OBSERVATIONS ON THE LANGUAGE OF NEW ZEALAND
[Image of page 20]
OBSERVATIONS
ON THE
LANGUAGE OF NEW ZEALAND
The language of New Zealand is soft and harmonious to the ear, from the alternation which it employs of the vowels and consonants, and there are rarely perceptible in it any harsh or discordant sounds. The subjoined Vocabulary was compiled by Mr. Kendall in New South Wales, at which place it has been printed by order of Mr. Marsden, who sent several books of it to New Zealand, for the instruction of the children there. The compiler derived considerable assistance from a copious collection of words in the Otaheitan language, with which he was furnished by one of the missionaries, who had resided for some years at Eimeo. This collection formed a vocabulary consisting of nearly two thousand words, the greater number of which had so close an affinity to those of New Zealand, that Mr. Kendall found it necessary to make but little alteration in the most of them, and in some none at all. The genius and construction of the two dialects appear to be perfectly the same; and the like identity is observable in the extensive vocabulary of Tonga words collected by Mr. Mariner, and compiled under the judicious care of the gentleman who edited his work. But the similarity of sound between the words of these dialects would be still more apparent, had the several vocabularies been collected by one individual; the perceptions of different persons are not alike, and hence variations may arise where none originally were found to exist. It is observed, that the missionaries of New Zealand not only differ from each other in the spelling of the same words, but likewise in the pronunciation of them; a circumstance which must always happen when a new language is to be learned, with no other standard of instruction than the ear. In words of the Tonga dialect, there are some which, corresponding in import with those of New Zealand, have exactly the same spelling, and others which vary in the spelling, but show a radical analogy in the sound. From the dialect spoken in New Zealand, I should not think the language of the South Sea Islands a copious one, nor does it seem either forcible or energetic.
[Image of page 21]
A VOCABULARY
OF
ENGLISH AND NEW ZEALAND WORDS.
| English.
|
New Zealand.
|
| The conjunction and
|
A
|
| An interjection of surprise
|
Aa!
|
| You
|
Acquoi
|
| A leaf
|
Arou racou
|
| A needle
|
Ahou
|
| A line
|
Ahho
|
| Fire
|
Ahe
|
| When
|
Ahaa
|
| What
|
Aaha
|
| Where
|
Ahea
|
| Liver
|
Atta
|
| Gall
|
Apoua
|
| The Supreme Being
|
Attua nue, or Etua
|
| A bolt
|
A-deuo
|
| Health
|
A-oura
|
| Night
|
Apo
|
| Small
|
A-itte
|
| Great
|
A-mie
|
| Ill
|
A-mattee
|
| Short
|
A-poto
|
| Long
|
Aroa
|
| Larg6
|
Arahe
|
| Paddle,
|
Ahoy
|
| Walk
|
A-ire
|
| To run
|
A-horo
|
| To dig
|
A-tea
|
| To flow
|
A-parre
|
| To ebb
|
A-teeneo
|
| English.
|
New Zealand.
|
| To draw the fishing-line
|
A-he
|
| To fling a stone
|
A-hapa
|
| To-morrow
|
Appopo
|
| The day after to-morrow
|
Attootida
|
| The fourth day
|
Awhakkee
|
| The fifth day
|
Awhakee nuee
|
| To make
|
Ahangha
|
| Right
|
Amatto
|
| Winking with one eye
|
Akamo
|
| A working tool
|
Akoko
|
| The act of carrying a personon the shoulder
|
Amo
|
| To carry on the shoulder
|
Amoea
|
| Left
|
Amoue
|
| The rainbow
|
Anuanua
|
| Close, narrow
|
Ape, ape
|
| A sail
|
Arara
|
| Blunt
|
Aquorree quoe
|
| An orphan
|
Apanne
|
| Affection, love
|
Aroha
|
| Fern-root
|
Arohhe
|
| Fever
|
Attooto
|
| I (personal pronoun)
|
Aou
|
| A current
|
Aou
|
[Image of page 22]
| English.
|
New Zealand.
|
| To roll as a ship
|
Ahoodoo
|
| To tattoo the skin
|
Amoko
|
| The tongue
|
Araro
|
| To kick
|
Awanno
|
| A superior chief
|
Areekee
|
| Morning
|
Attanta
|
| Evening
|
Attaia
|
| Sweet potatoe
|
Coomera
|
| Phoca, or seal
|
Cakenoo
|
| A worm
|
Cootoo-cootoo
|
| A rush
|
Coopoo bunghahou
|
| The nose
|
Eshoa
|
| At, for, in
|
Epeep
|
| Yesterday
|
Enanahee
|
| To sit down
|
Enho
|
| East wind
|
Etoughi
|
| Oil
|
Enu
|
| A bone
|
Evee
|
| Within
|
E-roto
|
| Without
|
E-wahho
|
| Fine day
|
E-rapi
|
| Hand '
|
Dingha dingha
|
| A handful
|
Dingha ta hi
|
| To pour out
|
Dingha hea
|
| Aboil
|
Fafa
|
| Handkerchief
|
Hey
|
| A spirit
|
Hie
|
| The paps
|
Hoo
|
| A cave
|
Hana
|
| A. road
|
Hara
|
| The first woman
|
Heena
|
| To nurse
|
Heeke tea
|
| Fish
|
Heeka
|
| To row or paddle-
|
Hoyea
|
| To give
|
Homi
|
| Shore
|
Hoota
|
| The stomach
|
Hooma
|
| Rain
|
Hooa
|
| Concealment
|
Hoona
|
| An old woman
|
Hadoodoohee
|
| Crooked
|
Hahappa
|
| Po gape
|
Hamama
|
| To run
|
Hahouma
|
| Askull
|
Hanghangha
|
| To thunder
|
Haroorooke
|
| To sigh
|
Hatarane
|
| A comb
|
Headoo
|
| Strong
|
Hekkaha
|
| Skin
|
Hehekko
|
| English.
|
New Zealand.
|
| To banter
|
Hengorekka
|
| Diving
|
Herookoo
|
| To jump
|
Hererre
|
| Come hither
|
Haromai
|
| Hot
|
Hirattoo
|
| To sail
|
Hoyattoo
|
| Deep
|
Hohonoo
|
| To skin
|
Heoheoro
|
| Head
|
Hoopoka
|
| Pillow
|
Hoolungha
|
| Helm
|
Hoolunghee
|
| Sand
|
Hunuippoo
|
| To turn over
|
Hurehea
|
| To pull off
|
Hunnowhea
|
| Hair, feathers
|
Hooroohooroo
|
| Thigh
|
Hoowha
|
| Spittle
|
Howheinee
|
| To stand up
|
Hetoo
|
| A battle-axe
|
Hohiecker
|
| Halbert
|
Hennee
|
| To-day
|
Iheenee
|
| To walk
|
Ire
|
| Go away
|
Ire attoo ra
|
| A human body
|
Ko-evee
|
| Language, or to speak
|
Ko-raro
|
| Rain over
|
Ka-mou
|
| Rainy
|
Ka-hooa
|
| Within
|
Ka-roto
|
| Without
|
Ka-wahho
|
| The belly
|
Kopoo
|
| The neck
|
Kakkee
|
| Laughter
|
Katha
|
| A rat
|
Keouree
|
| A louse
|
Kootoo
|
| The chin
|
Kowhi
|
| A file
|
Kannee
|
| A hole
|
Kowou
|
| The arms
|
Koomoo
|
| Flesh
|
Keko
|
| Bad
|
Keno
|
| Belch
|
Koopa
|
| To swim
|
Roukou, or cow-cow
|
|
|
|
| A basket
|
Ketta
|
| Sharp
|
Kaquoe
|
| Breakfast time
|
Ki-atta
|
| Dinner time
|
Ki-awatta
|
| Arm-pits
|
Kaka
|
| Supper time
|
Ki-aiei
|
| Fire
|
Kapoola
|
| Victuals
|
Kiki
|
| Good
|
Ka-pi
|
| High
|
Ka-teheikaka
|
[Image of page 23]
| English.
|
New Zealand.
|
| Anger
|
Kadidde
|
| Strong
|
Kaha
|
| Beneath
|
Kedarro
|
| Rough
|
Koekoekee
|
| To snore
|
Knunghoro
|
| Suicide
|
Kohoodoo
|
| To smell
|
Kakkakarra
|
| Wet
|
Kamakoo
|
| Raiment
|
Kakkahow
|
| Seed
|
Kakanna
|
| Enough
|
Ka-tedura
|
| Forward
|
Kamooa
|
| Behind
|
Ka-moode
|
| Swift
|
Ka-terre
|
| A girl
|
Ko-teedo
|
| The eye
|
Konnohe
|
| The little finger
|
Koloitte
|
| The thumb
|
Kolomadua
|
| Tired
|
Kanenghe
|
| No
|
Kioure
|
| To stink
|
Kapedo
|
| Broken
|
Ko-aquarre
|
| To gape
|
Kouhada
|
| To nip
|
Kenetea
|
| By and by
|
Keamow
|
| To stoop
|
Kerropeko
|
| Finished
|
Kamootoo
|
| Plenty
|
Keamaha
|
| To fall
|
Katakka
|
| To squint
|
Kakawah
|
| To cry
|
Katanghe
|
| To fly
|
Koarerre
|
| Red
|
Kaphweddoo
|
| A working tool
|
Kahadoo
|
| A pigeon
|
Kookoopa
|
| Straight
|
Katikka
|
| Through
|
Kapoota
|
| To put in the fist
|
Kamotea
|
| Throat
|
Kurrokurro
|
| Spear
|
Kokiddee
|
| A four-legged animal
|
Koraddee
|
| To make
|
Kamahe
|
| A rock
|
Kamakka
|
| A cloud
|
Kappooha
|
| A stone
|
Kowattoo
|
| Broken
|
Kowatte
|
| A penguin
|
Korolah
|
| English
|
New Zealand.
|
| A fishing-net
|
Koopengha
|
| A table
|
Kyhingha
|
| A residence
|
Kahingha
|
| Flax-plant
|
Koraddee
|
| Above
|
Kedungha
|
| Cray-fish
|
Kahouda
|
| A pot
|
Koeshooa
|
| A foot-path
|
Kapekka
|
| Sweat
|
Kokowa
|
| Sweet
|
Karekka
|
| All gone
|
Koapow
|
| Gone
|
Kadedo
|
| Rotten
|
Karakka
|
| To run away
|
Kahouma
|
| To see
|
Kakitta, tickee tickee
|
| To make sharp
|
Keaquoe
|
| A bird like a woodcock
|
Koohakka
|
| Make haste
|
Kahahoro
|
| Old man
|
Kurroheika
|
| To shout
|
Karanghatea
|
| To sprinkle
|
Kowewea
|
| Potatoes
|
Korrapuna
|
| A ship
|
Kipookee
|
| The fundament
|
Koomoo
|
| Skin
|
Kudee
|
| The back of the neck
|
Kakee
|
| Barbed spear
|
Keeker
|
| A rib
|
Larra
|
| An owl
|
Looloo
|
| Clean
|
Ma
|
| A sweet thing
|
Maarekka
|
| A round thing
|
Maaporotaka
|
| Spots or eruption of the skin-
|
Maddehow
|
| Finger nails
|
Mattekookoo
|
| Warm
|
Mabanna
|
| Idle
|
Mangherre
|
| To jump ashore
|
Mahoota
|
| Grained
|
Mangha
|
| Calm
|
Marreeno
|
| Disturbance
|
Maneanea
|
| Breath
|
Mannowha
|
| Moonlight &c
|
Maramma
|
| Cold
|
Makkadede
|
| Blind
|
Mattapo
|
[Image of page 24]
| English.
|
New Zealand
|
| North Wind
|
Matanghi
|
| A knife
|
Maurippe
|
| Death
|
Mattereoa
|
| A bait
|
Mahoonoo
|
| A sail
|
Mamaddoo
|
| To look earnestly
|
Mattatowha
|
| Afraid
|
Mattakkoo
|
| A dream
|
Moenarkoo
|
| A grandson
|
Mokopoona
|
| Fat
|
Momona
|
| White
|
Ma (or ka-ma)
|
| Sleep
|
Moe
|
| Light, not heavy
|
Mama
|
| A bird
|
Manoo
|
| The mouth
|
Manghi
|
| A shark
|
Mangho
|
| Black
|
Mangho
|
| A cough
|
Marree
|
| Dry
|
Marokee
|
| Face
|
Matta
|
| A fish-hook
|
Mattow
|
| To understand
|
Matou
|
| Illness
|
Mattee
|
| A parent
|
Madua
|
| Thread
|
Millo
|
| Salt water
|
Moana
|
| Abed
|
Moongha
|
| Flax
|
Moka
|
| An ulcer
|
Momoi
|
| Blaze (of flame)
|
Moora
|
| The lips
|
Mootoo
|
| Fighting with fists
|
Moto
|
| A low island
|
Mo too
|
| The first man
|
Mouee
|
| Father
|
Madua-tanee
|
| Mother
|
Madua-whyenee
|
| Urine
|
Mimme
|
| A man of colour
|
Mangho tangata
|
| A gun-lock
|
Mootoo-pararo
|
| A bait for fish
|
Maoonoo
|
| Common
|
Noa
|
| Small
|
Noe noe
|
| Great
|
Nue nue
|
| English.
|
New Zealand.
|
| A wave
|
Naddoo
|
| A sand-fly
|
Nammoo
|
| A button
|
Narkee
|
| Last night
|
Napo
|
| Fat
|
Narko
|
| A fly
|
Narro
|
| Of
|
No
|
| Whose
|
Nawke
|
| A scratch
|
Nattoo
|
| A tooth
|
Nehoo
|
| To bite
|
Nau or gnaw
|
| A sharp point
|
Oka
|
| Life, health, &c.
|
Ora
|
| Who
|
Owhi
|
| The ground
|
Oronownee
|
| A valley
|
Oworoha
|
| A river
|
Owah
|
| A rope
|
Orahikee
|
| Father
|
Pa
|
| Night
|
Po
|
| Dirt
|
Paddoo
|
| A bell, drum, &c.
|
Pah oo
|
| A war club
|
Pattie
|
| The ball of the hand
|
Parlo
|
| The breech
|
Papa
|
| To kill
|
Patua
|
| To get upon the back
|
Pekou
|
| A cockle
|
Pippee
|
| The navel
|
Peto
|
| A knot
|
Pona
|
| To tie a knot
|
Ponaaea
|
| A cabbage
|
Poka
|
| The wrist
|
Punapuna
|
| A ship's block
|
Pookoo
|
| An anchor
|
Poongha
|
| A hat
|
Poti
|
| Short
|
Poto
|
| Smoke
|
Powha
|
| A sow thistle
|
Poowha
|
| A mountain
|
Pooka
|
| A musket
|
Poo
|
| To fire a musket
|
Poohea
|
| The shoulder
|
Pooka-hieve
|
| A box
|
Pophaw
|
| The beard
|
Pihow
|
[Image of page 25]
| English.
|
New Zealand.
|
| The outside mat that they wear
over the shoulder.
|
Pagata
|
| A pipe for smoking
|
Pohee-pohee
|
| A white man, (the flea is also called
by this name, as they assert it to have
been first introduced into
their country by Europeans,
the turnip is likewise
called packaha from its whiteness.)
|
Packaha
|
| A muscle
|
Pooreffas
|
| The Greenstone (jade) of which they
make their axes, pattoo-pattoos,
and ear ornaments
|
Pooheenan
|
| A parrot
|
Powhytarnee
|
| A duck
|
Panada
|
| A great gun
|
Poodeewhennah
|
| The sun
|
Ra
|
| The forehead
|
Rie
|
| Long
|
Roa
|
| Timber
|
Racou
|
| The sky, or heaven
|
Ranghee
|
| Great
|
Rahe rahe
|
| They, three, or more
|
Ratoo
|
| They two
|
Rahooa
|
| To itch
|
Rakkoo rakkoo
|
| Sweet
|
Rekka-rekka
|
| Brains
|
Roro
|
| Flaggy grass
|
Roupo
|
| English.
|
New Zealand.
|
| A scratch
|
Rakkoo-rakkoo
|
| A gentleman
|
Rungateeda
|
| Rest
|
Ra-tabboo,
|
| A female deity in the moon
|
Rona,
|
| Wind
|
Shou
|
| A good wind
|
Shoupi
|
| A bad wind
|
Shoukeno
|
| Excrements of the nose
|
Shoopa
|
| To wash
|
Shoroea
|
| To dance
|
Shakka
|
| South wind
|
Shou-houdoo
|
| West wind
|
Shou-dano
|
| A tree
|
Tee
|
| Lewd
|
Tei
|
| An oyster
|
Teo
|
| To write
|
Tue tue
|
| Sacred
|
Tabboo tabboo
|
| To weep
|
Tange tange
|
| Biscuit
|
Tarro
|
| Grass
|
Taddoo taddoo
|
| To forsake
|
Tiwa
|
| A little boy
|
Tamittee
|
| An infant
|
Tarnee
|
| A brother and ister
|
Tana
|
| A door
|
Tattou
|
| To hang by the neck
|
Tarrona
|
| A lie
|
Tekka-tekka
|
| To row
|
Tohea
|
| A whale
|
Tohora
|
| An albatross
|
Toroa
|
| A bird
|
Toohee
|
| A stone
|
Toka
|
| An axe, &c.
|
Tokee
|
| A root
|
Toomoo
|
| Blood
|
Totto
|
| To bake
|
Touna
|
| A large spear
|
Tow
|
| To nod
|
Tungho
|
| The elbow
|
Tuka tuka
|
| The knee
|
Turee
|
| Dung
|
Tuti
|
| Deafness
|
Tooree
|
| A stick
|
Tokko tokko
|
[Image of page 26]
| English.
|
New Zealand.
|
| To strike
|
Tokko tokkehea
|
| To fetch
|
Tara
|
| A man
|
Tungata
|
| Sea biscuit
|
Tarro
|
| Iron
|
Tokee
|
| The back
|
Tuararo
|
| Water
|
Whi
|
| Nail
|
Wou
|
| A woman
|
Whyeenee
|
| A star
|
Whittoo
|
| A spirit
|
Whidooa
|
| Land
|
Whenua
|
| A leg
|
Whitohi
|
| A Musquito
|
Whiro
|
| English.
|
New Zealand.
|
| Milk
|
Whihoo
|
| A cause
|
Wauga
|
| Lightning
|
Weeda
|
| Veins
|
Wouwa
|
| Hail
|
Whattoo
|
| A house
|
Warree
|
| The bowels
|
Wakou
|
| The tail
|
Whiro
|
| Thunder
|
Watteeteeda
|
| The mou th
|
Wahha
|
| Sweet water
|
Whydecka
|
| The heart
|
Watteemaunowha
|
| A friend
|
Wanhoungha
|
NEW ZEALAND NUMERALS.
| 1
|
Kotahi
|
| 2
|
Kadooa
|
| 3
|
Ka-toodoo
|
| 4
|
Ka-wha
|
| 5
|
Ka-deema
|
| 6
|
Ka-hunnoo
|
| 7
|
Ka-whittoo
|
| 8
|
Ka-whaddoo
|
| 9
|
Ka-hewha
|
| 10
|
Kanghahoodoo
|
| 11
|
Kanghahoodoo mati
|
| 12
|
Kanghahoodoo madoo&
|
| 13
|
Kanghahoodoo matoodoo
|
| 14
|
Kanghahoodoo mawha
|
| 15
|
Kanghahoodoo madeema
|
| 16
|
Kanghahoodoo mahunnoo
|
| 17
|
Kanghahoodoo mawhittoo
|
| 18
|
Kanghahoodoo mawhaddoo
|
| 19
|
Kanghahoodoo maahewha
|
| 20
|
Katikow manahoodoo
|
| 40
|
Kadooa tikow
|
| 60
|
Katoodoo tikow
|
| 80
|
Kawha tikow
|
| 100
|
Kadema tikow
|
| 120
|
Kahunnoo tikow
|
| 140
|
Kawhittoo tikow
|
| 160
|
Kawhaddoo tikow
|
| 180
|
Kahewha tikow
|
| 200
|
Kotihi row
|
| 40a
|
Kadooa row
|
| 600
|
Katoodoo row
|
| 800
|
Kawha row
|
| 1000
|
Kadeema row
|
| 1200
|
Kahunnoo row
|
| 1400
|
Kawhittoo row
|
| 1600
|
Kawhaddoo row
|
| 1800
|
Kahewha row
|
| 2000
|
Kamannoo
|
| 4000
|
Kadooa mannoo. &c.
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[Image of page 27]
[Page 28 is blank]
[Image of page 28]
Hocken Library Facsimile No. 11
This copy of the original edition is published
by the Hocken Library, University of Otago
Dunedin, New Zealand, 1970
Printed Offset in New Zealand
by John Mclndoe Ltd., Dunedin
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