists from time to time of persons intending to settle in the colony, and is continually renewed by the introduction of fresh members to fill the places of those who emigrate. The Society has three principal objects; first, that of bringing together intending colonists, so that they may not be strangers to each other when

they reach their future home; secondly, that of enabling them to co-operate as a body for purposes of great importance to them as individuals, but which individuals could not accomplish; and, thirdly, that of enabling strangers to acquire with facility the fullest information about the colony. The affairs of the Society are managed by an elected Council, of which the present Chairman is Captain Simeon, of the Isle of Wight. Some members of the Council attend daily at the Society's Rooms from ten till four o'clock for the purpose of answering personal or written inquiries. A general meeting is held every Wednesday from one till four o'clock, which strangers desirous of obtaining information, for themselves or others, are invited to attend. Seats are reserved for ladies. Letters of inquiry addressed to either of the Secretaries will be answered without delay. But as it is not possible that either reading or written correspondence should supply that full and particular information, which all must desire who contemplate either taking, or advising others to take, so important a step in life as that of emigrating to a distant colony, the Society recommends a careful personal investigation of every part of the subject by means of frequent attendance at their Rooms, where alone it is possible to gain in a short time the varied knowledge of circumstances in detail, without which a decision either for or against emigration must be, more or less, a step taken in the dark.

In the opinion of the Council, the classes of persons to whom especially the Canterbury Settlement would afford a prosperous career and agreeable home, are as follow: –

First. The head of a family of gentleman's condition, desirous of occupation and fond of rural pursuits, whose property has been equal to his social wants, but is, without any positive diminution, becoming less in 'proportion to the cost of bringing up children, and who looks forward with alarm to their prospects in this land of universal competition. There are thousands of people answering to this description, who now vegetate in obscure and self-reproachful idleness, abroad and at home, but who, by emigrating to a colony socially well-founded, would obtain a career, independence, personal importance, and peace of mind: and the class comprises not a few clergymen, to whom this only Church-of-England settlement appears to hold out the remarkable attraction of facilities for augmenting a private fortune, without forfeiting the clerical character or abandoning its functions.

Secondly. The younger son of a nobleman or gentleman of fortune, who wishes but is afraid to marry in this country; who has the manly pride to like self-relying exertion better than dependence or place-hunting; and who is conscious of possessing the combined energy and prudence by means of which, in almost any new country, care may be defied, and a small capital gradually turned into a considerable property.

Thirdly. The youth whose parents should prefer for him a colonial to a professional career, and whose good disposition and habits would induce a respectable colonist family to take charge of him for a time, and to qualify him, by practical instruction, for managing his land, which would be growing in value during the interval.

Fourthly. Tenant farmers having enough sense and mental courage to be capable of fairly estimating the differences between occupying another man's land in the island of one's birth, and farming one's own land in another island of the same empire, where husbandry – pastoral and agricultural – is the natural pursuit of the highest class, and where, for those in whose character enterprise is sustained by caution and by steadiness of purpose, this pursuit is almost a sure road to wealth and consequence.

Fifthly. A variety of small capitalists acquainted with different trades and industrious callings, whose money-making qualities would ensure their prosperity as settlers in any new country; but who, moreover, are attached to the Church of England, and very desirous of elevating their children in the social scale, by means of giving them the highest kind of education.

Sixthly. Persons whose calling it is to work for wages, (more especially gardeners, farm-labourers, stock-keepers, shepherds, and country mechanics,) who are able to procure from a clergyman a declaration, upon his honour, that he believes them to be amongst the most valuable people of their class in his parish: for to none but emigrants so recommended does the Association give assistance towards the passage, whilst persons whose character stands so high, are generally able – by means of their own savings, or of the aid of wealthy and generous neighbours – to provide the half of the passage-money for mechanics, or the third for country people, which is required by the Association.

At a meeting of the Society of Canterbury Colonists, held at their Rooms, on Wednesday, the 6th of November, 1850, it was resolved, –

'That the Paper entitled, Brief Information about the Canterbury Settlement, be printed and distributed. By order of the Council,

No. 9, Adelphi Terrace. J. S. BUCHANAN, HENRY GORDON, Honorary Secretaries,

To whom it is requested that application may be made for copies of this Tract.

1 Essay on Colonization by the Bishop of Norwich, reprinted in Wakefield's View of the Art of Colonization.

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