[TITLE PAGE]
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NEW ZEALAND,
OR
ZEALANDIA,
THE BRITAIN OF THE SOUTH.
With Two Maps and Seven Coloured Views
BY
CHARLES HURSTHOUSE,
A NEW ZEALAND COLONIST, AND FORMER VISITOR IN THE
UNITED STATES, THE CANADAS, THE CAPE COLONY,
AND AUSTRALIA.
LONDON: EDWARD STANFORD, 6, CHARING CROSS.
1857.
[TITLE VERSO]
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"For the Lord thy God bringeth thee into a good land, a land of brooks of water, of fountains and depths that spring out of valleys and hills; a land of wheat, and barley, and vines, and fig trees, and pomegranates; a land of oil olive, and honey; a land wherein thou shalt eat bread without scarceness, thou shalt not lack any thing in it; a land whose stones are iron, and out of whose hills thou mayest dig brass."--Deut. viii. 7-9.
LONDON: PRINTED BY WOODFALL AND KINDER, ANGEL COURT, SKINNER STREET.
[CONTENTS]
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CONTENTS AND INDEX OF VOLUME II.
CHAPTER XII.
AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE . . .329
Wild Lands and Mode of Clearing .... 329
Soils........... 331
System of Farming....... 332
Farm Stock--Hand Labour...... 335
Implements...... . . . 336
Wheat--Barley--Oats......341, 342
Maize--Potatoes...... . . 343
Turnips and Root Crops...... 344
Hops.......... 345
Laying down Lands in Grass...... 345
Dairy Farming........ 349
Fences......350
Farm Houses and Buildings...... 353
Blights, Insect and Animal Pests..... 355
Purchase or Hire of Farm Lands . . . .356
Profits of Farming....... 357
Horticulture......... 360
Banana Blunder........ 361
Flowers--Bees--Shrubs....... 364
English Trees........ 366
CHAPTER XIII.
PASTORAL PURSUITS....... 368
The Home of the Golden Fleece..... 368
Australian Testimony....... 369
Numbers and Breed of Sheep..... 377
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PASTORAL PURSUITS--continued. .
New Zealand Wool....... 379
The Wool to Grow......382 and 394
The Negretti Breed . ..... 384
Getting up Wool........ 391
Exemption from Disease...... 395
Lambing......... 396
Sheep Farming--Squatting...... 397
Young Beginners . . . . . . . . 398
Profits of Squatting...... .399
Evils of the Squatting System..... 400
Cattle.......... 406
Horses.......... 408
Pigs.......... 410
Goats .......... 412
Taking out Choice Breeding Stock . . . .412
The Sturgeon Merinoes.....414 and 662
Dogs.......... 416
CHAPTER XIV.
GENERAL INVESTMENTS AND PURSUITS . . 417
Capitalists and Capital....... 417
Loan Company........ 420
Professional Men........ 421
Mercantile and Trading Pursuits..... 422
Retail Traders........ 424
Manufacturing Industry...... 425
Whaling......... 427
The New Zealand Flax....... 429
CHAPTER XV.
OUTFIT AND DEPARTURE PREPARATIONS . . 445
Taking Goods for Sale....... 446
Domestic Outfit........ 446
Packing...... . . . 449
Shipping Goods........ 450
Wardrobe......... 451
Ladies' Outfit........ 454
Miscellaneous Outfit....... 455
Taking Money........ 459
Letters of Introduction....... 461
Taking Servants........462
A Labourer Partner....... 465
Life Insurance........ 467
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CHAPTER XVI.
SHIPS AND PASSAGE MATTERS..... 468
The New Overland Route...... 468
New Zealand via Australia...... 474
Transient Ships...... 475
The New Zealand Lines....... 476
Choice of Ship........ 477
A Bill of Fare........ 479
Proceeding Direct to the Settlement .... 482
Colonists' Rooms........ 483
Terms of Passage, &c........ 485
Engaging Passage........ 488
Cabins and Berths....... 489
Which to Choose . . . . . . .491
Pitting up Cabins........ 493
Insurance......... 496
Time of Year for Sailing...... 497
Sea Sickness and General Health..... 498
The First Week at Sea....... 500
Occupations and Amusements..... 501
CHAPTER XVII.
THE LAND REGULATIONS...... 504
The Pre-emptive Right....... 505
The Six Systems . . ...... 507
Vestry Legislation........ 511
The Auckland Regulations . . . (See Appendix) 513
New Plymouth " ...... 517
Wellington " ...... 518
Nelson " ...... 518
Canterbury " ...... 519
Otago " ...... 519
Remarks on the Six Systems..... 520
Selling on Credit........ 521
Selling by Auction....... 523
The Evils of the Six Systems..... 525
Colonisation Quackery....... 531
Suggested Uniform System...... 533
Selling Land in England...... 539
Mr. Bridges' System....... 544
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CHAPTER XVIII.
STATISTICS AND PRICES......553
Population Table........ 555
Births and Deaths........ 556
Export and Import Tables...... 557
Cultivations and Stock ....... 558
The Infant Marine........ 558
Shipping......... 561
The New Tariff........ 561
Shop Prices......... 564
Commercial Imports . ..... 566
Price Currents........ 567
Agricultural Produce Prices, &c...... 573
Wages.......... 573
Value of Improved Properties..... 574
Postal Regulations ....... 574
Distance Table........ 578
Directory......... 578
Current Books on New Zealand . . . . . 580
CHAPTER XIX.
EMIGRATION.........583
Emigration's Enemies . . . . . . 583
Emigration Truths.......588
The National Benefits of Emigration . . . .589
The "Excess of Emigration" Cry . . . . .593
Waste Lands at Home.......594
Cohesion of our Home and Colonial Empire . . .596
A System of State Emigration.....600
How to Agitate for it.......607
Why and how Emigration is beneficial .... 608
Capitalisation of Profits......611
Increase of Social Rank.......612
Settling Families........613
Rural Life.........614
Less Care and Toil .......615
Retrenchment and Reform......616
Emigrationary Qualifications......617
Hint to Bachelors........621
The Dangers of Delay.......621
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CHAPTER XX.
EMIGRANTS, FIT AND UNFIT..... 624
Those who go to the Wrong Place..... 624
Canada and America....... 625
American Liberty........ 628
Those who should Stay at Home..... 630
Emigration Bugbears....... 633
Home and Friends....... 635
The Future......... 637
The New Life........ 638
Society, Social Life, and Amusements . . .640
Work and Play........ 645
Governesses ......... 646
Retired Genteel Families...... 646
Brussels and Boulogne Emigration . . . .649
Professional Men........ 650
Training Sons for Professions..... 653
Bachelor Heirs and their Careers..... 654
Invalids.......... 655
Tradesmen......... 657
Tenant Farmers ....... 658
The Counter and the Desk...... 659
APPENDIX:--
The Auckland New Land Regulations .... 661
The Sturgeon Merinoes...... 662
Emigration from our North American Colonies to New Zealand.........663
The Author's Address....... 664
[ERRATA]
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ERRATA IN VOL. II.
Page 555, fourteenth line, for January, 1857, read June, 1857
" 555. In Population Table read the number of Auckland Natives as 40,000 and Wellington 20,000, and consider the note as blotted out
" 558, third line, for May, 1857, read June, 1857
" 645, fifth line from bottom, for blown read bloom
