1870 - Strachan, A. The Life of the Rev Samuel Leigh - CHAPTER I. HIS EARLY LIFE...

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REMARKABLE INCIDENTS

IN THE

LIFE OF THE REY. SAMUEL LEIGH.

CHAPTER I.

CREATION was intended to afford new developements of the Divine perfections. "For the invisible things of Him from the creation of the world are clearly seen, being understood by the things that are made, even His eternal power and Godhead." It was, no doubt, the primary object of the Divine government to bring out those infinite and sublime realities with increasing perspicuity; to lay open to the inspection of angels and men the peculiarities of the Divine economy; and thus to demonstrate, with accumulative evidence, that "God is, and that He is a rewarder of them that diligently seek Him." In conformity with those principles, the stupendous events recorded in the annals of the past, whether sacred or profane, must be interpreted; and it is only under their guidance that we can trace, with any degree of accuracy, the outline of the future in the prophetic scriptures. Whilst every dispensation of God is intended to lead men to acknowledge His existence and supremacy, it is also calculated to draw them into a sweet and filial relationship to Himself.

But men generally view the aspects of Providence as they do the works of nature: the man who is struck with the magnificence and splendour of the sun seldom pauses to examine the illuminating power of the glow-worm, though in its organization the one is as illustrative of the wisdom and omnipotence of the Creator as the other. The traveller who stands in admiration as he lifts his eye and surveys the grandeur of Mount Lebanon, treads upon the violet, which is much more exquisite in its structure and colouring than the most stately cedars that adorn the scenery around him. The revelations of the telescope are wonderful; but they are not more remarkable than those of the microscope. In dealing with the fields of space and the planets, the Great Architect had ample scope for the arrangement and adjustment of His materials; but look at that minute

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form of life, scarcely perceptible to the eye when placed upon a polished surface. How surprising that animated matter should be brought within such a circumference! that the principle of life, the delicate members of the body, the various senses, and the laws of instinct, should be combined within such narrow limits!

The same heedlessness is shown in contemplating the dealings of God with men. Extraordinary occurrences awaken general attention, and fill the mind with emotions of joy or feelings of apprehension; while ordinary events are allowed to pass from our recollection, without leaving any salutary impressions behind them. We are apt to lose ourselves in generalities. We may well admire that illustrious scheme of mercy, which issued in "leading captivity captive, and in giving gifts unto men;" and adore that wisdom which added "diversity" to those gifts. For, "He gave some, apostles; and some, prophets; and some, evangelists; and some, pastors and teachers; for the perfecting of the saints, for the work of the ministry, for the edifying of the body of Christ: till we all come in the unity of the faith, and of the knowledge of the Son of God, unto a perfect man, unto the measure of the stature of the fulness of Christ."

But we must not confound with this general arrangement those particular dispensations which devolved upon individuals all those offices, and supplied them with corresponding qualifications. Paul, who, as an apostle, "was born out of due time," was sent "far hence unto the Gentiles," "to open their eyes, and turn them from darkness to light, and from the power of Satan unto God: that they might receive forgiveness of sins, and inheritance among them which were sanctified by faith" in Christ Jesus. And what did this commission imply, but a renunciation of his country, and of all the endearments of social life and of permanent friendships? The Heathen world lay before him like an illimitable desert,

"Where wilds, immeasurably spread,
Seem lengthening as ye go;"

or like a vast hospital, where all is loathsomeness and disease. This desert he was to cultivate until it should become redolent of moral beauty; and to travel from ward to ward in this hospital, distributing amongst the sick and dying the "leaves of the tree of life, which are for the healing of the nations." If he took up this commission at all, he was to take it with all its responsibilities: "He must bear my name," said Christ to Ananias, "before the Gentiles, and kings, and the children of Israel: for I will show him how great things he must suffer for

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my name's sake." With a decision and fortitude unparalleled in the history of mankind, he detached himself from all secular pursuits, and consecrated his future life to the prosecution of this great enterprise. His worst fears were more than realized in his experience: "For the Holy Ghost witnesseth," says he, "in every city, saying that bonds and afflictions abide me. But none of these things move me, neither count I my life dear unto myself, so that I might finish my course with joy, and the ministry, which I have received of the Lord Jesus, to testify the gospel of the grace of God."

With a call as distinct and valid as was that of Paul, though differing in external circumstances, did the subject of the following narrative undertake a mission to barbarous and ferocious men, from whose violence he stood "in jeopardy every hour." He was called to pass through all the variety of trials enumerated by the apostle, in the following comprehensive summary:--"In journeyings often, in perils of waters, in perils of robbers, in perils by mine own countrymen, in perils by the Heathen, in perils in the city, in perils in the wilderness, in perils in the sea, in perils among false brethren; in weariness and painfulness, in watchings often, in hunger and thirst, in fastings often, in cold and nakedness." But in him was verified the prediction of David: "He that goeth forth and weepeth, bearing precious seed, shall doubtless come again with rejoicing, bringing his sheaves with him." Before, however, conducting the reader to the scenes of his sufferings and triumphs, we shall furnish a brief account of that process by which he was prepared to discharge, with so much honour to himself and benefit to others, the momentous duties of his office.

Mr. Samuel Leigh was a native of Milton, a beautiful village one mile distant from Hanley, in Staffordshire. He was born on the 1st of September, 1785, and spent the earlier years of his life in learning and recreation. As he advanced towards the fifteenth year of his age, he became increasingly thoughtful and reflective. The solemnities of a future judgment and its consequences more deeply impressed his mind, and exercised a salutary and restraining influence over his habits and pursuits. Those impressions ripened into religious principles, which often led him to seek the solitude of the fields for devotional purposes.

There was little, at that period, in the spiritual condition of the Church of England to attract him to her altars. The Wesleyans occasionally visited the village, and conducted their service in any obscure cottage within their reach. By availing himself of all the outward helps which the established Church and the Dissenters in the neighbourhood supplied, by the daily perusal of the scriptures, and by earnest prayer, he obtained a

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sense of pardon through faith in Christ Jesus. He now felt it to be his duty to assume a public profession of religion; and, after mature consideration, united himself to the Independent church of Hanley, which was comparatively weak, and the congregation small.

His first concern was, to know in what way he could best promote the interests of this little community. He saw around him numbers, of all ages and of both sexes, living in a state of moral delirium, and hastening to perdition. It occurred to him, that, by taking a whole pew in the chapel, he might be able to persuade some of these ungodly people to attend public worship; and he had the happiness of seeing this first and ingenious experiment crowned with the most gratifying results. Were professing Christians generally to imitate the conduct of this young man, it would soon become necessary for our spiritual Israel to enlarge her tents, by lengthening her cords and strengthening her stakes. This simple but effectual method of serving the cause of Christ, may be adopted, not only by those of moderate abilities and limited means, but by all who cultivate habits of diligence, economy, and zeal. The value of time, the worth of the soul, and the importance of knowledge, were then presented to Mr. Leigh's mind in a new light, and called into vigorous exercise all his intellectual faculties.

As he "increased in wisdom and in favour with God and man," it soon became apparent to the church that he was a "chosen vessel," destined to be a standard-bearer in the "sacramental host of God's elect." His talents were first exercised in the private and social means of grace; afterwards he became a lay-helper, and went out into the adjacent villages, expounding the scriptures, and exhorting the people to "flee from the wrath to come." Though not indifferent to doctrinal truth, he was yet more intent upon converting men, than shaping his creed to a conformity to either Calvinism or Arminianism; and more earnest in his endeavours to promote the glory of Christ, in the increase and union of His church, than to advance the interests of sectarianism. Hence, for five years, he divided his labours between the Independents and the Methodists, and so conducted himself as to command the confidence and esteem of both denominations.

During the whole of this period he felt a deep conviction that he was called of God to "preach among the Gentiles the unsearchable riches of Christ;" but a veil was thrown over the field of his future labours, and the precise time when he was to enter upon his work. At that period, the Congregationalists had a seminary, of some celebrity, at Gosport, for the classical and theological improvement of candidates for their ministry.

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This institution, which was humble in its origin, but grand and philanthropic in its objects, trained several distinguished men, for various departments of usefulness in the church, both at home and abroad; men, whose names will adorn the history of the respective countries in which they laboured, suffered, and died.

The founder of this theological school was David Bogue, D.D., a native of Coldingham, near Eyemouth, Berwickshire. He received the rudiments of learning in the Grammar School of Dunce, the birth-place of the celebrated Duns Scotus. He afterwards prosecuted his studies in Greek, Latin, Hebrew, Mathematics, Philosophy, and Divinity, for nine years, at the University of Edinburgh. After taking a Master's degree, and passing through the accustomed examination as to his theological knowledge, literary attainments, and acquaintance with church-history, he was licensed as a preacher of the gospel in the Church of Scotland. Receiving an invitation to take charge of a Scotch church at Amsterdam, he went over to Holland. The Dutch Government was prepared to settle an ample income upon him for life; but he found the people so completely immersed in the pursuit of gain, and so averse from the things of God, that he declined the offer, and returned to London. Being on a visit to a friend at Tichfield, he was earnestly solicited to occupy the pulpit in the Independent chapel of Gosport. Their minister, preferring the study of the civil law to that of the gospel, had relinquished his charge, and was qualifying himself for the bar. He rose rapidly in his new profession, was knighted, and sent to India as Sir James Watson, to succeed Sir William Jones. On hearing Dr. Bogue, the church gave him a unanimous call to be their pastor. This call he accepted.

In the year 1789, George Welch, Esq., a pious and opulent banker in London, felt impressed with the necessity of doing something for the dark places of his own country, as well as for the Heathen abroad. He proposed to select a few young men, of deep piety, good natural abilities, and a moderate education, and place them under some able tutor, to be instructed in classics and theology for, at least, three years. At the expiration of that period, they were to go out as preachers of the gospel. The banker selected Dr. Bogue as the tutor, and sent him three students. Such was the origin of an institution which rapidly expanded and rose, under the supervision of the doctor, to considerable eminence.

By the advice of his friends, Mr. Leigh resolved to avail himself of the assistance which this institution offered, in the prosecution of his studies. Having agreed to the terms, which were

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three years' residence, at forty pounds per annum, he entered the academy.

One of his fellow-students was a young man from Aberdeenshire. He was a native of Henethmont, near Huntly, and had been brought up as a shepherd's boy. A returned missionary, having visited Huntly, held a public meeting; at which he gave such an account of the condition of the Heathen, and of the progress and effects of Christianity abroad, as greatly impressed the shepherd's boy, who was present on that occasion. The impressions then made upon this youth could not be obliterated. When the severity of the weather compelled the sheep to seek shelter from the storm, he was accustomed to creep in amongst them, and, while enjoying their protection and warmth, he prayed for himself and the Heathen. He soon acquired a taste for reading, and improved himself in various branches of learning and general knowledge. He excited the attention of the Independent minister of the village, the Rev. G. Cowie; who, after directing his studies for a short time, recommended him to Dr. Phillips and several other persons in the city of Aberdeen. Those gentlemen were astonished when the lad presented himself in a Highland cap, and other articles of dress, little corresponding with aspirations for literary fame. "Man judgeth by the outward appearance;" and, in this case, the evidence was decisive. He was soon ordered to withdraw; and, after some severe animadversions on the gentleman who had sent him, it was at once agreed to send him home. Before the youth was called in, Dr. Phillips expressed his regret that, before deciding his fate, they had not asked him to engage in prayer. On entering the room, they requested him to pray: he instantly fell upon his knees, and addressed God with such humility and fervour, expressing, at the same time, such thoughts and sentiments, as surprised the gentlemen present. "When they arose from their knees, they looked at each other and at the lad, and felt ashamed. They now agreed to send him to the missionary seminary at Gosport. He soon distinguished himself there. In 1812, he became the literary coadjutor of Dr. Morrison in China; and, as Dr. Milne, assisted that gentleman in the translation of the Old-Testament scriptures into the language of that country. Dr. Milne was a man of rare attainments, and of signal devotedness to the cause of Christ. After a short but brilliant career of service, he was called to receive his crown of glory in 1822.

Another of the students was the Rev. Mr. Le Brun, whose sufferings and successes, in the Isle of France, are recorded in the history of the London Missionary Society. Mr. Thom, afterwards Dr. Thom, who went out to the Cape of Good Hope,

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and became pastor of the Dutch church there, was also associated with Mr. Leigh in the various studies and duties of the institution.

The history of these four students is strikingly illustrative of the Divine sovereignty: "that not many wise men after the flesh, not many mighty, not many noble, are called: but God hath chosen the foolish things of the world to confound the wise; and God hath chosen the weak things of the world to confound the things which are mighty; and base things of the world, and things which are despised, hath God chosen, yea, and things which are not, to bring to nought things that are: that no flesh should glory in His presence."

Mr. Leigh brought into all his academic investigations and pursuits a mind thoroughly imbued with the "love of the truth," and resolved to combine the acquisition of learning with progressive piety. Nature had shaped him in a mould that gave him a peculiar adaptation for missionary work. Endowed with a robust constitution, a cheerful disposition, affable manners, and a noble and disinterested generosity, his whole character was at once transparent and attractive. His mental peculiarities were obvious to all who were acquainted with him. From the day of his conversion to the close of his public life, he seemed wholly incapable of any obliquity of purpose. His mind was quick in its perceptions, prompt in its decisions, and resolute in prosecuting whatever he took in hand. Once satisfied that the proposed object was good, in accordance with the great scheme of his life, and calculated to promote the glory of God in the improvement of man, he was deaf to all insinuations as to hardships and dangers; his only concern was to find out the readiest method of securing it, at all risks to himself. Relying on the validity of the Divine promise, "Lo, I am with you alway, even to the end of the world," his "faith laughed at impossibilities, and cried, 'It shall be done.'" This constitutional temperament rendered him an interested spectator of all that occurred around him in his new situation at Gosport. He entertained a high opinion of Dr. Bogue; and, whether he referred to him as a Christian gentleman or a tutor, he always spoke of him in strong terms of commendation.

A glance at the regulations of the establishment, the number and order of the classes, and a few days' residence, convinced Mr. Leigh that the utmost industry would be necessary, on his part, to enable him to keep pace with their educational system. No duty devolving upon the students subjected them to greater vexation than the preparation of methodical discourses, founded upon some text of scripture, which they were required to deliver in the presence of the principal and tutors of the college. As

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this was a weekly exercise, it fell upon each student with an inconvenient frequency; while the remarks and criticisms to which the discourse was subjected, extending to doctrine, arrangement, style, and manner, were not always complimentary. It requires a rare combination of parts to enable any professor to conduct such discussions to the mutual benefit of any considerable number of young men. In this establishment the results were not very satisfactory to any party. The fastidiousness and severity of the preceptor frequently led to the practice of art and deception on the part of the pupil. One of them, being very much irritated one day by the strictures which were made upon his homily, said, "Gentlemen, I forgot to inform you, at the close of my sermon, that what I had delivered embodied the substance of a very able exposition of the text by the Rev. Dr. B., of London."

After a laborious study of every branch of biblical literature, Dr. Bogue had most conscientiously embraced that system of Christian theology so ably set forth and defended in the writings of Calvin. Every divergence from the strict principles of that system was regarded by him as indicating a downward tendency to error and Arminianism. Mr. Leigh had adopted the moderate views of Baxter, and the weekly discussions referred to failed to bring him to a nearer approximation to the collegiate standard of orthodoxy. After being in the establishment for some time, he informed the doctor that investigation and prayer had produced a conviction in his mind, that Arminianism was more agreeable to the word of God than the theology of Calvin, whose dogmas appeared to him to be absurd and contradictory. Being unable any longer to approve of the doctrinal instruction given in the college, he felt that consistency required him quietly to withdraw. In this resolution the principal acquiesced, and they parted with feelings of mutual regret.

Having communicated his views and intentions to his brother-in-law, who was a member of the Wesleyan church, he mentioned the case to the Rev. Joseph Sutcliffe, M.A., on whose recommendation Mr. Leigh was received into the Society at Portsmouth; where he remained as the superintendent's assistant till the ensuing Conference. After due examination, he was accepted by the Conference, and appointed to the Shaftesbury circuit. Here he laboured, with increasing zeal and usefulness, for two years; often preaching four, and not unfrequently five, times on the Lord's day. He commenced several schools, which he found, on his return to the circuit after an absence of thirty years, in great efficiency; as also five local preachers on the Plan, who had been brought to the knowledge of Christ by his instrumentality. At the district-meeting his superintendent, the

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Rev. Benjamin Wood, desired the chairman to administer some cautionary advice to his young man, as the labours he imposed upon himself were such, that human nature could not long sustain them. The Rev. Jonathan Edmondson, M.A., who presided, remarked, that experience would teach him moderation; and that if he had not a little fervour now, he was not likely to acquire it as he advanced in life.

During this period, Mr. Leigh was keeping up a regular correspondence with his mother and sister, and in every letter reminding them of his call to the missionary work. He told them that his mind dwelt upon it in the day-time, and that in the night-season he often dreamed that he was crossing the seas with a message of peace to the Heathen; that he was detained by the authority of his mother; and that he could not leave the country comfortably until she was prepared to concur in what he believed to be the will of God. His mother was unconverted, and could see no sufficient reason for his leaving her, in old age and widowhood, to enter upon so hazardous an undertaking. In some of her letters she remonstrated, expostulated, and entreated; at other times she wrote in tears, and expressed her deep regret, that, in consequence of his obstinacy, the calamity she had long anticipated was obviously becoming inevitable. The filial submission of the son to a questionable stretch of parental authority, often affected her. Soon after he left Shaftesbury, he received a letter from her, in which she said, "Son Samuel, if the Lord has called thee to be a missionary, he will no doubt enable me to give thee up. May the Lord himself go with thee!" "On reading this letter," said he, "I felt as 'merry and lightsome' as Christian, when 'his burden was loosened from his shoulders, and fell off his back.' I sat down and wrote, by the next post, to the Rev. Joseph Benson, offering to go to any part of the world."

He had recently had an interview with Dr. Coke, at Portsmouth, who was preparing to sail for Ceylon; which had given a fresh impulse to his missionary zeal. Just at this juncture the committee received an earnest application from Montreal and Quebec, requesting that a young minister might be sent there, without loss of time. The Conference of 1814, which assembled in Bristol, appointed Mr. Leigh to North America, and sent him up to London to prepare for the voyage. Having completed his outfit, the secretaries gave him permission to visit his mother before leaving the country. "Give us your address," said Dr. Clarke; "and a promise that you will return to London by the first conveyance, after receiving our letter requesting you to do so."

Mr, Leigh took the coach for Staffordshire that night at

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eleven o'clock. On arriving at home, he found that his mother's grief at parting with her son was greatly augmented by the sudden and severe illness of his sister, who was then in a dying state. The seven o'clock post of that evening brought him a letter from the secretaries, stating that the ship was to sail immediately; that his passage was taken and paid for; and that he must come at once to London. After perusing the letter, he rose up hastily, and paced the room. The eye of a mother is always quick and penetrating. Observing his perturbed feelings, she said, "Samuel, what is the matter? tell me, directly." He replied, "I am sent for, and must go." "Always obey those who are over you," said his mother, with deep emotion, "and you will generally be right. The will of the Lord be done!" He stepped into the next room, to take a parting look at his dear sister. She had not been able to recognise him; the power of utterance was gone; and she lay, as if in a sweet sleep, in utter unconsciousness of what was transpiring around her. He knelt down by her bed-side, and, after commending her departing spirit into the hands of God, and his mother to the protection of Providence, he embraced them, and parted, to see them no more till the "resurrection of the just." Here is a scene that would not have disgraced the apostolic age: the contemplation of it is calculated to melt the most insensible heart. What a sublime subject for the pencil of the artist! How admonitory to a slumbering church; and to such of her members as dwell with self-complacency on the sacrifices they have made for the evangelization of the Heathen!

While Mr. Leigh walked from his mother's house to the coach, a distance of about a mile, he was absorbed in thought, and overwhelmed with grief. The words of David, wrung from his lips by the severity of his trials, came to his recollection, and afforded relief: "Why art thou cast down, O my soul? and why art thou disquieted within me? Hope thou in God: for I shall yet praise Him, who is the health of my countenance, and my God." Nothing, however, passed through his mind, implying a reflection on Divine Providence; he felt no misgivings as to his present duty, and entertained no gloomy or desponding apprehensions respecting the future. He took his seat on the coach that night, having been just six hours in his mother's company.

On reaching London, which he did in time for the sailing of the vessel, he was informed that a letter had been received from Montreal that morning, requesting that no missionary might be sent there for the present, as the country was in a very disturbed state. The half of the passage-money was

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returned, and the ship sailed without him. This occurrence, which was a source of disappointment and vexation to all parties, turned out to be a dispensation of "judgment and of mercy;" for, within three weeks, intelligence was received of the total loss of the vessel, and of all on board, passengers and seamen, with the exception of four individuals. Thus God continues, from time to time, to assert His supremacy: "He doeth according to His will in the army of heaven, and among the inhabitants of the earth: and none can stay His hand, or say unto Him, What doest Thou?"

Just at this time, a voice from another quarter of the globe reached the committee, saying, "Come over, and help us." As the communication is full of interest, not only as it marks the commencement of a new era in the history of the country whence it came, but also as it led to results far more extensive and glorious than could have been anticipated by the most sanguine Christian philanthropist, we subjoin the substance of it:--

"There are probably twenty thousand souls in this colony of New South Wales, natives of the British Isles, with their descendants. From the description of people sent hither, much good cannot be expected. The higher ranks of those who were formerly convicts, are, in general, either entirely occupied in amassing wealth, or rioting in sensuality. The lower orders are, indeed, the filth and offscouring of the earth, in point of wickedness. Long accustomed to idleness and iniquity of every kind, here they indulge their vicious inclinations without a blush. Drunkenness, adultery, sabbath-breaking, and blasphemy, are no longer considered even as indecencies. All those ties of moral order, and feelings of propriety, which bind society together, are not only relaxed, but almost extinct. This is the general character of the convicts, high and low; and, excepting the civil and military departments of the Government, there is no other difference than that which wealth naturally creates, in the means which it affords for greater indulgence in vice. The policy of the present Government is just, mild, humane, and encouraging. The climate is uncommonly fine and healthy, and peculiarly favourable to an English constitution. The country is beautiful and exceedingly fertile, and intersected with roads. The necessaries and luxuries of life are abundant, and easily to be obtained; and the mode of living and social habits of the people are nearly the same as in England.

"Sydney, the principal town and seat of Government, is populous and extensive. Nearly one-half of the colonists live there, and there a preacher would find much to do. Paramatta,

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a populous village, is situated sixteen miles up the country, nearly in the centre of the colony. Within from five to ten miles of Paramatta, on every side, are the following settlements; namely, Liverpool, Prospect, Concord, Baulkham-Hills, Castle-Hill, and Kissing-Point. Twenty miles inland from Paramatta lies the village of Windsor, on the banks of the Hawkesbury River. Sydney town would be the first and principal place; then Paramatta, in the centre of the settlements around it; and, lastly, Windsor, and the Hawkesbury country. At first there was but one family of Wesleyans, now we have nineteen persons meeting in class.

"We call upon you in our own behalf: leave us not forsaken in this benighted land. We call upon you in behalf of our children: let them not be left to perish for lack of knowledge. We call upon you in behalf of those who have neither opportunity nor inclination to speak for themselves: leave them not in their blood. We call upon you in the name of the outcasts of society, landing daily upon our shores: administer to them that word of life which may make their exile a blessing. Send us that gospel which you have received from the Lord to preach to every creature. Send amongst us one of yourselves, and many shall rise up and bless you.

"In order to make some provision for the cause of God amongst us, we have vested a certain sum of money in horned cattle; which sum will be allowed to accumulate by the natural increase of the cattle. We look forward with a certain confidence, by the blessing of God, to be able in a few years, from this fund, entirely to support the work amongst us. This fund we have by deed conveyed to proper trustees, to be applied exclusively to this object. We would suggest, 1. That the missionary be a single man; 2. That he be legally qualified; 3. That he be rendered independent of us and every one else in the colony; 4. That he have a good supply of wearing apparel, house-furniture, and books: in short, send us a preacher tolerably supplied with those articles, and, by God's blessing, he shall be no further expense to you."

Messrs. Bowden and Hoskins, by whom this document was signed, were formerly Wesleyan schoolmasters in London. They were recommended to the colonial chaplain by Joseph Butterworth, Esq., M.P., and appointed to take charge of the charity-schools of Sydney. They agreed to meet in class on March 6th, 1812, and held the first class-meeting on the evening of that day. There were present the schoolmasters and their wives, three of the senior girls from the school, two soldiers, and Mrs. I., and J. F.; making, in all, twelve individuals.

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A class of six members was formed at Windsor by Mr. E. He was a native of Ireland, and had been educated for the bar. In a moment of severe temptation, he committed forgery, was convicted, and sentenced to death. While preparing for the day of execution, his heart was changed, and he obtained peace with God. Several extenuating circumstances having come to the knowledge of the Government, his sentence was commuted to transportation for life. He carried into banishment the sacred scriptures, and the fear of God. He was much and deservedly respected, being intelligent, consistent, zealous, and humble. On the week-days he taught a school; and on the Lord's day went into the neighbouring villages, where he read the Liturgy and explained the word of God.

The committee regarded the appeal from Australia as the call of God, and proceeded at once to make arrangements for the departure of Mr. Leigh to that country. As the colonists had promised to pay the current expenses of the mission, the committee were of opinion that he might depend upon their making a decent provision for his maintenance. To this proposal he objected. "I go," said he, "as your missionary; depending upon you, and holding myself responsible to you for my conduct; and not as the hired agent of the colonists, of whom I know nothing." This decision prevented much subsequent misunderstanding; for the "investment of capital in horned cattle, and the conveyance of the fund accruing from that investment to trustees for the benefit of the mission," of which they had written, were found to refer rather to their good intentions, than to any practical plan they had actually adopted for the purpose of extending Christianity in the country.

On the 30th of September, 1814, Mr. Leigh appeared before Sir William Domville, Baronet, Lord Mayor of London, and made the declarations, and took the oaths, prescribed by law; "in faith and testimony whereof," said his lordship, "I have caused the seal of the office of mayoralty, of the said city of London, to be put and affixed to this licence." On October 3rd, Mr. Leigh was "set apart for the work of the ministry, by the imposition of hands, as a person well qualified to feed the flock of Christ, and to administer the holy sacraments." The parchment certifying this fact is signed by ADAM CLARKE, LL.D, F.S.A., then President; SAMUEL BRADBURN; THOMAS VASEY; and JOHN GAULTER.

It was now discovered that all attempts to establish a mission in New South Wales, without the sanction and co-operation of the Home Government, would prove abortive; and Dr. Clarke was requested to submit the case to His Majesty's Ministers. "On the 3rd of November," says the doctor, "I wrote to the

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Right Honourable Lord Viscount Sidmouth, stating that I had been applied to for a missionary to go out to New South Wales, and that I had been applied to, also, for a schoolmaster;--that the schoolmaster and mistress of our charity-school in Great Queen-street had gone out thither; and they, with several other settlers, prayed that we should send them over one of our preachers; that I had found a suitable person, Mr. Samuel Leigh, who was capable of acting in this double capacity, and for whose prudence and loyalty I did not hesitate to pledge myself; and I wished to know whether His Majesty's Government would do any thing towards accrediting the said Samuel Leigh. To this letter I received the answer and memorandum, copies of which I here subjoin.--ADAM CLARKE."

"Whitehall, November 19th, 1814.
"DEAR SIR,--I have to thank you for having favoured me with another part of the important work in which you are engaged, and for the letter with which it was accompanied. My acknowledgments have been delayed by my desire to give you, at the same time, an answer respecting Samuel Leigh; which, as I am pressed for time, you will, I hope, excuse me for enclosing in the form of a memorandum.
"I remain, with sincere esteem, dear Sir,
"Your faithful and obedient servant,
"SIDMOUTH."

"Memorandum:--The Governor of New South Wales has applied to Government for some schoolmasters to be sent out to that colony. Mr. Samuel Leigh, a person recommended by Dr. Adam Clarke, appears fit to be employed in that situation. The allowance is £50 per annum, and a passage provided at the expense of Government. If it should be considered more advisable for Mr. Leigh to go out as a missionary, the Society for Propagating the Gospel in Foreign Parts will grant him an outfit, and must (by regulation) apply to the Colonial Department for a passage, with letters of introduction to the Governor of New South Wales. No salary is allowed by Government; but if, after a residence of two years, he shall be considered by the Society as disabled by age and infirmity, £100 per annum will be granted to him for life by Government; or, if he dies in the service, a pension of £50 per annum will be allowed to his widow.--SIDMOUTH."

His lordship's kindness had assumed a form and taken a direction which the doctor had not anticipated, and which he felt to be extremely embarrassing. His reply to his lordship is dated Harpur-street, November 22nd, 1814. "I feel highly obliged," he observes, "by the very kind attention your lord-

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ship has paid to my request, relative to Mr. Samuel Leigh. But, not expecting such a favour as your lordship proposes, and finding a vessel bound for New South Wales, I had, on the strong recommendation of a friend, taken, and (but two or three days before I was honoured by your lordship's obliging offer) paid for, his passage. As I did not know of any other vessel going out for that place, and the captain proposing to sail as on this day, and some others pressing him to let them have the berth, I was obliged to close with him by paying the money. I wish Mr. Leigh to act in a twofold character,--namely, as an instructor of youth in useful learning, and a teacher of the adults in the knowledge of God, and their duty to their fellows; and for earnest, prudent, well-directed endeavours of this kind, your lordship knows, from the constitution of the colony, there must be the greatest necessity. But I am now at a loss how I can avail myself of your lordship's generous offers. I feel extreme delicacy in thus troubling your lordship, but should be very happy to receive your lordship's further directions, under the present circumstances of the case."

As the noble secretary was not prepared to sanction the double capacity in which it was proposed to send Mr. Leigh to the colony, he closed the correspondence with a dignity and courtesy becoming a great statesman:--

"Whitehall, November 30th, 1814.

"DEAR SIR,--As I find, by yours of the 22nd instant, that, you have provided Mr. Samuel Leigh with a passage to New South Wales, nothing further appears wanting to accomplish your wishes, than that of his being recommended to the Governor of the colony, to act in the capacity of schoolmaster. I shall immediately recommend Mr. Leigh to Lord Bathurst, through whom all correspondence passes with the Governor of New South Wales, who, I have no doubt, will direct the Governor to appoint him to such situation in the colony.

"I am, dear Sir,
"Your obedient servant,
"SIDMOUTH."

Each page of the correspondence is endorsed "A. CLARKE."

The necessary arrangements being completed, Mr. Leigh went on board the ship "Hebe," at Portsmouth, and joined the East and West India fleets which lay in St. Helen's Bay, waiting for sailing orders. The commodore gave the signal to weigh anchors on the morning of February 28th, 1815; and they were gently borne away from their native shores by an easy breeze. Mr. Leigh felt as others felt when casting his eyes, for probably the last time, upon the land of his fathers. The

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West-India fleet separated from them at sea, and sailed under convoy to its destination.

A violent gale sprang up on the 6th of March, which scattered the fleet, and drove the "Hebe," with several other ships, out of their course. At daylight, on the following morning, the captain observed two suspicious-looking sails bearing down upon them under a press of canvass. "Mr. Leigh," said he, "if these are privateers, we stand no chance. If they are French, those of us who may survive the skirmish will be lodged in a French prison." Mr. Leigh replied, "Sir, I am going to New South Wales as a missionary; and if I go through a French prison, it is not of much consequence to me." He felt assured that God was sending him with a special message to Australia, and relied upon Providence for protection while on his way to deliver it. The ship's papers were put into a bag, with a cannon-ball, and placed in the hands of a lady-passenger, who, at a given signal, was to throw them overboard. The captain ordered the ship to be prepared for action, the decks to be cleared, and all on board to be supplied with arms and ammunition. The bustle that ensued produced a great sensation, and led the most sceptical to look serious. The children became much excited on seeing their parents in tears, and hearing them pray to God for mercy; and, concluding that some awful calamity was coming upon them, ran about inquiring into the cause of their distress. While the enemy was taking up his position, the general order was given, "Men, be calm, be steady, obey your officers, defend yourselves!" At that moment it was discovered that one of the ships was English, and the other American, sailing under false colours. The captain of the English ship was permitted to come on board the "Hebe;" and, after a short interview, the strangers withdrew, and not a shot was fired on either side. During a few awful moments of suspense, when they expected a broadside from the enemy, and stood ready to return the fire, a gentleman-passenger became so agitated, that it was with difficulty he was restrained from committing suicide: he repeatedly attempted to throw himself into the sea, preferring, as he said, being drowned, to the casualties of a sea-fight. "All is well! all is well!" soon spread through the ship, and changed the current of feeling from fear and sorrow to one simultaneous flow of satisfaction and thanksgiving.

On the evening of the same day a storm of unusual severity came on, which continued, without much intermission, for nine days. All their live stock perished, and almost every thing on deck was swept away. They were going to throw the guns overboard, when the captain changed his mind, and ordered

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them to steer for the Bay of Biscay. They reached the Bay in safety, and rode out the storm.

This succession of trials sobered all on board, and paved the way for the introduction of a regular series of religious services. One day, during the tempest, the captain entered Mr. Leigh's cabin, and inquired whether he would oblige him by "asking a blessing before and returning thanks after their meals, and by reading prayers and preaching a sermon on the Lord's day."

Mr. Leigh, who had been waiting for an opportunity to propose a similar arrangement, cheerfully undertook those duties. But for some time their beneficial influence was completely neutralized by the inconsistent conduct of the captain himself. He was an able and vigilant officer, but an habitual swearer, and seemed to study how he might give variety of form and emphasis to his oaths. His general conduct was characterized by firmness, decision, and punctuality; while dignity and courtesy were agreeably blended in his intercourse with all on board. He had the ship's bell rung exactly at nine o'clock in the morning, and expected and required the first-class passengers to be seated when he came below to preside at the breakfast-table. When any irregularity occurred in this respect, he would express his disapprobation in oaths, and conclude by asking Mr. Leigh to say grace. This practice was amusing to the doctor and a few others, who were sceptical; frightened some of the ladies, who were delicate and nervous; but gave general offence to the more serious part of the company. Mr. Leigh felt it to be his duty to call his attention to so unseemly an exhibition. While he was thinking of the least offensive method of doing this, the captain broke out into such a paroxysm of swearing as he sat at dinner, that Mr. Leigh involuntarily leaned his head forward until it touched the table. The captain, observing this, said, with considerable emotion, "I perceive, Mr. Leigh, you do not like it." "Like what?" said Mr. Leigh. He replied, "So much swearing." "Indeed," said Mr. Leigh, "I do not; it does no good to any one, and must ultimately prove very injurious to your own interests." Addressing him, the captain said, with great solemnity of manner, "Sir, I will in future avoid a practice which evidently gives you much pain."

A few days afterwards he expressed a wish that Mr. Leigh would make it convenient to pay some attention to the children on board. "They are fifteen in number," he remarked; "they are running all over the ship; and a little discipline and instruction will, in my opinion, be of essential service to them." Mr. Leigh lifted a sheet of paper, on which he had

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written the outline of a method of instruction he had prepared; and informed him that, on its receiving his sanction, and that of the parents of the children, it should be instantly adopted. The children were to assemble at ten o'clock in the morning; the Psalms and Lessons for the day were to be read and explained; and those exercises were to be begun and concluded with singing and prayer. On the Lord's day they were to attend prayers and preaching in the forenoon, and be subjected to a general catechetical examination in the afternoon. Several of the passengers asked permission to be present during the exposition of the scriptures, while the singing drew the sailors and others in groups around the skylights, where they also could hear.

On the following Sunday, March 11th, the regular services were again interrupted. "In the morning," he remarks in his journal, "a ship was reported to be in sight. Being watched, she was observed to have her eye upon us, and to be making all sail to come up with us. As she approached, the captain concluded, after examining her with his glass, that she was an American cruiser. He ordered the decks to be cleared, the guns to be loaded, and all that could use arms to be furnished with fire-arms or cutlasses. Before coming within range of our guns, she told us by signal, that she was an English privateer. Her chief officer was allowed to come on board the 'Hebe;' and, after a little parleying, he took a glass of grog, wished us a safe voyage, and bade us good morning. We had to pass through the same ordeal in the evening, as a ship, bearing Spanish colours, seemed to be making all haste to overtake us. During the uneasiness, bustle, and confusion that ensued, it was announced, 'She has changed her course: all is well!'

"After an anxious day we retired to rest. The two following days were delightfully employed in religious duties; but, at twelve o'clock on the night of the 13th, all hands were ordered to turn out. When they mustered on the deck, the captain informed them that a large ship was close upon them; that, by the aid of the moon, he had discovered her to be a ship of war; and that resistance on their part would be useless, as one of her broadsides would send them to the bottom. They must, therefore, either submit to be taken, or, knowing their ship to be a first-rate sailer, endeavour to escape by putting on more canvass. After a moment's consultation with the officers, all hands were employed to get out of the reach of so disagreeable a neighbour. The enemy perceived their object, and sent a cannon-ball with a signal to surrender. The captain ordered the ship to lay-to. After remaining two hours in distressing suspense, an officer and twelve men boarded the

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'Hebe.' 'Our commander,' said they, 'wishes to know why you have left the convoy, and if you are in want of any thing. We are cruising for the protection of British commerce.' The captain informed them that they had been separated from the convoy by stress of weather, thanked them for their kind offer of assistance, and ordered the ship to be put under sail. The next day the weather was tremendous." How true to fact is David's description of a similar scene!--"They that go down to the sea in ships, that do business in great waters; these see the works of the Lord, and His wonders in the deep. For He commandeth, and raiseth the stormy wind, which lifteth up the waves thereof. They mount up to the heaven, they go down again to the depths: their soul is melted because of trouble. They reel to and fro, and stagger like a drunken man, and are at their wit's end. Then they cry unto the Lord in their trouble, and He bringeth them out of their distresses. He maketh the storm a calm, so that the waves thereof are still. Then are they glad because they be quiet; so He bringeth them unto their desired haven."

"March 21st.--The weather has moderated. All are now cheerful: my young people evidently improve, and the adults of every class are more attentive to their religious duties. On the 23rd we were again disconcerted by the appearance of four brigs, under circumstances that created some alarm. As our ship was well manned, and provided with arms and ammunition, the captain issued the order to prepare for action. As the brigs neared us, they hoisted friendly flags, and bore away in another direction. Good Friday was observed with due solemnity. O may we be saved by the precious blood of Christ!"

"'We have had extraordinary weather of late,' said one of the sailors. 'I expected nothing else,' said another, 'after taking Jonah on board.' 'For my part,' said a third, 'I believe the missionary to be a good man; but as he is going to convert the convicts of New South Wales, the devil seems determined to stop him if he can.' 'I have been convinced for some time,' said a fourth, 'that we shall all go to the bottom before we reach Port Jackson.' 'Well,' said a fifth, 'when we are going down, I shall keep as close to the missionary as I can; for then I shall stand some chance of getting into heaven with him.' The more sober-minded and reflective frequently remark, 'It is no wonder that we have such tempests and troubles: we are so indifferent about religion.'

"April 15th.--We have just heard of the disasters that have happened to the convoy and fleet which left England with us. Many of the ships have reached Madeira with only half their men, their masts down, and their bulwarks swept away. Blessed

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be God! we and our ship are still spared. I am pleased beyond measure with our children: they come running into my cabin during the day, to repeat hymns and passages of scripture which they have committed to memory.

"17th.--At the close of a delightful sabbath, seven of our men were sent out to raise the anchor, in doing which they capsized the boat. Only one of them could swim, and he made for the ship. "When he came alongside, he was so exhausted, that, for some time, he could not hold the rope that was thrown overboard to save him. The others seized the oars, or clung to the boat, and thus sustained themselves, until they were picked up by a boat from the ship.

"20th.--We have a fine breeze: all are in good spirits; we dwell together in peace. On the 27th, one of our men disobeyed the second mate: he was placed in irons, and afterwards put on board a man-of-war.

"May 2nd.--The passengers begin to feel the inconvenience of the heat, and to complain of the tediousness of the voyage. For the first time cards were introduced. I walked the deck until my usual time for retiring to rest. Knowing that a public reproof would be resented, I said, as I passed the card-party to my cabin, 'Good night, ladies and gentlemen. I pray God to save us this night from destruction.' This observation spoiled their game; for they soon separated, and went to bed.

"15th.--I was not able to perform Divine service last Lord's day, having fallen from the deck on to the cabin floor. My arm was nearly broken, and I was much bruised. It was truly refreshing to see the mariners and passengers sitting in different parts of the ship, reading the books and tracts which I had from time to time distributed amongst them. Our boatswain and gunner have certainly experienced the converting grace of God.

"22nd.--Last Sunday we held public worship: and a most precious season we felt it to be. The ship's bell rings at ten, that they may prepare for the service: it rings again at half-past ten, when all assemble with their Bibles and Prayer-Books. We present the appearance of a little church.

"June 1st.--Being informed that one of the officers had borrowed the gunner's Bible, I presented him with a copy, for which he seemed truly grateful. I also offered one to the captain, which he thankfully accepted, and assured me that he would not only preserve it as a memorial of our friendship, but also carefully and frequently read it. O may it be the instrument of his salvation!

"13th.--I have been on board nineteen weeks; and, thank God! I have been comfortable and happy.

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"15th.--O what a day has this been! The anticipated storm came on; and, in a short time, the sea ran mountains high. The gunner was ill, and received orders to keep his bed; but, on hearing that the men were unable to take-in the mainsheet, he jumped up and ascended the shrouds to assist his comrades. The saddle of the mainyard gave way, and he, being weak, lost his hold, and fell into the sea. His strong jacket being open, he floated on the waves. We saw him fall, and the great gulls descending upon him; but, though he remained above water more than ten minutes, the state of the elements rendered it impossible for us to save him. He had become truly pious, and I have no doubt of his salvation.

"17th.--Yesterday was a day of more than ordinary seriousness: I endeavoured to improve the death of the gunner. The captain was much moved: Lord, teach him to number his days!

"30th.--The children were examined, and gave much satisfaction. Such as could read the scriptures were presented with a Bible, and one shilling in silver."

Mr. Leigh devoted one hour, morning and evening, to the instruction of a young emigrant in Latin and geography; so that the whole of his time was profitably occupied. The Lord "confirmed the word of His servant, and performed the counsel of His messenger;" so that, no doubt, impressions were made which neither the progress of time nor the future vicissitudes of life could entirely obliterate.

They had been exposed to a heavy gale for several days in succession, when the wind suddenly and entirely ceased to blow. The sea had been stirred to its depths, and the waves continued to scud past them like a multitude of lofty mountains in pursuit of each other. The doctor, who was particularly struck with this state of the ocean, stepped up to Mr. Leigh, and observed, "If Jesus Christ were on board, you would call this a miracle." "Not at all," said Mr. Leigh; "it is not like one of His miracles." "The analogy is, in my opinion," said the doctor, "complete; for in the New Testament we read, that 'He rebuked the wind, and there was a calm.'" Mr. Leigh replied, "I have frequently observed, that gentlemen of your sentiments seldom do justice to the scriptures. The passage which you have partially quoted says, 'He arose, and rebuked the wind and the raging of the water; and they ceased, and there was a calm.'" Without a single remark the doctor retired, but returned in a short time with the New Testament in his hand. Pointing to the passage with his finger, he said, "You have quoted the text correctly. I had not previously noticed the effect of His word upon both elements. I am now prepared to admit that what is here said to have occurred is much more like

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a miracle than any thing we have witnessed to-day." From this period he treated Mr. Leigh and Christianity with marked respect; and on more occasions than one defended both, when attacked by others.

A lady from Liverpool having given birth to a daughter, a most interesting service was held on the occasion of its baptism. The name of the ship, "Hebe," was imposed upon the infant; and she was solemnly dedicated to God in the presence of the officers, the seamen, and passengers. Mr. Leigh delivered an appropriate address on the relative duties, and urged all present to an immediate and personal consecration of themselves to Christ. The religious exercises, which had been continued with but occasional interruptions throughout the voyage, had so united all parties on board, by the social and kindly intercourse they occasioned, that, when they came to separate from each other on the shores of Australia, the scene was truly affecting.

They sailed into Port Jackson on the 10th of August, 1815, after a voyage of about five months. When the captain had transferred the command of the ship to the pilot, he said, "Mr. Leigh, you have, no doubt, observed the fidelity with which I have kept my promise to abstain from swearing. I have not uttered an oath for the last four months." This gave Mr. Leigh an opportunity of reminding him, that the faithful observance of his promise was a proof of the moral power which God had bestowed upon man, and that He would hold him responsible for the due exercise of that power. He concluded by saying, "I am sure that your own mind must reflect with satisfaction upon the victory you have achieved over a sinful and an inveterate habit." "I have been at sea," said the captain, "for the last thirty years; but no previous voyage has yielded the gratification to my own mind that this has done." When the vessel was safely moored, Mr. Leigh and others went on shore.