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NEW ZEALAND
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BY
ALEXANDER KENNEDY
FORMERLY
MANAGER OF THE UNION BANK OF AUSTRALIA, AT AUCKLAND, NEW ZEALAND, AND SUBSEQUENTLY FOR SOME YEARS GENERAL MANAGER AND INSPECTOR OF THE BANK OF NEW ZEALAND
LONDON
LONGMANS, GREEN, AND CO,
1873
All rights reserved
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[CONTENTS]
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CONTENTS
CHAPTER I.
Introduction--The physical Formation and geological Character of the Islands of New Zealand, including their mineral Wealth --Climate--Its beneficial Influence on the Native Race of Inhabitants--New Zealand Fauna--The Moa -- The Kiwi Apteryx--English Birds introduced and acclimatised--Game-- Attempts to acclimatise the Salmon--Abundance of Fish in the Sea on its Coasts--Disappearance of the Seal in New Zealand--Forests--The Gum of the Kauri -- The Phormium Tenax, or New Zealand Flax--Scarcity of indigenous esculent Productions--Tropical Fruits grow in the Northern Part of the North Island--English small Fruits grow in Abundance--Grain of all Kinds produced in Perfection--Flocks and Herds--New Zealand colonised from different Points--System of Government--The Governments of Australia and New Zealand-- Character of New Zealand Statesmen--Comparative Statement of the Debt of England with that of New Zealand -- It is to be hoped that New Zealand will be guided and directed safely in her Destiny towards a great Nation--Immigration--Bona fide Settlers--The Aboriginal Inhabitants.............3
CHAPTER II.
New Zealand not unknown to the early Portuguese Navigators-- New Zealand discovered by Tasman, 1642--Tasman named the Point he first sighted Cape Maria Van Diemen--Tasman's Vessels anchor in Massacre Bay--Some of Tasman's People murdered by the Natives--New Zealand neglected by the Dutch--New Zealand visited by Cook in 1769--Public opinion in England in favour of New Zealand being made a British Colony--Captain Cook recommends New South Wales to be made a Settlement for
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Convicted Criminals--Penal Settlement founded at Port Jackson --The Rev. Samuel Marsden--Adventurers from the Settlement at Port Jackson make frequent Trading and Sealing Expeditions to New Zealand--The New Zealanders are induced to visit the English Settlement at Port Jackson--Rev. Mr. Marsden visits New Zealand--Arrival of the Church of England Missionaries in New Zealand--Missionary Life in New Zealand--The Missionaries explored the Country, and acquired important Information respecting the Condition of the Inhabitants, as well as a Knowledge of its Natural History--Expeditions into the Interior of the Country became fashionable at a subsequent pEriod--The Venerable Archdeacon Henry Williams--The Bishop of Waipu --The trading Adventurers establish trading Ports at different Places--William IV. gave the Natives a national Flag and appointed a Commissioner to reside among them --Adventurers from all parts of the World flock to New Zealand--Formation of the New Zealand Company--Edward Gibbon Wakefield the guiding Spirit of the Company--The British Government coerced by the Company to assume the Sovereignty of New Zealand--New Zealand proclaimed a British Colony--The French Government found a Settlement in New Zealand--Race betwixt England and France for the Sovereignty of the South Island--Captain Owen Stanley, R. N. --The French Settlement at Akaroa............51
CHAPTER III.
February, 1840: Governor Hobson resides at the Bay of Islands -- Character of the Inhabitants of the Settlement at the Bay of Islands prior to the 'Treaty of Waitangi'--Selection of Auckland as a Site for the Seat of Government--Governor Hobson removes from the Bay of Islands to Auckland--New Zealand erected into a separate Colony--Auckland by Royal Proclamation became the Capital and Seat of Government for the whole of New Zealand-- The New Zealand Company found a Town and Settlement at Port Nicholson--The Town of Wellington--The Company found two additional Settlements at Wanganui and Taranaki-- The Governor appoints Officers to collect the Revenue and administer the Laws in all the Company's Settlements--Rivalry betwixt the Government and the Company--April 18, 1841: The first Land Sale at Auckland highly favourable--The Old Land Claimants dissatisfied--Nelson the first Settlement in the South Island founded by the Company--Nelson--The Governor extremely anxious to conciliate the Company--Chief Justice and
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Bishop appointed for New Zealand--September 10, 1842: Death of Governor Hobson -- The Government that known as a Crown Colony--Condition of the Colony at the death of Governor Hobson--Primitive Condition of the Settlement at Auckland-- Prosperous Condition of the Company's Settlements--The Conflict with the Natives known as the 'Wairau Massacre'.............77
CHAPTER IV.
Arrival of Captain FitzRoy as Governor--A severe Monetary Crisis prevails in the Colony--The Natives get irritated as well as provoked respecting their Lands--The Governor waives the Crown's right of pre-emption over Native Lands--Impolicy of his financial Measures--The Settlements in the South petition for his recall--Johnny Heki, a Native Chief, commences the War in the North--The Town of Russell token and sacked by the Natives-- Auckland fortified--Small force in the Colony--Lieut. Barclay tried by Court-Martial--Condition of Colonial Affairs--Failure of Lieut.-Col. Hulme's Expedition--Skill displayed by the Maories in erecting Pahs--Major Wilmot, R. A. --Colonel Despard appointed Commander of the Forces--Storming party defeated before Heki's Pah at Ohaiawai--Major Macpherson, Lieut. David Beattie, Lieut. Philpotts, R. N., and Captain Grant--The Natives abandon their Pah--Governor FitzRoy recalled--Mrs. FitzRoy..........97
CHAPTER V.
Arrival of Sir George Grey as Governor--His capacity for Administration--Sketch of his ambitious Career--The Debentures issued by Governor FitzRoy taken up by Sir George Grey with Imperial Funds--The Governor joins the Head-quarters of the Forces in the North--Heki's Pah at Ruapeckapecka invested by the Troops--Its Fall, and Peace restored--Sir George Grey abolishes the System of direct Purchase of Lands from the Natives by the Settlers--Character of the Governor at that Period--The Governor invites the great Chief Te Whero Whero to accompany him to the South--Hostilities there of short duration--Captain Stanley and Officers of H. M. S. 'Calliope'--Colonel Henderson, R. A. --Peaceful and industrious pursuits of the Natives--Lord Grey's first Constitution dissatisfactory--Protest against it by Bishop Selwyn and the Church of England Missionaries--Governor Grey persuades Lord Grey to suspend the
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introduction of his Constitution--Native Disturbance at Wanganui suppressed by Captain Laye--Rapid advance in Wealth and Population throughout the Colony--St. John's College-- Bishop Selwyn--Bishop Pompallier--The Wesleyans--Rev. Mr. Buller--The Scotch--Friendly Relations between the Colonists and Natives--Brief Description how a Tour was made into the Interior at that Time--The Governor, Captain Grey, created a Knight of the Bath--The late Colonel and Captain Wakefield-- Sir Charles Clifford, Mr. Stafford, Mr. Fitzherbert, Dr. Featherston, Mr. Fox, Sir David Munro, Sir Francis Dillon Bell, and the late Dr. Martin...............127
