APPENDICES
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APPENDIX I.
1. TESTIMONY OF BISHOP SELWYN.
I saw your friend, Rev. R. Davis, a short time before his death, I and commended him to the God, to whom his spirit was ready to I fly away and be at peace.
2. ADMIRAL FITZROY'S HIGH ESTIMATION OF MR. DAVIS AND THE OTHER MISSIONARIES AT WAIMATE.
The appearance of three English houses at Waimate, the agricultural establishment of the Church Missionary Society, surrounded by outhouses, gardens, and cultivated fields, was striking and delightful. I looked at it as a fragment of Old England. About twenty acres of land seemed to be cultivated. Corn was in full ear, and looked well. There were nice gardens, which had evidently profited by much industrious care, and knowledge of gardening. My hasty survey was stopped by the approach of a person, whose appearance and manner showed THAT HE WAS AN ESSENTIAL ACTOR IN THIS ENGLISH SCENE, AND WHOSE INTELLIGENT, KIND, AND TRULY RESPECTABLE DEMEANOUR WAS OF THAT DESCRIPTION WHICH AT ONCE EXCITES ESTEEM AND GOODWILL. This was Mr. Davis, the superintendent of the farming establishment. Near the houses a number of sheep were grazing. Plenty of fowls, geese, and pigs, some cattle and horses, and several calves and colts, added to the comfortable, farm-like appearance. We accompanied Mr. Davis into his house for a few minutes, walked over the garden and farm, looked at the farm-yard, barn, and mill, and returned to dinner. A little room used by Mr. Davis pleased me much; for, in addition to clever contrivances and good carpentry, it contained a collection of excellent books, and a frame, on which an unfinished plan of the Society's farm bore testimony to the nature of the in-door occupations of
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our host. I did not expect to see much indication of reading, certainly none of drawing, in a newly-built house, standing in the midst of a tract of New Zealand which two years previously was covered with fern. In the garden, European vegetables seemed to thrive, and the farm-yard was quite English. A large barn, built entirely by natives under Mr. Davis' direction, a blacksmith's shop, carts and farming implements, successively engaged our attention. In the barn, a surprising work for the New Zealanders, two natives were thrashing, and a winnowing-machine was attended by a third. The mill and mill-dam were well worth examination, as good works of their kind. An embankment (made entirely by natives) had changed the upper part of a small valley into a large pond, and on the middle of the pond-head, or embankment, stood the mill. When at last the mill was finished and in full operation, nothing could exceed the surprise and delight of the natives, especially of those who had assisted in the work. They called it "a ship of the land." "Wonderful white men," said they; "fire, water, earth, and air are made to work for them by their wisdom, while we can only command the labour of our own bodies." A thriving, young English oak, near Mr. Davis' house, 1 augured well; for where English oaks succeed, many other useful trees will certainly grow. Several younger saplings, just fit for transplanting, occupied a part of Mr. Williams' well-stocked garden; and these interested me more than all the other plants and trees in the garden taken together. A living, healthy English oak was a sight too rare, near the Antipodes, to fail in exciting emotion.
I was much struck by the harmony and apparent happiness of those families, whose cheerful hospitality I was enjoying. An air of honesty, and that evident tranquillity of mind which can only be the result of a clear conscience, offered a forcible contrast to the alleged gloom and selfishness of which some missionaries have been accused by those whose society was not, perhaps, even tolerable to them, because of their vicious habits and indulgences. It was also very gratifying to me to mark the lively interest taken by Mr. Williams, Mr. Davis, and Mr. Baker in every detail connected with the Fuegians. Their anxiety about the South
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American aborigines generally, about the places where missionaries might have a chance of doing good, and about the state of the islands in the Pacific Ocean, GAVE ME A DISTINCT IDEA OR THE PREVALENCE OF TRUE MISSIONARY SPIRIT. With sincere regret I took leave of the residents at Waimate. Instead of hours, I could have passed days with them, had other duties allowed of following my own inclination.
3. OBITUARY OF THE REV. RICHARD DAVIS, OF NEW ZEALAND, IN THE CHURCH MISSIONARY RECORD.
Another of the old standard-bearers in New Zealand has recently been taken to his rest.
Mr. Davis arrived in New Zealand while the natives were still in heathenism, and bound by the yoke of the complex tapu system. He saw the dawn after a long night of preliminary toil and patient and prayerful waiting, and rejoiced over the first instances of conversion. One of the very earliest was the old chief Rangi. The opening of this man's mind to the perception of Gospel light and truth was in the highest degree encouraging and interesting to the missionaries of those days.
This and similar cases ushered in that wide-spread desire for Christian instruction which exhibited itself so unmistakably in 1839. So rapid was the progress of inquiry, that in July 1840 the missionaries, Williams, Maunsell, and Davis, reported that there were not fewer than 30,000 natives under instruction. "Perhaps," adds the then Rev. W. Williams, now Bishop of Waiapu, "there is not any one mission belonging to our Society on which a larger measure of God's blessing has been poured out than on New Zealand. The population, as a body, profess Christianity."
On Trinity Sunday, 1843, Mr. R. Davis, having been ordained deacon, was placed in charge of villages distant from the Waimate from five to thirty miles, having his residence at a central spot called Kaikohe, in the neighbourhood of the chief Heke, who, the next year, having cut down the flag-staff at Kororarika, came into armed collision with the Government. It was just at this time that, the mission-house at Kaikohe being finished, Mr. Davis was about to remove his family thither from the Waimate. The excitement among the natives was very great, and it became a
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question whether, under such circumstances, it was safe to go on; but Mr. Davis was willing to do so at all hazards. Thus these devoted servants of the Lord placed themselves in the very midst of the hostile natives; nor were they otherwise than respected by the insurgent chief. "Heke," Mr. Davis observes, "has not been unmindful of us. If we had not been here, it is probable that this would have been made the scene of conflict; but he promised it should not be so, and up to this time he has kept his word."
In January 1846 the insurrection was crushed, through the midst of it our missionary and his family being preserved uninjured. "We thankfully record," he observes, "the goodness and faithfulness of God toward us in this season of trial. Not a hair of our head has been suffered to fall to the ground."
Mr. Davis had now to address himself earnestly to the up-hill work of recovering the ground which had been lost, and reviving the action of Christianity amongst the natives. Nor was he left without encouragement. Many interesting facts occur in the notices of his patient labour from year to year. Amongst others is the conversion and baptism of the chief Maika, one of the warriors in the recent disturbances; and, as the result of this man's example and earnest efforts amongst his people, many were aroused, and backsliders, with sorrow for the past, retraced their steps. In the midst of these labours the missionary was called upon to visit Heke in his last illness. At first he was repulsive in his manner: afterwards, as sickness became more heavy, and death was evidently approaching, he grew attentive and serious, and professed to look to Christ for mercy; and in that state he died. His death was a relief. "Since the death of Heke we have enjoyed peaceful serenity in our atmosphere, to which we were previously almost strangers. O for gratitude to the Giver of this blessing! The people of this place appear to enjoy their deliverance from that tyranny and oppression, to which they were subject during his lifetime."
Mr. Davis has now entered into rest himself. He had passed through the miseries of one war. The Lord removed him before, in his old age, his heart was saddened by the sorrow of another. That war is now in full action. They, who might have been rendered staunch friends and loyal subjects, through gross mismanagement have been alienated. Excluded from the rights of British
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subjects, disqualified from a vote in the colonial elections, denied the power to appropriate a portion of their own lands to the support of their own native clergy, they were rendered distrustful, until, combining for mutual security, they aimed to possess, and have recognised as their rightful position, a semi-independence. This has been refused, and the result is war; a war which might have been avoided, and which no right-thinking person can regard in any other light than that of a great national calamity. May the good Lord bring it to a speedy termination, and avert the evil consequences of which we are apprehensive!
4. DESCENDANTS OF REV. RICHARD DAVIS.
Children.
1. MARY ANN DAVIS, m. to Rev. Joseph Matthews, Missionary at Kaitaia.
2. MATILDA DAVIS, m. to William Puckey, Missionary at Kaitaia.
3. SERENA DAVIS, m. to Rev. Henry Butt, Incumbent of Blenheim, Marlborough.
4. JAMES DAVIS, residing on his own estate at Swarraton, in Waimate, m. Caroline Iselton.
5. WILLIAM DAVIS, residing on his own estate at Woodrow, in Waimate, m. Eleanor Norris.
6. JANE DAVIS, m. to E. M. Williams, Resident-Magistrate of Waimate, residing at Puketona.
7. MARGARETTA ELEONORA MARELLA DAVIS, m. to James Alfred Bedggood of Roseburn, in Waimate.
8. SOPHIA LOUISA DAVIS, m. to James Kemp, residing on his own estate at Ahu, near Waimate.
9. JOHN KING DAVIS, born 10th February 1858.
Grandchildren:--Children of Mrs. Matthews.
1. RICHARD HENRY MATTHEWS. 2. ROBERT NOBLE HERBERT MATTHEWS. 3. ELIZA ANNE MATTHEWS. 4. EARNEST WILLIAM DAVIS MATTHEWS. 5. MARY SOPHIA LOUISA MATTHEWS. 6. SAMUEL HAYWARD FORD MATTHEWS.
Children of Mrs. Puckey.
1. WILLIAM GEORGE PUCKEY. 2. EDWARD WALTER PUCKEY. 3. MARY SERENA PUCKEY. 4. MARGARITA JANE PUCKEY.
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5. CHARLES ISELTON PUCKEY. 6. RICHARD HENRY MARTYN PUCKEY. 7. ANNIE MATILDA SOPHIA MARELLA PUCKEY. 8. FRANCIS JAMES PUCKEY.
Children of Mrs. Butt,
1. LUCY JANE BUTT. 2. JOHN MARTEN BUTT. 3. MARY SERENA BUTT. 4. GEORGE FREE BUTT. 5. HENRY FRANCIS BUTT. 6. SOPHIA FRANCES BUTT.
Children of James Davis.
1. MARY EMILY DAVIS. 2. RICHARD COLEMAN DAVIS. 3. JOHN NOBLE COLEMAN DAVIS. 4. ANNIE MARIA ELLEN DAVIS. 5. CLARA ELIZA ALICE DAVIS.
Children of Mrs. Williams.
1. HENRY EDWARD WILLIAMS. 2. THOMAS SYDNEY WILLIAMS. 3. MARY ANNE WILLIAMS. 4. ALLEN WILLIAMS. 5. JOSEPH HEATHCOTE WILLIAMS. 6. ALFRED OWEN WILLIAMS. 7. GEORGE COLDHAM WILLIAMS. 8. ARTHUR WILLIAMS. 9. ELLEN JANE WILLIAMS.
Children of Mrs. Bedggood.
1. RICHARD HUGH BEDGGOOD. 2. HENRY FRANCIS BEDGGOOD. 3. MARY DAVIS BEDGGOOD.
Children of Mrs. Kemp. .
1. FRANCIS JAMES KEMP. 2. MARY EDITH KEMP. 3. CECIL RICHARD DAY KEMP. 4. CHARLOTTE KEMP. 5. ETHEL JANE KEMP.
The descendants of Rev. Richard Davis now amount to nine children, forty-two grandchildren, five great-grandchildren, and four grandchildren by marriage.
APPENDIX II.
1. CONFERENCE at Keri Keri, 15th November 1825, between the MISSIONARIES OF THE CHURCH MISSIONARY SOCIETY and 'HONGI, and other MAORI CHIEFS, to dissuade the Chiefs from going to war, taken down by Mr. Davis on the spot, and by him transmitted to the Author. This was the FIRST Conference of the kind ever held in New Zealand.
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Missionaries.--As we understood you would be principally here at this time, that is, the chiefs of this district, we wished to see you, that we might express our good-will towards you, as not having had so favourable an opportunity since we have been on the Island.
'Hongi. --I suppose you are come to endeavour to hinder us from going to fight.
Missionaries.--Our friends feel very much for you. Their love is great. They are glad to hear of your improvement in agriculture, etc.
Once we were as you are, clad as you are, with houses similar to yours, but you see now we possess all things. Our friends seeing you had nothing, no axes, no blankets, no corn, no pigs, no potatoes, etc., sent a ship to visit you, commanded by Captain Cook. Since then several others have come, and within these ten years missionaries have resided among you at the hazard of their lives.
Rawa.--What?
Missionaries.--We knew that the "Boyd" had been taken by the natives of Wangaroa, and that the whole of her crew had been murdered by them. And were it not for the missionaries living on shore amongst you, the shipping would not visit the Island as they do.
Chiefs.--True, true.
Pakida.--Yes; the missionaries' forefathers lived in houses similar to ours.
'Hongi.--Yes; and clothed themselves with dog-skins, the same as you are now wearing, pointing to one of his countrymen who was clothed with dog-skins.
Missionaries.--Missionaries came amongst you that you might learn to farm, and instead of being poor and having nothing to eat but fern-root, and sometimes very little of that, that you might have farms and houses, clothes, cows, and horses, etc., as the English have in Port-Jackson and in Europe.
'Hongi.--They must have their bad hearts thrown away before they can see the good of these things.
Uduroa.--I thought the people of Rangi-houa ought to have understood the nature of these good things most, as the white people have been among them for a long time.
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Missionaries--The missionaries have already been sufficiently long on shore for many of you to have learnt the civil arts of life, such as carpentering, blacksmithing, shipbuilding, reading, writing, etc.
'Hongi.--If the ship had been built at Te Keri-Keri, I should have understood it.
Chiefs.--The children are the best to learn these things.
Titori.--Ah! but when will they learn?
Chiefs.--They have learnt already, and there is not a letter or word in the book but they can tell.
Titori.--Indeed! then they will learn, truly.
Missionaries.--Those that understand the book best in England are the greatest and most useful men.
'Hongi.--Yes; the gentlemanship of the English is not altogether derived from their forefathers, but from their great learning.
Pakida.--If we had the same desire to learn the European arts, as we have to learn our own nonsense, we should have understood many things before now.
Missionaries.--You are very forgetful.
'Hongi.--Yes, we are. If we understood the book we should not forget.
Missionaries.--You have received vast quantities of tools, but where are they? You have had vast quantities of potatoes, but where are they? You have had vast quantities of pigs, but where are they? Have you anything now but the land, which no one can take away, and the present crop in the ground? Are you not as you were before you obtained those axes, and hoes, etc?
Your potatoes and pigs, etc., have been sold for muskets and powder. The powder is gone to smoke, and your muskets are continually breaking. And the reason that you have not learnt the knowledge of the useful arts of life from us is, every season you have gone all away to the southward to war.
We hear that you are now about preparing another expedition, and we cannot but express our fears that many of you will be killed. You remember well the past fight, when so many were killed and wounded. The field of battle is the field of death. If you go to kill the enemy, you know they will also endeavour to kill you. Had you remained at home the last time,
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as we wished you, your friends who were killed would have been now with you. By continuing in the present state of mind, you may fight with your enemies, and they with you, until you are nearly all cut off.
We are exceedingly sorry for the death of those who were killed, and for those who were wounded. Should you proceed to the war, you will be sorry yourselves when you find many of your relatives are killed, that you did not take our advice.
'Hongi. --Yes; we shall be sorry.
Hihi.--Your words press ours down. You do not give us time to speak for ourselves.
Missionaries.--Well, we can but speak to you, and express our love. Is it not from love that we have thus addressed you?
Rawa.--It is, truly. Stop till we return from war, and we will all learn the good things.
'Hongi.--Yes, truly. The white people have spoken to us from love.
Missionaries.--We are afraid some of you will be killed. In the last fight Charley was killed, Toutiri was killed, with many others. If you go to kill your enemies, are you not likely to be killed yourselves?
Answer.--Yes, indeed.
Missionaries.--Are you sure that neither of you here present will be killed if you go to fight?
'Hongi.--Can you tell which of us will be killed 1
Missionaries.--No; but in going to war do you not rush into the arms of death, as from a frightful precipice?
'Hongi.--A man that hath a large loving heart for his friends who have been killed, will bid the world farewell, and jump from the precipice.
Missionaries.--The enemy knows of your coming, and will prepare to fight you accordingly, and consequently you run yourselves into danger and death.
'Hongi.--Yes, yes; it is true we do rush upon death.
Missionaries.--What satisfaction is it to you thus to go to fight, as you know that some of you will be killed?
'Hongi.--When we fight there are but few of us killed, and many of the others, and that is a satisfaction.
Pakida.--Our war and fighting were sown into our hearts by
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our parents, as your learning was sown into your hearts by your parents.
'Hongi.--When we have killed our enemies we shall be at rest.
Missionaries.-- Our forefathers were like you. They fought till they had nearly killed each other. And the people of an adjacent island, seeing their weakness, went over and took their country from them. And if you proceed in this way it may be the same with you.
'Hongi.--Yes, it may.
Missionaries.--Is there not an island near this? And may not the people of that island take the same advantage of you?
'Hongi.--No; there is no danger of that.
Missionaries.--We are much grieved on account of the death of Charley and others. It grieved us much to see his bones brought back, and also to see Moka and other chiefs return wounded and disabled. Surely you have no regard for yourselves or your friends, or you would leave off fighting.
'Hongi.--The love of Charley for his friends who were killed some time ago was the cause of his death.
Missionaries.--If you who are here present go to the fight, and three of you are killed, what will the others do?
'Hongi.--Why, go and fight again. And if they should be killed also, they would rejoice to go into the other world to be with their departed friends. And those who are left alive must make peace.
Missionaries.--Were you sorry or glad when you returned from the last fight?
Answer.--Very sorry indeed.
Missionaries.--If you go again and many of you are killed, what will be your joy when you return?
Answer.--Some of us may be killed.
Missionaries.--We can but speak to you. We wish to do you good, and your children. We wish to teach your children as our own. We ask no payment. Is there any love in this? Some of you have visited our countries, and have seen that the people can read and write. This knowledge they pay a great price for. You have had many things from us, but at this time, as we told you before, you only possess your land. If you were to sit quiet at home and cultivate your lands, and learn the book, you would
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soon become like us. There is a vessel now building which would take your articles of trade to Port-Jackson, where you may dispose of them to good advantage. For instance, if you were to saw timber, the plank would sell well. If you were to cultivate your lands in a proper manner, which you have now an opportunity and the advantage of doing, you may load the vessel with wheat, which article would also sell well. If you were to dress a quantity of flax, it would be sure to fetch a good price in the colony. In the prosperity of other islands you may see the nature of your own advantages.
'Hongi.--Well, our fighting will soon be over.
Missionaries.--If you go to the fight and are killed, it would be but little consequence if it were not for the anger of God. Those of you who are killed will go to the place of fire, and be slaves to the evil spirit. This we know to be true, because it is written in the book of God. We have now concluded. Is it not from love that we have thus spoken to you?
1 Answer.--Yes; it is from love indeed.
Missionaries.--We pray for you every day that God may change your hearts, that God may bless you with new hearts, that you may leave off fighting.
Titori.--The man that was killed in our last fight was a great man. Our present expedition cannot be put off.
'Hongi.--My heart is as hard as a piece of wood. I cannot stop. I must go. I must kill that one man, "Toho," (meaning the principal chief of Kai-Para.) But I do believe you have thus spoken to us out of love.
Titori.--When we return, if any of us are killed, you will say it is our own fault.
'Hongi.--If we go, and the people run away, we will not pursue them.
Missionaries.--Should those people come here to fight you, it would be well for you to fight them. The great God is as angry with them for fighting as He is with you.
Pakida.--Yes; truly.
Rawa.--How should you like for me to learn the book when I return?
Missionaries.--Very well indeed. Perhaps you may be killed in battle.
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'Hongi.--I shall not be long away if I am not killed.
Rawa.--We shall soon return to go to Port-Jackson.
Missionaries.--War is a bad thing.
'Hongi.--A bad thing indeed.
Missionaries.--It would be better for you not to go.
Pakida.--If the chiefs stand up to fight, the poor men must stand up with them. We have now nearly finished our canoes, and if we were not to go we should be cut off with sickness. But when we return we will burn them.
Missionaries.--We have taken down your names who are here present, and when you return we will call over the list.
Rawa.--When we return we will break up our canoes, if any of us whose names you have written in the book are missing. If we fight some of us may be killed. If we do not fight we shall return in safety.
Missionaries.--In addition to our love for you, if we were not thus to point out to you the danger you run yourselves into by going to war, and the heinous sin you commit against God by so doing, God would punish us for neglect of duty, and we should be obliged, in part, to bear the burden of your transgressions.
2. LETTER from the Chief TAIWANGA to the AUTHOR, in Maori and English. The FIRST Letter ever written to England by a Native of New Zealand.
MARDENE PELE, Octr. 23d, 1826.
E MARA E KOMENE,--Te nei ano taku korero. Kia koe, kamahue ano taku nei i'anga Kino. Ka nui ra oki taku nei matakuranga ki nga mahi kino o te tangata maodi. Ko te mivonari kuakina ki au te tini i'anga omatou nei ngakau. Ka tini o matou karakia ki te Atua. Awe! ki te ngutu kau omatou karakia, ki hai tu ki te ngakau. Me aki e tu pea i te kaha o te waidua o te Atua. Ko te pai oki tenei ki au. Kia waka pono ki te Atua, kia wakarerea te tini mea kino, kia tahaudi atu kia Ta. E mara ka mate taku ngakau kia kia ho atu tetahi kai taka mou. Ko te Reweti i mea mai a mua atu. E mara ka mate taku ngakau ki tetahi kahua ra tapu moku, kotahi koti, kotahi tanautete, kotahi weketi, koti potai, me tetahi i'ou, me te tokena. E pai
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ano adua paraikete matoutoudu ki au mo taku mo enga. Te na kikata koutou ki taku nei tuhituhi.
KO TAIWANGA.
English Translation.
SIR, MR. COLEMAN,--These are my words to you. My evil works are all done with. My understanding is indeed great of the many wicked works of the New Zealanders. The missionaries have revealed to us the deceitfulness of our hearts. Many are the prayers we pray to God. But alas! our prayers are only from the lips, they do not come from the heart. By and by, perhaps, they may come from the heart, by or through the strength of the Spirit of God. This is the good thing to me, to believe in God, to cast away my bad deeds, and to turn to Him. Sir, my heart is very bad to send you some mats, but Mr. Davis says, at a future time. Sir, my heart is very bad for some clothes for the sacred day; one coat, one trousers, one waistcoat, one hat, with some shoes and stockings. Two thick blankets would be very acceptable to me for my bed. Don't you laugh at my writing.
KO TAIWANGA.
3. LETTER from COLEMAN DAVIS AUHEKE, a hopeful Native Youth living in the Family of Mr. Davis, to the AUTHOR. Translated into English.
MY DEAR COLEMAN,--The good friend of Davis, here am I sitting at the Waimate thinking of God. Hear thou what I have to say respecting my place of abode. I have just commenced writing to you. Here am I sticking close to my father Davis. He is here bearing the good news of Jesus Christ to New Zealanders. Wo are constantly urging them. Praying are we to the Lord to cause His love to descend upon all men of the world. Although at a distance thou, hearing constantly am I of your speech. The New Zealanders will presently go to war. From the evil of their hearts they persist in wickedness. O friend, I have heard from mother's letter (letter of Mrs. Coleman) of the good things of God. The people are but few who desire to receive the words of the Lord. Some are thinking of guns and powder. Here are the missionaries urging us to cast away the things of this evil world,
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making known to us the words of Jesus Christ, beseeching us speedily to cast away the evil things of the Maori (native) world.
This is my speech to you concerning the things of this land. This is my desire to receive of the things of heaven. Do you pray for us Maori (native) men? Here are we working at the gardens, at the farms. Here also are we working at houses. O friend, we are praying that the Maori (native) men may be turned, that their hearts may go out after Jesus Christ, our Parent in heaven. This is right, O friend! This is the best thing for me. Let my thoughts be fully turned to the Lord. This is right thing for the believing people. O friend! O the Coleman! Six years I have lived at the house of instruction, have heard the good word of God. Here are the missionaries of Paihia, of Kerikeri, of Rangihoua, offering praise to the Lord. O friend! O good friend of my father! Here are my thoughts within me. The men, the evil tribe of this land are full of evil. All the men are at evil, working the works of the evil spirit. The Maori (native) men are going on darkly, they will not see the things of heaven. The things of the Lord are foolishness to them. I have nothing more to say. One word more. A great number of men are going to war, and presently will fight. O friend, the good friend of my father, here are we sitting at New Zealand! We are constantly thinking of the inhabitants of the world. The believing people are preserved. The Lord will preserve us by day and by night. Here are some persons thinking of Jesus Christ. The tribe is very small who are inclined well towards the Lord. This is my book to you.
From the son of Davis, from AUHEKE.
To COLEMAN.
4. LETTER from the Chief PARATENE (BROUGHTON) to MRS. COLEMAN, dictated by him to Mr. Davis.
WAIMATE, NEW ZEALAND,
January 25, 1834.
MY DEAR FRIEND,--I saw some time ago your very good letter to me, and received the good things of this life which you and the ladies sent me for the benefit of my body. For these things I am thankful.
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My friend, I salute you. Here I am sitting with my evil nature, thinking upon God for us and for my people. Here lies evil in the innermost part of my heart. I must think towards God for the salvation of my soul. I have heard from your letter that I must be careful not to be puffed up. You have told me to be jealous of myself; but alas! the fleshly heart is not jealous. But here I am praying to God to keep and preserve my heart from sinning against Him. The words contained in your letter are words of truth. I have heretofore been a very wicked man. I have been a cruel man. I have been a thief. It is from the missionaries that I have heard the word, which has made me attentive to the things of God. These are part of my words to you: Pray for me, that I may do well. I hope I shall not forget to pray for you. I find my heart hard to learn. I am jealous of my sin. The things of this world will not satisfy my soul, the things of God alone will do it. These are my thoughts and desires, that I, and my wife and children, and all people, may be saved through Jesus Christ. My heart is at times made joyful by the preaching of the missionaries. But while I am sometimes joyful through hope, I am at other times made sorrowful through sin that dwelleth in me.. It is from the strengthening influence of the Holy Spirit that I am enabled to go out to preach the good news of salvation to the surrounding tribes. Formerly it was not so. When I went out, it was for some wickedness or other, which my evil heart delighted in. I hope my heart has been made sacred by the Holy Spirit, and it is from thence that I have been enabled to do as I have done. I am not afraid of the evil words of man. Let his words remain with himself. But I am jealous and fearful of my evil, natural heart. May the name of Christ be always sacred to my heart!
I now have just a word for my friend Mrs. Coleman. I salute you, my friend. I received a letter first from you. In that letter you requested me to beware of the temptations of Satan. Here am I praying daily to God for US ALL. Does the word of God grow in my tribe, or does it not? My thoughts are lifted up to God every day. I am praying to God to reveal to me the hidden evils of my heart, that I may not deceive myself, and lose my soul. Although our bodies are at a great distance from each other, yet let our souls cleave as one to Christ. Were it not for the evil
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hearts, the deaf, unheeding hearts, which we carry within us, we (the people of this land) would have been saved ere this time. At present, my soul rejoices in God as MY God. The only thing I desire for myself, for my wife, and for my children, is God. It is my wish to possess the Spirit of Christ, and to be guided by Him. Sin is the destruction of mankind, and I have much of that in my heart. Formerly it broke out in outrageous acts of wickedness, but now, although I feel it within, it does not reign.
I have now a word to say to the ladies who sent me the kind present of clothes for myself, for my wife, and for my children. For these things I am thankful, because they are good for my body. These things are well in their places, but, like all other things of this world, they perish in using, but the word of God endureth for ever.--Hi oi ano aku kupu ki a koutou,
NA TE PARATENE.
January 26th.
MY DEAR MRS. COLEMAN,--The above I wrote yesterday from the Chief Broughton's mouth, sentence by sentence, as it was delivered by him. It is quite a jumble of sentences, and those sentences are disrobed of much of their beauty by translation. He is a person of much thought and animation, and I have no doubt but his name is written in the Lamb's book of life. He is much laughed at and jeered by some, but as he has now lived an exemplary life for some time, he is much respected by others. His conversation yesterday to me was of that kind which tends to cheer the heart of a missionary. What a miracle of mercy! But what do I say? Surely every Christian is a miracle of mercy as much as Broughton the New Zealand chief. The Lord's cause, I trust, continues to grow, and the Gospel literally rules here in the midst of its enemies. Broughton, to all appearance, values letters more than he does anything. Those letters, or rather what is contained in them, furnish him with new matter for his conversations with his own and other tribes. He cannot yet read the Bible fluently, but every little encouragement seems to act as a stimulus to his learning. Mr. Broughton has just sent him out several valuable presents, accompanied with a letter. The presents he duly appreciates, but the letter he thinks much of. Mr. Broughton, among other things, has sent him a copy of the Pil-
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grim's Progress, part of which I read to him yesterday. He was much struck with the characters contained therein, particularly with that of OBSTINATE, because, he said, it so much resembled that of many of the natives.
Alas! what great need there is for watchfulness, lest we should depart from that simplicity which is in Christ Jesus! Indeed, we require watering every moment, and keeping night and day, or we should soon fall away, and speedily depart from that simplicity which is so needful to the Christian character, and without which the name of Christian is but an empty appellation. These poor natives require a great deal of care to keep them from falling into error, and so deceiving their own souls. I am often led to fear, and to say, "Who is sufficient for these things? May the Lord prepare us all for greater degrees of usefulness here, and for the joys of His kingdom hereafter! Our stay in this world cannot be long. Changes are at hand. I believe they are much nearer than they are considered to be. The CHRISTIAN WORLD is in a sad, dark, dead-alive state. MANY TALK WELL, BUT THERE ARE, I FEAR, BUT FEW WHO WALK WELL. Where religion does not beget the spirit of Christ, it is spurious and deceptive. That we may be all of the happy number who shall hail the Redeemer's appearing with joy, is the fervent prayer of,--My dear Mrs. Coleman, yours most truly in our dear Lord,
RICHARD DAVIS.
APPENDIX III.
TREATY OF WAITANGI from a Copy printed at the Government Press, Auckland.
Her Majesty Victoria, Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, regarding with her royal favour the native Chiefs and Tribes of New Zealand, and anxious to protect their just rights and property, and to secure to them the enjoyment of peace and good order, has deemed it necessary, in consequence of the great number of her Majesty's subjects who have already
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settled in New Zealand, and the rapid extension of emigration both from Europe and Australia which is still in progress, to constitute and appoint a functionary properly authorized to treat with the aborigines of New Zealand for the recognition of her Majesty's sovereign authority over the whole or any part of those islands. Her Majesty, therefore, being desirous to establish a settled form of civil government with a view to avert the evil consequences which must result from the absence of the necessary laws and institutions alike to the native population and to her subjects, has been graciously pleased to empower and authorize me, William Hobson, a Captain in her Majesty's Royal Navy, Consul, and Lieutenant-Governor of such parts of New Zealand as may be, or hereafter shall be, ceded to her Majesty, to invite the Confederated and Independent Chiefs of New Zealand to concur in the following Articles and Conditions:--
Article the First.
The Chiefs of the Confederation of the United Tribes of New Zealand, and the separate and independent Chiefs who have not become members of the Confederation, cede to her Majesty the Queen of England, absolutely and without reservation, all the rights and powers of sovereignty which the said Confederation or individual Chiefs respectively exercise or possess, or may be supposed to exercise or to possess, over their respective territories as the sole sovereigns thereof.
Article the Second.
Her Majesty the Queen of England confirms and guarantees to the Chiefs and Tribes of New Zealand, and to the respective families and individuals thereof, the full, exclusive, and undisturbed possession of their lands and estates, forests, fisheries, and other properties which they may collectively or individually possess, so long as it is their wish and desire to retain the same in their possession; but the Chiefs of the United Tribes and the individual Chiefs yield to her Majesty the exclusive right of preemption over such lands as the proprietors thereof may be disposed to alienate, at such prices as may be agreed upon between the respective proprietors and persons appointed by her Majesty to treat with them in that behalf.
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Article the Third.
In consideration thereof, Her Majesty the Queen of England extends to the natives of New Zealand her royal protection, and imparts to them all the rights and privileges of British subjects.
W. HOBSON, Lieutenant-Governor.
Now, therefore, We, the Chiefs of the Confederation of the United Tribes of New Zealand, being assembled in Congress at Victoria, in Waitangi, and we, the Separate and Independent Chiefs of New Zealand, claiming authority over the tribes and territories which are specified after our respective names, having been made fully to understand the provisions of the foregoing Treaty, accept and enter into the same in the full spirit and meaning thereof: in witness of which, we have attached our signatures or marks at the places and the dates respectively specified.
Done at Waitangi, this sixth day of February, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and forty.
A LITERAL TRANSLATION INTO ENGLISH, made in NEW ZEALAND, of the MAORI VERSION of the TREATY.
Victoria, the Queen of England, in her gracious remembrance of the Chiefs and Tribes of New Zealand, and through her desire to preserve to them their chieftainship and their land, and to preserve peace and quietness to them, has thought it right to send them a gentleman to be her representative to the natives of New Zealand. Let the native Chiefs in all parts of the land and in the islands consent to the Queen's Government. Now, because there are numbers of the people living in this land, and more will be coming, the Queen wishes to appoint a Government, that there may be no cause for strife between the Natives and the Pakehas, who are now without law: It has therefore pleased the Queen to appoint me, WILLIAM HOBSON, a Captain in the Royal Navy, Governor of all parts of New Zealand, which shall be ceded now and at a future period to the Queen. She offers to the Chiefs of the Assembly of the Tribes of New Zealand, and to the other Chiefs, the following laws:--
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I. The Chiefs of (i.e. constituting) the Assembly, and all the Chiefs who are absent from the Assembly, shall cede to the Queen of England for ever the government of all their lands.
II. The Queen of England acknowledges and guarantees to the Chiefs, the Tribes, and all the people of New Zealand, the entire supremacy of their lands, of their settlements, and of all their personal property. But the Chiefs of the Assembly, and all other Chiefs, make over to the Queen the purchasing of such lands, which the man who possesses the land is willing to sell, according to the price agreed upon by him, and the purchaser appointed by the Queen to purchase for her.
III. In return for their acknowledging the Government of the Queen, the Queen of England will protect all the natives of New Zealand, and will allow them the same rights as the people of England.
(Signed) WILLIAM HOBSON,
Consul, and Lieutenant-Governor.
We, the Chiefs of this Assembly of the Tribes of New Zealand, now assembled at Waitangi, perceiving the meaning of these words, take and consent to them all. Therefore we sign our names and our marks.
This is done at Waitangi, on the sixth day of February, in the one thousand eight hundred and fortieth year of our Lord.
The verbal differences of these two copies of this Treaty are singular. This Treaty must determine the justice or injustice of our wars with the aborigines of New Zealand. This Treaty declares that England assumed the government of New Zealand, that there should be "no cause of strife between the Natives and the Pakehas." This Treaty guarantees the collective and individual possessions of the Maoris. Now the ancient tenure of land in New Zealand resembles what formerly existed in Ireland, thus described by the historian Hume:--"No individual of any sept, according to the ancient customs, had the property of any particular estate, but the whole sept had a title to the whole territory." So in New Zealand none could alienate by sale land
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to a stranger without the consent of his chief and tribe. Now Wiremu King, the chief, and the tribe both protested against the sale of a block of land, which had been disposed of without their concurrence. Our troops were ordered to shoot down the Maoris vindicating their collective right to this land. Why has there been no legal investigation of the origin of this war? Why have not the authors or author been called to account for blood so unrighteously shed? Is the tardy restitution of this block of land to the Maoris sufficient reparation for national injustice? Will the civil authority or authorities who ordered this onslaught be guiltless in that day, when "the Lord cometh out of His place to punish the inhabitants of the earth for their iniquity: when the earth shall disclose her blood, and shall no more cover her slain?" (Isaiah xxvi. 21.)
EDINBURGH: T. CONSTABLE,
PRINTER TO THE QUEEN, AND TO THE UNIVERSITY.
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