ENZB - 1868 - Lindsay, W. Contributions to New Zealand Botany - [Bibliography, Index, Plates] p 89-109

[Bibliography, Index, Plates]

BIBLIOGRAPHY,

[REFERENCES TO AUTHORS AND WORKS QUOTED.]

I. Dr. HOOKER.

1. Flora Novae Zelandiae, vol. i.--Phaenogams and Ferns, 1853. vol. ii.--Other Cryptogams, 1855.

2. Handbook of the New Zealand Flora, vol, i.--Phaenogams and Ferns, 1864, vol. ii.--Other Cryptogams, 1867.

II. Dr. NYLANDER.

1. Lichenes Novae Zelandiae, quos ibi legit Anno 1861 Dr. Lauder Lindsay, Journal of Linnean Society (Botany), vol. ix, p. 244.

III. Dr. LAUDER LINDSAY.

CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE NATURAL HISTORY OP NEW ZEALAND,

I. GENERAL NATURAL HISTORY:

1. Place and Power of Natural History in Colonisation; with special reference to Otago.
Lecture published in Dunedin, in 1862; Abstract in Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal, April and July, 1863.

II. GEOLOGY:

2. Illustrations of the Geology and Mineralogy of New Zealand.
Programme of Conversazione of Royal Society of Edinburgh, February, 1863.

3. Geology of the New Zealand Gold Fields:
Otago; and Auckland.
Proceedings of British Association, Section C. (Geology), 1862. Journal of Royal Geological Society of Ireland, vol. i, 1865, p. 49.

4. Tertiary Coals of New Zealand.
Transactions (vol. xxiv, p. 167,) and Proceedings (vol. v, p. 374,) of Royal Society of Edinburgh.

[Image of page 90]

III. BOTANY:

5. Contributions to the Flora of Otago.
Transactions of Botanical Society of Edinburgh, vol. viii, p. 250, 1865.
Proceedings of Royal Society of Edinburgh, vol. v, p. 434.

6. Enumeration of Phaenogams and Ferns collected in Otago.
Seemann's Journal of Botany, vol. iv, p. 226.

7. Enumeration of Cryptogams collected in Otago.
Transactions of Botanical Society of Edinburgh.
(a) Ferns, Lycopodiaceae, and Marsileaceae, vol. ix, p. 27.
(b) Mosses and Hepaticae, vol. ix, p. 22.
(c) Lichens, vol. viii, p. 349.
(d) Fungi, vol. ix, p. 13.
(e) Marine Algae, vol. viii, p. 420.

8. Relations of the Southern to the Northern Flora, of New Zealand.
Proceedings of British Association, Section D. (Botany), 1865.

9. Toot Plant and Poison of New Zealand.
Proceedings of British Association, Section D. (Botany), 1862.
British and Foreign Medico-Chirurgical Review, July 1865.
Seemann's Journal of Botany, vol. i, p. 247.

10. Glumaceae of Otago.
Transactions of Botanical Society of Edinburgh, vol. ix, p. 63.

11. Obstacles to the Utilization of New Zealand Flax.
Proceedings of British Association, Section F. (Economic Science), 1867;
Seemann's Journal of Botany, vol. v, p. 341.

12. Observations on New Lichens and Fungi collected in Otago; with two plates (coloured lithographs)-116 figures.; 4to.
Transactions (vol. xxiv, p. 407,) and Proceedings (vol. v, p. 527,) of Royal Society of Edinburgh.

13. Observations on New Zealand Lichens; with 4 plates (coloured lithographs)--146 figures; 4to.
Transactions of Linnean Society, vol. xxv, p. 493.

14. New or Rare Cryptogams from Otago.
Transactions of Botanical Society of Edinburgh, vol. viii, p. 280.

15. New Species of Melanospora from Otago; with a lithograph plate--5 figures.
Transactions of Botanical Society of Edinburgh, vol. viii, p. 426.

16. Diatomaceae of Otago.
Journal of Linnean Society (Botany), vol. ix, p. 129.

17. Protophyta of New Zealand.
Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science, April, 1867.

[Image of page 91]

III. BOTANY-Continued:

18. New Zealand Carrageen.
Transactions of Botanical Society of Edinburgh, vol. ix, p. 138.

19. Conservation of Forests in New Zealand.
Proceedings of British Association, Section D. (Botany), 1867.
Seemann's Journal of Botany, vol. vi, 1868.

20. Addenda to the Cryptogamic Flora of Otago.
Transactions of the Botanical Society of Edinburgh, vol. ix, p. 201.

IN PREPARATION.

Papers relating to--

1. The Forests of Otago.

2. Observations on Otago Trees.

3. Observations on Otago Phaenogams--[illustrative mainly of Variations of the Individual from the "Character" of the "Species."]

4. Observations on Otago Compositae.

5. Contributions to the Climatology of Otago.

6. Contributions to the Physical Geography of Otago.

7. Contributions to the Geology of Otago.

8. Contributions to the Geographical Botany of Otago.

9. Contributions to the Economic Botany of Otago.

10. Immigrant Flora of Otago.

11. Comparative Superiority of the Introduced (British) Grasses.

12. Catalogue of the Maori and Settlers Names of Otago Plants.

13. Addenda to the Cryptogamic Flora of Otago [Micro-Fungi and Micro-Lichenes].

14. Desiderata of the Otago Flora.

15. Properties and Products of the New Zealand Flax Plant.

[Image of page 92]

EXPLANATION OF PLATES.

In the four following Plates are figured five new species 1 of flowering plants contained in my Otago Herbarium, collected in 1861,--and referred to in my "Observations on Genera and Species" (pp. 48, 52, 53, 54). Only one of these is at present known to occur in the North Island, viz., Aciphylla Colensoi, Hook. f.; so that four are--provisionally at least--referable to the Southern or South Island 2 Flora.

Three of them, viz., Viscum Lindsayi, Oliver; Celmisia Lindsayi, Hook. f.; and Poa Lindsayi, Hook. f. were found by myself for the first time. They are not as yet known to occur elsewhere than New Zealand; so that they are absolutely new to science. 3

Crepis Novae Zelandiae, Hook. f. had previously been found on Queen Charlotte's Sound (in the Province of Nelson), and on the Alps of Canterbury (up to 3000 feet); and Aciphylla Colensoi in various parts of the Alps of the South and North Islands (up to 6000 feet.)

Their specific diagnoses, as well as their relations to other New Zealand species or genera, may be best understood by consulting Dr. Hooker's "Handbook." Some of my Otago plants being too young to furnish full characters for description, especially as to fruit, I examined, in 1865, all the specimens of the species now figured then contained in the Hookerian Herbarium, Kew; but I can add nothing of consequence to the descriptions given by Dr. Hooker in his "Handbook."

The Drawings and Dissections were made by Mr. Fitch, F.L.S., of Kew, from specimens selected and lent by Dr. Hooker--as the most illustrative and perfect ones--from the series of New Zealand plants contained in the Kew Herbarium; which is, I believe, much richer in this group of plants than any other Herbarium, public or private, in the world. The Dissections were made under Dr. Hooker's direction, and are the result of the examination of a great number of different specimens.

My best acknowledgments are due to Dr. Hooker, not only for his kindness in selecting and lending to the Artist the said specimens, and supervising the said Drawings and Dissections, but for the indispensable and invaluable aid he has

[Image of page 93]

afforded me throughout my researches on the Otago Flora, since my return from New Zealand in 1862; as well as for the facilities he has always offered me for access to the treasures of Kew, and for all other personal courtesies or kindnesses, 4 I have also to express my obligations to Mr. Fitch--the "facile princeps" of professional Botanical Draughtsmen in this country--for his faithful and admirable rendering of the Drawings and Dissections.

The Botanist will not, of course, expect the Drawings in all respects to correspond to the descriptions given of the plants here figured in the "Handbook." Both drawings and descriptions may be, and doubtless are, perfectly accurate; but the former represent Individuals, and the latter Species; and slight differences in details are therefore inevitable.

Plate I. ACIPHYLLA COLENSOI, Hook. f.

Fig. a. Portion of flower-stem; showing flower-umbels and bracts.
b. Mature male flower; showing the stylopodia.
c. Young male flower; showing the incurved petals.
d. Stylopodia of male flower.
e. Female flower; showing its stylopodia.
f. Female flower; approaching the maturescence of the fruit.
g. Portion of flowering-stem; showing the fruit-umbels.
h-i. Ripe fruit, lateral and front views.
j. " " transverse section.
k. Leaf.
Figs. a, g, and k are of natural size; all other figures are variously magnified. The inflorescence is much narrower and more spear-shaped in my Otago plant than is represented in the Plate.

Plate II. VISCUM LINDSAYI, Oliver; parasitic on Metrosideros Hypericifolia, A. Cunn.: both plants of natural size.

The Drawings are from young plants, in flower, collected in December 1861; and the Dissections are not, therefore, so complete (especially as to fruit), or so numerous, as they would have been had a full series of flowering and fruiting specimens been before the artist.

Fig. a. Branch; twice natural size; showing--

1. Its leafless character.

2. The constituent joints--flattish--greatly constricted at each articulation; obovate or oblong-ovate; longer than broad.

3. Flowers very minute; spiked on the branch-joints.

[Image of page 94]

Fig. b. One of the branch-joints with its flower-spikes; four times natural size; showing the jointed flower-peduncle.

c. Flower-perianth; about sixteen times natural size; three-lobed; lobes persistent.

Plate III. Fig. I. CELMISIA LINDSAYI, Hook. f.: natural size.

This species does not appear yet to have been found by any other collector, or in any other locality, in New Zealand.

Fig. a. Female ray-floret.
b. Hermaphrodite disc-floret.
c. Achene.
d. Arms of Style.
e. Stamen.
f. Bristles of Pappus.
Figs. a to f are more or less magnified.

Figs. II. CREPIS NOVAE ZELANDIAE, Hook. f.

The two figures represent its extremes of growth; a the larger, and b the smaller, or dwarf, form--both of natural size. The Drawings are from Canterbury specimens. The apex of the leaf in the larger form is usually more obtuse and obovate than is represented in the Plate.

Fig. c. Floret.
d. Arms of Style.
e. Achene.
f. Hairs of Pappus.
Figs, c to e are more or less magnified.

Plate IV. POA LINDSAYI, Hook. f. (Lindsay, Otago Glumaceae, p. 70.)

Since I collected it in 1861, it has been found in the Central Lake districts of Otago, and in various parts of the Hill-regions of Canterbury--up to an altitude of 4000 feet. It will probably be found to be a common subalpine or alpine pasture-grass throughout the South Island.

Figs, a and b represent its extremes of growth; a the taller, b the smaller, form; both of natural size.

Dr. Hooker writes me, that while his description of this species in the "Handbook" (p. 340) was passing through the press, he received additional specimens, which required him to modify somewhat the specific characters as contrasted with those given in the Key to the genus Poa--then already printed off (p. 337).

[Image of page 95]

Hence it will be found that there are certain contradictions or discrepancies in trivial details between the characters given in the "Handbook," at pages 337 and 340 respectively. He describes the paleae as blunter than the representation here given by the artist; but "the general habit and character he (the Artist) has given admirably."

Fig. c. Portion of Leaf-sheath, showing the ligule.
d. Spikelet.
e. Glumes.
f Hermaphrodite floret.
g. Organs of reproduction, showing-
Stigma Ovary (Pistil) Stamens Scales.
h. Scale or Squamule.
Figs, c to h are more or less highly magnified.

ADDENDUM ANENT THE GENDER OF THE BOTANICAL NAMES OF VARIETIES.

In my "Enumeration of Plants Collected," (p. 36), and elsewhere in the present Memoir, I have followed Hr. Hooker (or other authors) in using the neuter or masculine terminations for the Latin names of Varieties, where the Generic substantive is neuter or masculine. It appears to me, however, grammatical accuracy requires in all cases the gender of the name of the variety to correspond with that of the Latin term, or implied sub-name, "Varietas," which is feminine. The reader will find, in the "Enumeration" referred to, var. (i. e., Varietas) vestitum; var. costatum; var. Magellanicum; var. tenue; var. multiscapus; var. glaber, &c.; in all which cases it seems to me the termination should have been feminine. From inattention to some uniform and simple grammatical rule, most Catalogues of Plants and Systems of Botany abound in instances of the abbreviation var. (-- Varietas, feminine) followed by adjectives terminating in neuter and masculine, as well as feminine, affixes! There should at least be some uniformity of principle and practice on the part of Nomenclators and Systematists. Obviously, it is impossible that Asplenium bulbiferum var. laxa and var. tripinnata (Handb. Fl. N.Z., p. 373), on the one hand, and Aspidium aculeatum var. vestitum (Ibid. p. 375), or Ranunculus lappaceus var. multiscapus (Ibid. p. 7), on the other, should be equally correct--grammatically or otherwise.

[Image of page 96]

There is an equal diversity and confusion of practice as regards the initial letter of the adjective designations of Species or Varieties, where these are derived from proper names (e.g. of places or things):--some authors using capitals--a practice which appears to me to possess an advantage. Whatever be, however, the relative advantages or disadvantages of the use of capital, or small, initial letters, there ought at least--as in the other case (of genders)--to exist some intelligible and simple uniformity of practice. There seems no good or sufficient reason why the names of persons should be selected for exemption or exception from the rule, which is applied to all other specific or varietal names.

[Image of page 97]

INDEX.

I.--NAMES OF OTAGO PLANTS.

A.--SCIENTIFIC NAMES: GENERA, SPECIES, AND VARIETIES.

Acaena . . . 46, 57
Acerosa (Coprosma) . . . 72
Aciphylla . . . 48
Angustifolia (Aciphylla) . . . 48, 50
Angustissima (Coriaria) . . . 87
Antipoda (Gaultheria) . . . 64-5
Arborea (Coriaria) . . . 84
Astelia . . . 53
Australis (Rubus) . . . 54
" " (Cordyline) . . . 82
Buxifolia (Veronica) . . . 67-8
Carmichaelia . . . 46, 57
Carolinianum (Geranium) . . . 62-3
Celmisia,. . . . 52
Cissoides (Rubus) . . . 55-7
Colensoi (Aciphylla) . . . 48-51, 92-3
" " (Gaultheria) . . . 65
" " (Phormium) . . . 77-9, 83
Concentricum (Hypoxylon) . . . 71
Coprosma . . . 46, 65, 70
Coriaria . . . 46, 83, 88
Crepis . . . 54
Decussata, (Veronica) . . . 69
Discaria . . . . 54, 57
Dissectum (Geranium) . . . 62, 64
Edwardsia . . . 73, 76
Elliptica (Veronica) . . . . 68-70
Erecta (Gaultheria) . . . 64
Fragile (Hieracium) . . . 54
Fuchsia . . . . 46, 73
Gaultheria . . . 46, 64
Geranium . . . 46, 61
Geum . . . 60
Glaber (Rubus) . . . 56
Glabratum (Geranium) . . . 63
Gracilenta (Celmisia) . . . 53
Gracilis (Wahlenbergia) . . . 66-7
Grandiflora (Sophora) . . . 73-6
Grandis (Aciphylla) . . . . 49
Hieracium, 54
Hypoxylon . . . 71
Laevis (Veronica) . . . 67-8
Latifolia (Aciphylla) . . . . 48-9
Linariifolia (Coprosma) . . . 71
Lindleyana (Veronica) . . . 68
Lindsayi (Celmisia) . . . 53, 92, 94
" " (Poa) . . . . 92, 94
" " (Viscum) . . . 52, 71, 92-3
Longifolia (Celmisia) . . . 53
Lucida (Coprosma) . . . . 70-1
Macnabiana (Edwardsia) . . . 74, 76
Magellanicum (Geum) . . . 60
Melanospora . . . 90
Micranthus (Loranthus) . . . 72
Microphyllum (Geranium) . . . 61-2, 64
Microphylla (Sophora) . . . 73-6
" " (Gaultheria) . . . 64
Molle (Geranium) . . . . 62-4
Myrtillifolia (Coprosma) . . . 72
Novae Zelandiae (Acaena) . . . 57
" " (Crepis),. 54> 92, 94
Ovina (Acaena) . . . 58

[Image of page 98]

Parviflora (Coprosma) . . . 72
" " (Veronica) . . . 68
Phormium . . . 46, 77
Pilosum (Geranium) . . . 61-2, 64
Potentilloides (Geranium) . . . 62
Propinqua (Coprosma) . . . 72
Pulchella (Edwardsia) . . . 74, 76
Rotundifolia (Coprosma) . . . 52, 71
Rubus . . . 54
Rupestris (Gaultheria) . . . 65
Ruscifolia (Coriaria) . . . . 13, 84-7
Salicifolia (Veronica) . . . 68-9
Salicornioides (Viscum) . . . 52
Sanguisorbae (Acaena) . . . 59
Sarmentosa (Coriaria) . . . 86
Saxicola (Wahlenbergia) . . . 66-7
Schmidelioides (Rubus) . . . 56
Sonchus . . . 62
Sophora . . . . . 46, 73
Speciosa (Veronica) . . . . 67-8
Squarrosa (Aciphylla) . . . 48-51
Strictum (Geum) . . . 60
Taraxacum . . . 62
Tenax (Phormium) . . . . 77-9, 82
Tetraptera (Sophora) . . . 73
Thymifolia (Coriaria) . . . 86-7
Toumatou (Discaria) . . . 49, 54
Tutu (Coriaria) . . . 84
Urbanum (Geum) . . . . 60-1
Veronica . . . . . 46, 67
Viscum . . . 52
Vernicosa (Veronica) . . . 70
Wahlenbergia . . . 46, 66

B.--MAORI NAMES.

Arekeke . . . 83
Bidi-bidi; Beta-beta . . . . 59
Goai; Ghoai; Goa; Ghoa . . . 73
Harakeke; Herekiakia; Herakiaki . . . 83
Houma . . . . . 73
Hunga-hunga . . . . 83
Hutiwai . . . . . 59
Kaikaha . . . 83
Kalamou . . . 71
Karamu; Kakaramu; Karangu . . . 71
Kokomuka; Kokomuku . . . 68
Kopata . . . 60
Korari; Kouradi; Coradi . . . 82
Korokio . . . 68
Koromiko; Korimuka; Korumeek . . . 68
Koropuku . . . 64
Koura . . .78
Kowai; Kowhai . . . . 73
Kuri-kuri . . . . 50
Matuakumera . . . 62
Mikimik . . . 72
Mingi-mingi . . . . 72
Muka . . . 83
Papaii . . . . 50
Parakoka . . . 83
Pinakitere . . . 62
Piri-piri . . . . 59
" " -kahu . . . . 59
Puhou . . . 85
Taramea . . . 49
Tatara-hake . . . . . 72
Tataramoa . . . . . 54
Taweku . . . 85
Ti . . . . . . 82
Tihore: Tihori . . . . 79, 81
Tua-tutu . . . . . 85
Tupake . . . 85
Tupakihi . . . 85
Tutu: Toot, . 13, 80, 83-6, 88, 90
Tutu-heu-heu . . . . . 87
Tutu-papa . . . 87
Whakariki: Wharariki: Wharaeki . . . 78
Whitau . . . 83

[Image of page 99]

C.--SETTLERS' NAMES

Aster, New Zealand . . . 53
Bayonette grass . . . . 49
Blackberry, New Zealand . . . 54
Bloody Spaniard . . . 49
Blue Bell, New Zealand . . . 66-7
Bramble, " " . . . 54, 57
Broad leaf . . . . . 71
Burr, New Zealand . . . 59
Cabbage Palm . . . . 82
Cotton plant, New Zealand . . . 53
Flax, New Zealand, . 77, 79-80, 90-1
" " -Lily, " . . . 79
Laburnum, New Zealand . . . 73, 76
Lawyers, Bush . . . . 54
Leather plant . . . . 53
Mimosa, New Zealand . . . 73
Mistletoe, " " . . . 52
Orange leaf . . . . . 71
Spear-grass . . . 49
Supplejacks . . . . 54
Tea, New Zealand . . . . 59
Thom, New Zealand . . . . 49, 54
Toot, (Vide Tutu:--Maori names),
Tree-Toot . . . 84
Wild Irishman . . . . 54
Wild Spaniard . . . 49
Willow, New Zealand . . . 68
Wine-berry Shrub . . . . 85
Yellow-wood . . . 72

II.--GENERAL SUBJECTS.

Acclimatisation (in Britain) of New Zealand Plants, 20-1, 28, 58, 67, 71, 73, 75, 8l, 88
Acclimatisation--Experiments, 67, 75, 81, 88
" " errors in, 20, 76, 82
Agricultural Lands . . . 31, 33, 80
Alps of Otago . . . . 29
Altitudinal range of Otago plants, 48-51, 53, 62, 64, 67, 70, 80, 84, 87, 92, 94
Annual and Perennial Growth, as a specific character, 61, 81, 83-6, 88
Area of Otago botanically unexplored, 5-6, 9
Australian Physiognomy of New Zealand Plants . . . 57 (Vide also Leafless Plants).
Author's Otago Collections--
Area of . . . 10
Character and Circumstances of, 11
Catalogues of . . . . 36
Number of Species,. 44
" " New to New Zealand, 44
" " New to Otago, 44
" " British, 36-44, 62
Author's Contributions to the Botany of Otago, 16, 90
" " " Geology of " , 89
Berries; their properties and applications, 56, 85
Book-species, peculiarities of, 23, 46, 57, 61, 66, 83, 86-8
Botany in Colonisation, utility of, 14-5
Botanical ignorance; and its results in young colonies . . . . 13
Botanists, New Zealand, problems awaiting, 9, 14, l6, 46-7, 51-2, 58, 61, 65-6, 68, 70, 77, 88
Botanist, Government, appointment of, recommended . . . 9
Bramble-Wine . . . . 57
British fruits and flowers in Otago,. 28
British Physiognomy of New Zealand plants, 62
Bush, vegetation of the Otago, 52, 54, 64, 67, 70, 73, 85
Calendar, Maori, botanical elements of, 73
Cattle, destruction of, by indigenous plants, 13, 59

[Image of page 100]

Characters of Species, unsatisfactoriness of, 48, 55, 58, 61-5, 70, 74, 83, 85-8, 91, 94
Climate, and vegetation, inter-relations of, 15, 25, 27-8
" " of Otago, characteristic features of, 28
" " Winter, of Otago . . . 27-8
Climates, local, in Otago . . . 27, 80
" " Artificial, in new Colonies, . 28
Clutha river . . . . . 31
" " valley, Lower, physical geography and geology of . . . 34-5
Colonial (Settler's) Nomenclature of native plants . . . 13, 53, 91 (Vide also Maori Nomenclature, corruption of,)
Colour, alterations of, in drying, 48-50, 52-3, 55-6, 60, 63-4, 69-72, 86
Cottony hairs; and their economical applications . . . . 52-3
Cryptogams collected by Author, 38, 44, 90-1
Cultivation.; and its influence
(a) in modifying specific characters, 20, 55, 67-8, 71, 73-5, 77, 81
(b) on economic value of produce, 77, 79, 81
Dangerous or troublesome native plants; to man and animals (from physical or chemical peculiarities), 13, 49-50, 53-4, 59 (Vide also Cattle, Sheep, Toot).
Deciduous character of native trees, exceptional . . . . . 73
Definition or limitation of Species, 20, 46, 55, 60-1, 64, 66, 68, 70, 83-4, 88
Definitions of Species, more comprehensive, use of,. 15, 47, 57, 66, 68, 70, 83
Describers of New Species, qualifications of, 22
Desiderata of the Otago Flora, 9, 14-5, 91
Diatoms, collected by Author,. 43-4, 90
Displacement or disappearance of indigenous vegetation, 28, 49, 51, 80, 85
" " agencies affecting . . . 80
Dunedin, Climatology, physical geography and geology of, . 25, 27, 32, 35 (Vide also Meteorology).
East Coast Flora representative,. 9, 11
Economic Botany of Otago,. 14-5, 77, 91
Edible Roots . . . 49, 62
Fence-topping . . . . 59, 62
Ferns collected by Author,. 38, 44, 90
Fern-covering of Hills . . . 80, 85
Fibres, economic value of indigenous, (Vide Flax).
Fjords of West Coast . . . 30
Flax, New Zealand, value and applications of, 77-9, 81-2
Flora, Southern, of New Zealand, contrasted with Northern, 7, 71, 77, 90, 92
" " of West Coast of Otago, 67, 69-70, 79, 84-5, 89
" " of Lake districts of Otago, 67, 73, 85
" " alpine or sub-alpine, of Otago, 49-51, 53-4, 62, 64-5, 67-8, 78, 87, 94 (Vide also Altitudinal range. Medical Botany, Economic Botany, Ornamental Plants.)
Florists' designations of New Zealand Plants, 20, 57-8, 68, 74
Florula of Otago, scheme of a, . 13-5
" " necessity for a, . 14, 16
Florulas, local, their utility . . . 13, 16
Flowering of Trees, as characteristic of the seasons in New Zealand,. 73
Flowering of New Zealand plants, peculiarities of, . 73, 75, 82
Flowering plants collected by Author, 36, 44, 90-1
Fungi collected by Author,. 42, 44-5, 90
Geographical distribution of plants in Otago, peculiarities of, 15, 49-51, 53 62, 64, 70, 77, 79, 80, 84, 87, 91-2, 94
Geology of Otago . . . 31-4, 89, 91
Geology and Vegetation, inter-relations of, 80 (Vide also Land-subsidence).
Glacier vegetation . . . 28, 50
Glaciers of Otago . . . . 29
Gorrie, views and experiments on Acclimatisation . . . . 74
Grasses collected by Author . . . 38, 90
Greenisland district; physical geography and geology of . . . 33-4
Gum-resins . . . . 49, 51
Habit, variations in,. (Vide Species, variations of).

[Image of page 101]

Habitat, influence of, in modifying specific characters, 48, 53-4, 64, 72, 80. (Vide Species, variations of,)
Hardiness of New Zealand plants in cultivation in Britain, 20-1, 55, 58, 67-9, 75, 81-2, 88
Herbaria, Sectional, in public collections, importance of . . . 17-8
" " Public, centralisation of, advantages and disadvantages,. 22
Herbarium-specimens unfit for determination, 12
" " loss or destruction of, by travel, 14, 62
Hooker, Dr., Contributions to the New Zealand Flora . . . 9, 16, 89, 92
Horticulturists, views of, on "Species," 20, 74
Hybridization, results of,. 56, 67, 68
Immigrant Flora of Otago, 28, 59, 62, 80, 85, 91 (Vide also Weeds).
Inch Clutha . . . ... 31
Jungle, plants forming . . . 54, 80
" " Flax, ... 80
Lakes of Otago . . . . 30
Land-subsidence in relation to vegetation, 33
Leafless plants of Otago . . . 57, 66
Lichens collected by Author, 39-42, 44-5, 90-1
Limestone districts of Otago, peculiarities of, 32
Living forms of plants, importance of study of . . . . 14, 70, 77, 88
Lyall, Dr., Contributions to the Otago Flora, 8
Mantles or cloaks made by the Maoris, 78 (Vide also Native Manufactures).
Maori Nomenclature of Native plants, 13, 68, 82-3, 85, 91
" " " corruption of, by settlers . . . 68, 73, 82
Medical Botany of Otago,. 14-5, 77 (Vide also Purgative Native plants). Tome)
Meteorology of Dunedin . . . 25-8
Meteorological observations, importance of, in new countries . . . 27
Monstrosities of Inflorescence, . 68-9
Mosses collected by Author,. 39, 44, 90
Native (Maori) manufactures, . 78-9
Natural History Surveys of new countries, necessity for . . . . 7
Naturalised and Native plants, difficulty of distinguishing . . . 62
New Species, . 22-3, 57, 65
" " collected by Author, 6, 17, 24, 36-45, 90, 92
Nomenclature of Plants, defects in the, 95
Ornamental indigenous plants, in cultivation, 21, 49, 52, 54-5, 58, 62, 67, 71, 73, 75, 86, 88
Otago Harbour, physical geography of, 32
Parasitic Plants of Otago . . . 52, 93
Passage-forms between Species, 46, 57, 64-6, 68, 70, 83, 86-8
Pastures, native,. , 30-1, 33-4, 80
Plant-collection in new countries, importance of . . . . 14
Plants of New Zealand in the Kew Herbarium, 17, 53, 92
" " in the Edinburgh Herbarium, 18
Plants, characteristic or typical, of Otago, 49, 50, 82 (Vide also Leafless Plants.)
Protophytes collected by Author,. 44, 90
Purgative properties of native plants, 68
Revision of Book-species of New Zealand Plants, necessity for, 47, 51-2, 58, 68, 84, 88
Rivers of Otago . . . . 31 (Vide also Clutha.)
Sand-dunes, vegetation of,. 53, 62, 72
Science in colonisation, the "Cui bono?" of, 14
"Scrub," vegetation forming the, 49, 54, 65, 67, 70, 72-3, 85
Seasons in New Zealand . . . 11, 82
Seaweeds collected by Author, 42-4, 90
Seedlings, New Zealand, modes of raising, 73-4
Sheep, destruction of, by indigenous plants, 13, 53
"Snow-grasses," region of the, in Otago, 51, 53, 67
Snow-line in Otago . . . 29, 51, 53

[Image of page 102]

Species, Variations of, 15, 20, 46-8, 50-1, 53-6, 58, 60-6, 68-75, 77-8, 83-7, 91, 93-5
" " Genera and Varieties, confusion of, 23, 48, 51, 55-8, 61, 65, 70, 73-5, 78, 83-4, 87
" " Reduction of, (Vide Synonymy.)
" " Typical or aggregate, substitution of, 14-5, 47, 57, 65-6, 68, 70, 83, 88
" " Unity or Plurality of, in Genera, 48, 61, 65-6, 68, 74-5, 77, 79, 83-4, 87-8
" " Unnecessary redundancy of, (Vide Synonymy.) (Vide also New Species; Book-Species; Definition of Species; Revision of Species.)
Swamps, Flax, ... 80
" " Tussock . . . 80
Synonymy, redundant and confusing, 15, 23-4, 47, 61, 68
Systems, Botanical, defects of, 23, 46, 88, 95
Taeri plain, physical geography and geology of, 33
"Terraces" and "flats" and their vegetation, 31, 33-4, 53, 85
Timbers of Otago, value and applications of, 71-2, 76, 84
Tonic properties of native plants,. 68
Toot Poison,. 13-4, 90
" " Wine . . . . . 57, 85
Tuapeka gold-field; and its vegetation, 10, 34-5, 54, 60, 89
Variation-forms, general indication of, 47, 50, 56, 64, 67, 77, 79, 83, 88
Variation, in relation to specific limitation, (Vide Species.)
Varieties, economical importance of, 77-9 " " in relation to Species, (Vide Species.)
" " ungrammatical nomenclature of, 95
" " unnecessary nomenclature of, 47, 50, 55, 63-6, 75, 78-9
Veronica-region in Otago . . . 67
Waterfalls in Otago . . . . 30
Weeds, noxious, (native,) . . 59, 68
" " (alien,) . 28, 59, 80, 84
Wild Pig, food of . . . 49
Wool, deterioration of, by indigenous plants, 59