1914 - McNab, R. Historical Records of New Zealand, Vol. II. - RECORDS RELATING TO COOK'S VOYAGES, p 44-142

       
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  1914 - McNab, R. Historical Records of New Zealand, Vol. II. - RECORDS RELATING TO COOK'S VOYAGES, p 44-142
 
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RECORDS RELATING TO COOK'S VOYAGES.

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RECORDS RELATING TO COOK'S VOYAGES.

WHEN Volume i of these Records was being prepared, pages 1 to 35 were devoted to those documents relating to Cook which contained some distinct reference to New Zealand. Since the publication of that volume, however, it has been felt that Cook's five visits to this country are of such importance that all official papers relating to his Expeditions merit a place in the Dominion's Records. Hence the recurrence here of Cook material.

In addition to letters, the editor has been able to secure a copy of one of the logs which were kept on board the "Endeavour" while she was on the New Zealand coast. Mr. A. H. Turnbull, of Wellington, in whose library this log is, kindly consented to its reproduction by photo-engravure, which adds greatly to its interest and to its value as a record. In addition to the log of the "Endeavour," Lieutenant Pickersgill's log on board the "Resolution," and Lieutenant Burney's on board the "Adventure" during her last visit to Queen Charlotte's Sound, are also reproduced.


1768 21 March.

Choice of a ship.


THE LORDS OF THE ADMIRALTY TO THE NAVY BOARD.

21 March, 1768.

GENTLEMEN,--

Having taken into our consideration your letter of this date, representing that you are of opinion that his Majesty's ship the Rose may be a proper ship to be employed on the service, the Tryal was proposed to be fitted for, except that you doubt of her being able to stow the quantity of provisions required on such an occasion, but that if we are inclined to make use of a cat-built 1 vessel for the said service, which in their kind are roomly, and will afford the advantage of stowing and carrying a large quantity of provisions so necessary on such voyages, and in this

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PURCHASE OF THE ENDEAVOUR.

1768 21 March.

Man-of-war unsuitable.

Authority to purchase.

respect preferable to a ship-of-war, a vessel of this sort of about three hundred and fifty tons may, you apprehend, be now purchased in the river Thames, if wanted. We do hereby signify to you our approval of the employing a cat-built vessel instead of a ship-of-war on the aforesaid service, and desire and direct you to purchase such a vessel for the said service accordingly.

We are, &c,
C. TOWNSHEND.
PY. BRETT.
C. SPENCER.

Marginal Note :--To purchase a vessel of about 350 tons to go to the southward of the Equinoctial Line to observe the transit of Venus over the sun's disk. 2


5 April.

A vessel purchased.

THE LORDS OF THE ADMIRALTY TO THE NAVY BOARD.

5 April, 1768.

GENTLEMEN,--

Whereas you have represented to us by your letter 3 of the 29th of last month that, in pursuance of our directions of the 21st, you have purchased a cat-built bark of the burthen of 368 tons, for conveying to the southward such persons as shall be thought proper for making observations on the passage of the planet Venus over the sun's disk, we do. hereby desire and direct you to cause the said vessel to be sheathed, filled, and

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1768 April.

To be named the Endeavour.

fitted in all respects proper for that service, and to report to us when she will be ready to receive men. 4

And you are to cause the said vessel to be registered on the list of the Royal Navy as a bark by the name of the Endeavour, 5 and to cause her to be established with six carriage-guns of four pounds each and eight swivel guns.

We are, &c,
C. TOWNSHEND.
PY. BRETT.
C. SPENCER.


5 April.

THE LORDS OF THE ADMIRALTY TO THE MARQUIS OF GRANBY. 6

5 April, 1768.

MY LORD--

The Navy Board having, in consequence of our directions, purchased a cat-built bark for conveying such persons as shall be thought proper to the southward for making observations on the passage of the planet Venus over the disk of the

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PREPARATIONS FOR THE VOYAGE.

1768 5 April.

Her establishment.

sun, and proposed that she may be established with six four-pounder guns and eight swivels, we desire your Lordship will cause the same number and nature of guns to be established on her accordingly; and having ordered the said vessel to be registered on the lists of the Royal Navy by the name of the Endeavour, bark, we signify the same for your Lordship's information.

We are, &c,
C. TOWNSHEND.
PY. BRETT.
C. SPENCER.


25 May.

Cook's appointment.

His crew.

THE LORDS OF THE ADMIRALTY TO LIEUTENANT COOK.

WHEREAS we have appointed you First Lieutenant of his Majesty's bark the Endeavour, now at Deptford, and intend that you shall command her during her present intended voyage; and whereas we have ordered the said bark to be fitted out and stored at that place for foreign service manned with seventy men (agreeable to the scheme on the back hereof), and victualled to twelve months of all species of provisions (for the said number of men at whole allowance), except beer, of which she is to have only a proportion for one month, and to be supplied with brandy in lieu of the remainder. You are hereby required and directed to use the utmost dispatch in getting her ready for the sea accordingly, and then falling down to Galleons Reach to take in her guns and gunners' stores at that place, and proceed to the Nore for farther order.

Given, &c, 25 May, 1768.
ED. HAWKE.
C. TOWNSHEND.
PY. BRETT.


Scheme referred to.

* 1 1st Lieutenant, to command, at 5s. a day.
* 1 2nd Lieutenant.
* 1 Master.
* 1 Boatswain.
* 1 Gunner.
* 1 Carpenter.
* 1 Surgeon.
* 1 Cook.
2 Master's mates.
3 Midshipmen.
1 Surgeon's mate.
1 Clerk and steward.
2 Quarter-masters.
2 Boatswain's mates.
1 Carpenter's mate.
1 Armourer.
1 Sailmaker.
8 Servants to the officers.
40 Able seamen.
70 Total.

* Allowed one servant.

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1768 27 May.

Preparing for the voyage.

LIEUTENANT COOK 7 TO SECRETARY STEPHENS.


Endeavour, at Deptford, 27 May, 1768.

SIR,--

I have received their Lordships' order of the 25th inst., touching the fitting of his Majesty's bark the Endeavour, which I shall immediately set about complying with.

I am, &c,
JAMES COOK.


31 May.

His instructions.

LIEUTENANT COOK TO SECRETARY STEPHENS.

Deptford, Endeavour, bark, 31 May, 1768.

SIR,--

Please to acquaint my Lords Commiss'rs of the Adm'ty that I have this day received their orders and instructions, 8 &c, and shall comply agreeable therewith. I am, &c,

JAMES COOK.


3 June.

Boatswain Guthrey.

LIEUTENANT COOK TO MR. ALCOCK. 9

Friday, 3 June, 1768. Mr. Cook presents his compliments to Mr. Alcock; hath no objections to the bearer, Mr. Jno. Gathiry 10 [Guthrey], being appointed boatswain of the Endeavour, bark; believes him to be a man well quallified for that station.


3 June.

Gunner Forwood.

LIEUTENANT COOK TO SECRETARY STEPHENS.

Deptford, 3 June, 1768.

Mr. Cook presents his most respectfull compliments to Mr. Stephens, and begs leave to recommend the bearer, Mr. Stephen

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PREPARATIONS FOR THE VOYAGE.

1768 3 June.

Forward 11 as a very proper person to be appointed gunner of the Endeavour, he having pass'd his examination for that purpose.

JAMES COOK.


30 June.

Crew and provisions.

LIEUTENANT COOK TO SECRETARY STEPHENS.

Admiralty Office, 30 June, 1768.

SIR,--

I here inclose the state and condition of his Majesty's bark the Endeavour, under my command, and am, &c,

JAMES COOK.

[Enclosure.]

AN Account of the State and Condition of his Majesty's bark the Endeavour, Lieutenant Cook, commander, at Deptford, this 29th of June, 1768:--

70 complement.
70 borne.
68 mustered.
1 mid'man. without leave with leave on board - Chequed, and why absint.
1 on shore hospital ship - Sick.

16 officers and servants
54 petty and able ord. landsmen number short of complement
- Of the number borne

SUPER'Y.


PROVISIONS ON BOARD FOR THE COMPL'T AT WHOLE ALLOWANCE.

Days.--547 bread, 28 beef, 335 brandy, rum, wine.
Weeks.--78 beef, 78 pork, 78 pease, 78 oatmeal, 12 butter, 12 cheese, 66 oyle, 78 vinegar.


OFFICERS.

Part all paid.
Boats'n, gunner,) carpenter. - Stores wanting.
Absant. Occasion.


CONDITION OF THE SHIP.
Fitting for sea.

WHEN LAST CLEANED.
20th May, 1768.


5 July. Armament.

LIEUTENANT COOK TO SECRETARY STEPHENS.

Endeavour, bark, at Deptford, 5 July, 1768.

SIR,--

His majesty's bark the Endeavour, under my command, being allow'd only eight swivel guns, and it may then happen that four of these will be wanted for the longboat, and as the ship can conveniently carry twelve, please move my Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty to order her to be supply'd with four more swivels. I am, &c,

JAMES COOK.

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1768 6 July.

Drugs.

LIEUTENANT COOK TO SECRETARY STEPHENS.

Admiralty Office, 6 July, 1768.

SIR,--

The surgeon of His Majesty's bark the Endeavour, under my command, hath acquainted me that the Navy Board cannot supply the said bark with surgeon's necessarys to a longer time than twelve months, which is not in proportion to her victualing, and may not prove sufficient for the voyage. Please to move my Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty to order her to be supply'd with an additional quantity, or to a longer time.

I am, &c,
JAMES COOK.


7 July.

More guns to be furnished.

SECRETARY STEPHENS TO LIEUTENANT COOK.

7 July, 1768.

SIR,--

I have communicated to my Lords Comm'rs of the Adm'ty your letter of the 6th inst., representing that the bark you command is allowed only eight swivel guns, and desiring, as four of them may be frequently wanted for the longboat, and the bark can conveniently carry twelve, that she may be supplied with four more to make up that number; and I am to acquaint you that the Board of Ordnance are wrote to for that purpose.

I am,
P.S.


Navy Board to supply drugs.

SECRETARY STEPHENS TO LIEUTENANT COOK.

7 July, 1768.

SIR,--

I have communicated to my Lords Comm'rs of the Adm'ty your letter of the 6th inst., representing that you are informed the Navy Board cannot supply the bark you command with surgeon's necessaries to a longer time than twelve months, and desiring, as that is not in proportion to her victualing, that she may be supplied with an additional quantity; and, in return, I am to acquaint you that the Navy Board are directed to cause her to be supplied with a twelve months' additional quantity.

I am,
P.S.


8 July.

LIEUTENANT COOK TO SECRETARY STEPHENS.

Admiralty Office, 8 July, 1768.

SIR,--

In order to make surveys of such parts as his Majesty's bark the Endeavour, under my command, may touch at, it will be necessary to be provided with a set of instruments for that

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PREPARATIONS FOR THE VOYAGE.

1768 8 July.

Mathematical instruments.

purpose. Please to move my Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty to order me to be supply'd with the under-mentioned mathematical instruments.

I am, &c,
JAMES COOK.

Theodolite compleate, one; plane table, one; brass scale, 2 feet long, one; d'ble concave glass, one; glass for traceing plans, from the light, one; a pair of large dividers; a parellel ruler; a pair of proportional compass's; stationery and colours.


to be supplied.

SECRETARY STEPHENS TO LIEUTENANT COOK.

8 July, 1768.

SIR,--

Having laid before my Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty your letter of this date, representing that, in order to make surveys of such parts as the Endeavour bark under your command may touch at, it will be necessary that she should be provided with the instruments, &c, named on the other side hereof, and desiring that directions may be given for your being supplied therewith, I am commanded by their Lordships to signify their direction to you to provide the same, and lay before them an account of the expence thereof.

I am, &c,
P.S.

[Enclosure.]

A theodolite compleat
A pair of large dividers
A plane table
A parallel ruler
A brass scale two feet long
A pair of proportional compasses
A double concave glass
Stationery and colours
A glass for tracing plans from the light.


20 July.

Stationery.

LIEUTENANT COOK TO SECRETARY STEPHENS.

Admiralty Office, 20 July, 1768.

SIR,--

Pursuant of your letter of the 8th instant, I have provided mysel with mathematical instruments and stationery, and have here inclosed an account of the expence thereof, which please to lay before my Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty, and move them to order me to be paid.

I am, &c,
JAMES COOK.


21 July.

Life-belts.

SECRETARY STEPHENS TO LIEUTENANT COOK.

21 July, 1768.

SIR,--

My Lords Comm'rs of the Adm'ty having directed the Navy Board to send twenty cork jackets on board the bark you

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1768 21 July.

command for the use of the men that it may be necessary to employ in boats, in the course of her present intended voyage, I am commanded by their Lordships to acquaint you therewith; and am, &c,

P.S.


22 July.

Charles Green.

Joseph Banks.

THE LORDS OF THE ADMIRALTY TO LIEUTENANT COOK.

WHEREAS the Council of the Royal Society have acquainted us that they have appointed Mr. Charles Green, 12 in conjunction with yourself, to be their observers of the passage of Venus over the disk of the sun in he southern latitudes. And whereas they have at the same time acquainted us that Joseph Banks, 13 Esq., Fellow of that Society, a gentleman of large fortune, well versed

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PREPARATIONS FOR THE VOYAGE.

1768 22 July.

in natural history, is desirous of undertaking the same voyage; and have therefore earnestly requested that in regard to Mr. Banks's great personal merit, and for the advancement of useful knowledge, he, together with his suite and their baggage, may be received on board the bark you command. You are hereby required and directed to receive on board the said Mr. Charles Green and his servant and baggage, as also the said Joseph Banks, Esq., and his suite, consisting of eight persons with their baggage, bearing them as supernumeraries for victuals only, and victualling them as the bark's company during their continuance on board.

Given, &c, 22 July, 1768.
ED. HAWKE.
PERCY BRETT.
C. SPENCER.


25 July.

A useful Instrument.

LIEUTENANT COOK TO SECRETARY STEPHENS.

Admiralty Office, 25 July, 1768.

SIR,--

Doctor Knight hath got an azimuth compass of an improved construction, which may prove to be of more general use than the old ones. Please to move my Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty to order the Endeavour, bark, under my command, to be supply'd with it.

I am, &c,
JAMES COOK.


27 July.

A micrometer.

LIEUTENANT COOK TO SECRETARY STEPHENS.

Admiralty Office, 27 July, 1768.

SIR,--

The Navy Board have been pleased to supply his Majesty's bark the Endeavour, under my command, with the reflecting telescope that was on board the Grenville, schooner, for making astronomical observations at Newfoundland. In order to make it of more general use, I have got made a micrometer for measuring the apparent magnitudes of the heavenly bodies, which will be of great service in the observation of the transit of Venus, the bill for which I here enclose, and beg you will lay it before my Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty, and move them to order the Navy Board to pay it.

I am, &c,
JAMES COOK.


LIEUTENANT COOK TO SECRETARY STEPHENS.

Admiralty Office, 27 July, 1768.

SIR,--

Having pass'd all my accounts for his Majesty's schooner the Grenville, please to move my Lords Com'iss'rs of the Admi-

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1768 27 July.

Cook's pay.

ralty to order me to be the pay [sic] due to me as master of the said schooner.

I am, &c,
JAMES COOK.


28 July.

Astronomical instruments.

SECRETARY STEPHENS TO LIEUTENANT COOK.

28 July, 1768.

SIR,--

I have communicated to my Lords Commissioners of the Adm'ty your letter of the 25th instant, desiring to be supplied with one of Doctor Knight's azimuth compasses of an improved construction; and, in return, I am to acquaint you that the Navy Board are ordered to supply you with one accordingly, and that it is their Lordships' direction you report to them, upon your return from your present intended voyage, how you shall have found the same to answer.

I have also communicated to their Lordships your letter of the 27th instant, desiring that the Navy Board may have orders to pay for the micrometer, which you have judged necessary to be made, in order to render the telescope with which they have supplied you more generally useful, and particularly so in the observations you are to make of the transit of Venus; and, in return, I am to acquaint you that directions are given to the Navy Board for that purpose.

I am, &c,
P.S.


30 July.

The scurvy.

Wort.

THE LORDS OF THE ADMIRALTY TO LIEUTENANT COOK.

WHEREAS there is great reason to believe, from what Dr. McBride 14 has recommended in his book entitled "Experimental Essays on the Scurvy and other Subjects," and his pamphlet entitled "An Historical Account of the New Method of Treating the Scurvy at Sea" (of which you will herewith receive copies), and from the opinion of other persons acquainted with scorbutic disorders, that malt made into wort may be of great benefit to seamen in scorbutic and other putrid diseases; and whereas we think fit experiments should be made of the good effects of it in your present intended voyage, and have with that view directed the Commissioners of the Victualling to put a quantity on board the bark you command: You are hereby required and directed to cause the same to be stowed in the bread-room or some very dry part of the ship, and take care that the following rules with respect to the preparation of the said wort, the

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PRECAUTIONS AGAINST SCURVY.

1768 30 July.

Its preparation.

A journal to be kept.

administration of it to the sick, &c, be in general observed, viz.:--

1st. The malt must be ground under the direction of the surgeon, and made into wort (fresh every day, especially in hot weather) in the following manner, viz.: Take one quart of ground malt and pour on it three quarts of boiling water, stir them well, and let the mixture stand close covered up for three or four hours, after which strain off the liquor.

2nd. The wort so prepared is then to be boiled into a panada with sea-biscuit, or dried fruits usually carried to sea.

3rd. The patient must take at least two meals a day on the said panada, and should drink a quart or more of the fresh infusion, as it may agree with him, every twenty-four hours.

4th. The surgeon is to keep an exact journal of the effects of the wort in scorbutic and other putrid diseases not attended with pestilential symptoms, carefully and particularly noting down, previous to its administration, the cases in Which it is given, describing the several symptoms, and relating the progress and effects from time to time, which journal is to be transmitted to us at the end of the voyage. 15

Given under our hands, the 30th July, 1768.
ED. HAWKE.
PERCY BRETT.
C. SPENCER.


3 Aug.

More guns.

SECRETARY STEPHENS TO LIEUTENANT COOK.

3 August, 1768.

SIR,--

My Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty having desired the Master-General of the Ordnance to cause the Endeavour, bark, under your command, to be supplied at Plymouth with four carriage-guns, four-pounders, in addition to those she already has, I am commanded by their Lordships to acquaint you therewith that you may apply for the same.

I am, &c,
P.S.


3 Aug.

Increase of crew.

THE LORDS OF THE ADMIRALTY TO LIEUTENANT COOK.

HAVING ordered the complement of his Maj't's bark under your command to be increased to eighty-five men, you are hereby required and directed to enter as many seamen as, with the

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1768 3 Aug.

proportion of marines whom we have ordered to be put on board her at Plymouth, will increase her present complement to that number accordingly.

Given, &c, 3rd August, 1768.
ED. HAWKE.
C. TOWNSHEND.
PY. BRETT.


14 Aug.

The Endeavour at Plymouth.

LIEUTENANT COOK TO SECRETARY STEPHENS. 16

Endeavour, bark, in Plymo. Sound, 14 August, 1768.

SIR,--

Please to acquaint their Lordships that I arrived here this day in his Majesty's bark Endeavour, under my command, and shall make all the dispatch in my power to proceed to sea.

I am, &c,
JAMES COOK.


17 Sept.

At Madeira.

LIEUTENANT COOK TO SECRETARY STEPHENS.

Funchael, Island of Madeira, 17 September, 1768.

SIR,--

Please to acquaint my Lords Com'iss'rs of the Admiralty of the arrival of His Majesty's bark Endeavour, under my command, at this place on the 13th inst., and that having taken on board as much wine as the ship can conveniently stow, and compleated our water, shall put to sea again to-morrow.

I have, &c,
JAMES COOK.


30 Nov.

At Rio.

Treatment there.

LIEUTENANT COOK TO SECRETARY STEPHENS.

Endeavour, bark, in the harbour of Rio de Janeiro, the 30th of November, 1768.

SIR,--

Please to acquaint my Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty of my arrival at this port on the 13th instant, judging it to be the best place on this coast where I could furnish myself with the necessary refreshments I stood in need of. The manner we have been received and treated here is such as was never before practised on any English ship, which makes me think it the more necessary that the whole minutely be laid before their

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COOK AND THE VICEROY.

1768 30 Nov.

Anchor in the river.

Portuguese hospitality.

Under surveillance.

The Viceroy

interviewed by Cook.

Lordships. 17 On my arrival off this port, I sent Lieutenant Hicks 18 before me (from before the mouth of the river were [where] we lay at that time becalm'd) to acquaint the Vice Roy 19 with the reasons that induced me to touch here, which was to procure water and refreshments for the ship, and to request the assistance of a pilot to bring us up into proper anchoring-ground. The sea-breeze soon after this freshing, and being unwilling to loose time, I made sail up the river, and meeting with neither difficulty nor danger to retard me, came to an anchor before the town, wondering that I saw nothing of my boat, knowing that she must have been ashore several hours, but was surprized when she return'd, informing me that the officer was detain'd. On this I prepared myself to go on shore to demand him, but before I could do that a boat came on board with several officers, who asked me many and very particular questions, all of which was answered to their satisfaction. They told me that my lieutenant had not been confin'd, but allow'd that he had been detain'd on shore, and said it was the constant custom to detain any one who came on shore from a ship until a boat from the Vice Roy had visited her. About this time I observed a boat fill'd with soldiers constantly rowing about the ship, which I understood the next day had orders to permit nobody but myself to go on shore, and to hinder any one of the inhabitants of the place from coming on board unless they had particular leave. Soon after this, Lieutenant Hicks was put on board in one of the Vice Roy's boats, attended by an officer. He inform'd me that after he had delivered his message to the Vice Roy he was asked if he would comply with the customs of the place, to which he answer'd that we would comply with any custom that had been before observed by English men-of-war; he was then told I must wait upon the Vice Roy the next day, when everything should be settled. When he was coming to the boat, in order to return on board, he was told he must stay on shore until I came. The first thing I did the next morning was to wait upon his Excellency, and acquainted him with the reasons that induced me to put in here (naming the things I wanted), and desired he would give the necessary order for me to be furnished with

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1768 30 Nov.

His terms.

Customs of the port

applicable to traders only.

Detention of Hicks.

them, as my stay here would be very short. He said I should be accommodated with what I wanted, and desir'd to know if I had got any correspondence at this place, and told me it was a custom in this port for strangers to employ one of the natives to buy everything they wanted. I told him I had letters of credit to two merchants here who I did not doubt would furnish me with everything I wanted. I then enquir'd of him where I should water, and asked leave for my coopers to repair the casks ashore, to which he answer'd that I must water at the fountain before the palace, and that my coopers should have leave to work ashore, that he would order a soldier to be put into each of my boats when they brought the casks ashore, and likewise when they returned on board, to see that they were not interrupted in carrying on this duty, and that a centinel should be placed over the casks when on shore. I told him that the putting soldiers into the boats I thought unnecessary--that a centinel over the casks ashore would be quite sufficient. He said that it had always been a custom, and that it was by orders from his king, which he must comply with, and by that means I should be sure of having my casks taken care of. I told him that if this custom was necessary with merchant ships who might be suspected of contraband trade, it was not at all so with my ship, which he must not put upon the footing of a merchantman being a King's ship, who never entered upon trade. He said he did not put me upon any such footing, but that it was a custom when anything came on shore from a ship to put a centinel into the boat. I thought he might be suspicious that we came here to trade, and as I had nothing to fear on that head, and knew that by that means my men would be kept stricter to their duty, I consented, and this practice was strictly observed during our stay here; but I had not the least idea at the time of a guard being put into a boat where myself or any of my officers should be, as I had been ashore the evening before in my boat, and that morning, without any such thing being attempted. I then desired to know the reasons why my lieutenant was detain'd yesterday. He began the same answer that his officers had done the day before. I remonstrated against it as unprecedented treatment to an officer belonging to an English ship-of-war in a friendly port. He said it was the custom and the King's orders, and I must not take it amiss. I was willing to waive this matter in the best manner I could, being very desirous of avoiding all manner of disputes of this nature, which I knew could not fail of creating a delay, which would retard the voyage, the success of which I had of all things most at heart. I then acquainted him that there were several gentlemen on board who had never before been at sea, and being much indis-

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COOK AND THE VICEROY.

1768 30 Nov.

Banks and Solander forbidden to land.

A guard

or a guide.

Amour propre.

The gentlemen foiled.

Cook embarrassed.

posed with, the fatigues of a long passage, would be glad to reside on shore during our short stay here, and being well skill'd in natural history, desired leave of his Excellency to make such collections as this place did afford and our stay would permit. He said it was contrary to the King's orders, and that he could not grant either one or the other. I was surprized at this refusal, and press'd him several times, but to no purpose.

As soon as I came from his Excellency I found myself accompanied by an officer. Upon my expressing my suspicions of his being a guard, was told he was only to show me such places in the town as I wanted; but on my coming outward I found he likewise was to accompany me to my ship. On this I apply'd to the Vice Roy's aid-de-camp (as I could not see himself), and told him that I had done my business and was going on board my ship, therefore the gentleman then with me could be of no further use, to which he answer'd it was the Vice Roy's orders for an officer to attend upon me wherever I went to order me all the assistance I wanted. I desired that his Excellency might be acquainted that I was much obliged to him, but as I had met with an English gentleman (one of their officers) who would assist me in everything in his power, and therefore one of his officers attending upon me would be of no service, as we could not understand each other, and at the same time express'd my suspicions of his being placed over me as a guard, and on that account could not admit him on board; to which the Vice Roy sent for answer that it was the King's orders to him that an officer should always attend upon all strangers of any rank, that if I did not choose to admit him on board I might put him into the guard-boat, and at the same time assured me that nothing more was meant than a complement. Finding nothing more could be done at the time, I went on board, attended with the same officer, in company with Mr. Forster, an English officer in their service, who had obtained leave to go on board to dine with me. In the evening, Mr. Banks and the other gentlemen prepared themselves to go on shore with me to wait on the Vice Roy, but no one was permitted to pass the guard-boat but myself. They, therefore, were obliged to return on board. I went immediately to the Vice Roy, and desired he might be acquainted (for I could not see him) that I was much obliged to his Excellency for the complement he was pleased to pay me; but as it was an honour that would not be paid to any commander of his Most Faithful Majesty's ship in any British port, and as no complement was paid to the commanders of the Dolphin and Tamer 20 when they were here, who were of higher

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1768 30 Nov.

He remonstrates.

The Viceroy firm.

Insists on a guard.

Cook's requirements.

Obstacles thrown in his way.

The King's orders.

Cook protests in vain.

rank than me, I hoped that his Excellency would not insist on my accepting of it. I then remonstrated against Mr. Banks not being permitted to come on shore. His Excellency's answer was that the commanders of their ships would not expect the same complement to be paid them in our ports; that he did not know what was acted in this place when the Dolphin and Tamer was here, it being before his time; that he could not give leave to any of the gentlemen or officers, except myself, to come on shore; that he acted according to orders from his Court, and that they were such as he could not dispense with. I desired that his Excellency might be acquainted that, as he had given his word that nothing more was meant by the officer attending me than a complement, I should be content to accept it when on shore, but the suffering either officer or soldier to come into my boat had so much the appearance of a guard, the admitting of which I could not answer to their Lordships, as they must see it in a different light to what his Excellency meant it, to which I received for answer that if I would not admit an officer or soldier into my boat I must not expect to come any more on shore.

I was much chagrined at this answer, seeing plainly what treatment I had to expect, and had some thoughts of puting to sea again next day, but when reflected on the time that would be lost by puting in here, and that by this time a great part of my water-casks were on shore, I resolved to stay until I had procured the necessaries I wanted, and accordingly the next morning carried to the Vice Roy an account thereof in writing, both for daily subsistence and sea store, who gave orders for me to be furnished with the whole, except the use of a stage for cleaning the ship's bottom, which he said I could not be allowed unless one of their carpenters inspected the ship and reported her in want of such repairs. This I would not permit.

Notwithstanding the orders said to be given for me to be supplied with everything I wanted, I met with numerous obstacles under various and most frivolous pretences. It was with the utmost difficulty I obtained leave for one of my people (tho' attended by a soldier) to go into the market to buy fish, fruit, &c, for my table. All the answer I could obtain to the repeated remonstrances, I made against a guard put into my boat was that it was the King's orders, and could not be dispensed with. I, therefore, on Thursday, the 17th, drew up a memorial to his Excellency, and sent it by an officer, together with a letter from Mr. Banks, 21 to both of which we received answer the next day;

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COOK AND THE VICEROY.

1768 30 Nov.

His boat's crew imprisoned.

He demands their release.

The longboat adrift.

and the day following I sent a second memorial to his Excellency, by Lieutenant Hicks, with orders not to suffer a soldier to be put into the boat; that if the guard-boat would not permit him to go on shore without, to deliver the letter to that officer, and return on board. Upon his coming to the guard and refusing to admit a soldier into the boat, the officer attended him in his own boat to the landing-place. As soon as Mr. Hicks had left the boat a guard was put into her; the Vice Roy refused receiving the letters, and sent word that unless I would suffer a guard to be put into the boat all communication was shut up between me and him. Mr. Hicks then insisted on returning on board in his own boat, and in the same manner as he came on shore; but upon his persisting in not going into the boat unless the guard was order'd out, all the boat's crew were, by arm'd force, beat out of the boat (though they gave no provocation, nor made the least resistance), and hurried to prison, where they remained until the next day. Mr. Hicks was then by force put into one of their boats, and brought on board under the custody of a guard. Immediately upon my hearing of this, I wrote a letter demanding my men and boat, and his Excellency's reasons for detaining them, and enclosed the memorial he had refused to receive and sent it by a petty officer, as I had never objected to a guard being put into a boat wherein was no commission'd officer. He was admitted ashore and deliver'd the letter, and was told an answer would be sent the next day. This evening betwixt eight and nine o'clock came on an excessive hard storm of wind and rain. The longboat at this time coming on board with four pipes of wine in her went adrift, and having no boat to send after her but the yawl, which was not able to tow her one way or another, they were obliged to bring her to a grapnel, where they left her full of water, and got on board with the yawl about 2 in the morning. The next morning sent to the Vice Roy to acquaint him with what had happened, to desire leave and the assistance of a shore boat to look after our longboat, and at the same time to demand my pinnace and the crew. After some time the whole was granted, and we was so fortunate as to find the longboat the same day. The pendant which the pinnace always wore when an officer was in her was taken away. This the Vice Roy laid to the storm, but I was inform'd the centinel struck the mast and took it away.

[Image of page 62]

1768 30 Nov.

The Viceroy replies.

Charges the crew with smuggling.

The letters sent home.

Cook remains on board.

An invidious distinction.

On Monday evening, the 21st, I received his Excellency's answer to my last memorial and letter sent by one of his officers, by whom I sent an answer to that part of his Excellency's memorial wherein he doubts the ship belongs to the King; and in answer to the letter concerning the detention of my boat and her crew, I thought it only necessary to acquaint his Excellency with the taking away the pendant. At the expiration of two days I received answers to both. In this his memorial he accuseth my people of smuggling, a thing I am very certain they were not guilty of, and for which his Excellency could produce no proof. This memorial I answer'd, but dropp'd the affair of the boat. On the 28th I unexpectedly received another memorial from his Excellency in answer to my last, drawn up in such a manner as I thought called upon me to answer.

I have here enclosed copys 22 of all the memorials and letters that have pass'd between the Vice Roy and me, which will be forwarded to you by the captain of a Spanish packet, 23 now in this port, who will sail in a few days for Old Spain, and I shall leave in the hands of the Vice Roy duplicates thereof, to be forwarded by him to Lisbon. In this my letter I have stated the whole transactions as they hap'ned from time to time without reasoning upon any one point, soothing or aggravating circumstances. I must not omit more fully to acquaint you that no one of my boats was ever permitted to pass between the ship and the shore without a soldier being put in her. This practice I was obliged to submit to, otherwise I could not have obtained the supply I wanted; but, rather than suffer myself to be made a prisoner in my own boat, I kept on board, and notwithstanding my many embarrassments I met with I have got a recruit of provisions and water, with many other refreshments, and shall now put to sea without loss of time in as good a condition for prosecuting the voyage as the day we left England. It may not be improper to observe that the Vice Roy always pretended that the orders and customs respecting foreign ships were general, yet the Spanish packet, which put in here from the River of Plate, met with a very different reception. No guard was put over her, and the officers were at liberty to go wherever they pleased; and whereas the Vice Roy has, in some of his memorials, made mention of my people smugling, I must, in justice to myself, to the other officers, and to the crew in general, declare that

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COOK AND THE VICEROY.

1768 30 Nov

Captain Forster.

it is my firm belief that so far from anything being smugled ashore here, that not sixpenny worth of any kind of goods was on board the ship for that purpose.

I have, &c,
JAMES COOK.

P.S.--Least any of his Maj's ships should touch here before the dispatches I forward from hence comes to hand, or that they should miscarry, I have left for the command'g officer copys of these memorials with Capt'n Forster, an English officer in the Portuguese service, and a man of honour (who hath interested himself a good deal in our behalf), with directions that if no ship arrives here in a certain time he is to forward them to you.

Since writing the foregoing P.S. I am informed that Captain Forster is taken into custody by order of the Vice Roy for having interested himself in our behalf, so that I have now no opp'y left of leaving a duplicate of the memorials, &c, as I intended doing. 24


Cook state his case.

Sent for a pilot.

His officer detained.

[Enclosure.]

LIEUTENANT COOK TO THE VICEROY OF BRAZIL.

The Memorial of Lieutenant James Cook, commander of his Britannick Majesty's ship Endeavour, to his Excellency Count Rolim, Viceroy and Captain-General of the States of Brazil.

LEAST mistake or misrepresentation should hereafter be alledged as excuses for the unexampled treatment which I have met with in this port, I think it necessary to state to your Excellency every particular relating thereto in writing, that from your answer I may be able (without being liable to mistake) to represent to my Court the particulars of that treatment, which I am confident is such as before was never offer'd to any commander of a British ship-of-war.

On Sunday morning last, on my arrival off this port, I sent my first lieutenant before me (from the very mouth of the river where I was at that time becalm'd) to acquaint your Excellency with the reasons which induced me to touch here, and request of you the assistance of a pilot to bring me up to proper anchoring-grounds. The breeze, after this, fresh'ning, I made sail up the river, and, meeting with neither difficulty nor danger to retard me, came to an anchor where I now lay, wondering much that no such assistance had been sent to me; but how much more was I surprized when my boat return'd informing me that my officer was detain'd on shore. On this I prepar'd myself to go

[Image of page 64]

1768 30 Nov.

His ship guarded,

and himself.

His forbearance,

severely taxed,

gives way at last.

on shore and in form demand him; but before I could do that a boat came on board my ship bringing several of your Excellency's officers, who asked, many and very particular questions, all which were answer'd with the utmost candour and precesion. They told me that my lieutenant had not been confin'd, but allow'd he had been detain'd, and said it was the constant custom to detain any one who came ashore from a ship till a boat from your Excellency had visited it.

About this time I observed a boat filled with soldiers constantly rowing about my ship, and on asking them their business was informed that they had absolute orders from your Excellence to permit nobody but myself to go on shore, and to hinder every one of his faithful Majesty's subjects from coming on board of my ship unless they had particular leave so to do.

The next day or Monday morning, after having been ashore and waited upon your Excellency, I found myself put into the custody of a guard, who insisted on going into my boat with me, an insult which I am well convinced was never before born by any commander of a ship of war belonging to his Britannick Majesty.

Yet all this I suffer'd patiently, for thinking it impossible that such treatment could be agreeable to your Excellency's orders I was willing to imagine it proceeded from some mistake, which might, on proper application, be clear'd up, looking upon it as my duty to avoid as much as in me lay anything which in its consequences tend towards a breach of that cordiality and friendship which has so long subsisted between their Britannick and Faithful Majestys.

Three days have I remain'd in this situation, the same indignities and affronts being daily repeated, notwithstanding I have every day waited on your Excellency and remonstrated against them in person. I, therefore, can no longer delay to acquaint your Excellency that it is my determin'd resolution that after twenty-four hours have elapsed from the delivery of this no officer or soldier shall upon any pretence whatsoever attempt to set his foot in my boat where myself or any one of his Britannick Majesty's officers now under my command shall be, as the suffering of such an indignity (knowing it to be design'd) would be sufficient to render me unworthy of the rank in his Britannick Majesty's service which I now have the honour to bear.

I expect the fav'r of your Excellency's answer without delay, as my future conduct whilst I remain in this harbour, as well as the reports I shall forward from hence to the King, my master, must intirely be regulated accordingly.

(Signed) JAMES COOK.

Dated on board his Britannick Majesty's ship Endeavour, in the harbour of Rio de Janeiro, the 17th of November, 1768. A true copy. (Signed) J.C.

[Image of page 65]

COOK AND THE VICEROY.

1768 30 Nov.

The Viceroy's surprise.

His master's orders.

Customs in the port.

Cook not forced to stop.

England and Portugal.

[Enclosure.]

THE VICEROY TO LIEUTENANT COOK.

The Memorial of the Count de Azambuja, Viceroy of the Estate of Brazil, in answer to another from Lieutenant James Cook, commander of his Britannick Majesty's ship the Endeavour.

I AM not a little surprized at the novelty that Lieutenant James Cook finds in the treatment that his ship has had in this port, being in all its points which he takes notice of in conformity not only with the orders of his Most Faithful Majesty my master, but to the antient custom of the same port; not only so, but that in the year sixty-six I myself practised it in Bahia 25 with a ship of the same English nation, and with another of the Dutch; and this is the reason why before anything else the solemn cerimony was made which I practised with your officers in asking them if you would subject yourself to the customs and orders that are in this port, because only under this subjection, and the information that is taken in the visit which is made, 26 that you put into this port with real necessity, it is that you are admitted. Wherefore, if you think it hard subjecting to what in your memorial you express, it is in your power to (go when you please) leave the port, because I did not admit you in it on other conditions, neither can I dispence with the orders I have. It is well known the great amity which has reigned for many years between the Portuguese and English nation; and the last war shows how much we are faithful to this alliance; and also it is well known how the English are received in all our ports of Europe, Africa, and Asia; but those of America are, and always were, prohibited to all foreign nations, because on the contrary follows the ruin of our commerce; and upon so justifiable a reason all foreign ships have always subjected themselves in these ports to all

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1768 30 Nov.

Cook's indignation

The ancient custom of the port applicable to merchantmen.

The Dolphin and Tamar respectfully received.

cautions that are taken to this end, which is never more necessary to be put in practice than when the same ships oppose them, because then they become more suspicious.

Rio Janeiro, 18 November, 1768.
(Signed) CONDE DE AZAMBUJA.
Attested copy. (Signed) JAMES COOK.


[Enclosure.]

LIEUTENANT COOK TO THE VICEROY.

MOST EXCELLENT SIR;--

Inclosed I send the memorial that my first lieut't this forenoon was order'd to present to your Excellency; the refusal of his delivering it, as not attended by a guard, which he, according to my determin'd resolution and the antient custom of this race, could not suffer, makes it necessary now to forward it by one of my midshipmen, by whom I, likewise in form, demand my boat, with its crew, which, I am informed, your Excellency has thought proper to detain, as well as your Excellency's reasons for so doing.

I am, &c,
(Signed) JAM'S COOK.
Dated on board his Britannick Majesty's ship Endeavour, in the harbour of Rio de Janeiro, the 19th of November, 1768. A true copy. (Signed) J.C.


[Enclosure,]

The Memorial of Lieutenant James Cook, commander of his Britannick Majesty's ship Endeavour, in answer to one from his Excellency Count Rolim, Viceroy and Captain-General of the States of Brazil.

I CANNOT help being surprized that your Excellence should plead the antient custom of the ports of Brazil as an excuse for the treatment that I have met with here, and the more so as I shall prove to your Excellency that whatever may have been the usage with regard to merchantmen no such treatment was ever before offer'd to any ship wearing his Britannick Majesty's pendant; this confirms my suspicion of your Excellency being still under a mistake, which I shall endeavour as far as it is in my power to clear up.

On the 14th of September, 1764, his Britannick Majesty's ships Dolphin and Tamer, under the command of Commodore Byron, came to an anchor in this harbour, where, so far from meeting with either indignity or insult, they were received (by

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COOK AND THE VICEROY.

1768 30 Nov.

Lieutenant Hicks.

Cook anxious to go.

Will report to his Court.

The guard.

your Excellency's predecessor) 27 with all the respect that was their due; that I am convinced of by a journal of those ships now in my possession, which on my departure from England was deliver'd to me by their Right Honourable the Lords Commissioners for executing the office of Lord High Admiral of Great Britain, &c, as well as by two officers now with me, who were both at that time on board the commodore's ship. 28 As for your Excellency's behaviour to an English ship at Bahia, I am very certain that such ship must have belong'd either to some merchant or trading company, as no commander of a ship belonging to his Britannick Majesty could have answer'd to his Court the having submitted to any such treatment.

Whether or not I would comply with the customs usual in this port was a question put to my first officer as soon as he landed; his answer was that I would conform to any regulations which his Britannick Majesty's ships had before complied with, an answer worthy is [sic] prudence, and by the true meaning of which alone I shall regulate my future compliances.

Your Excellency tells me that I am at liberty when I please to leave the port; this I must answer by saying that I am very desirous of so doing, did not the same reasons that induced me to come in (which your Excellency has long ago been acquainted with) make my stay here necessary. As soon, however, as I shall have received the supplys which I have applied for, your Excellency may depend on my leaving it with all expedition, as I can have no one inducement to remain in a place where I have met with such unexpected ill-treatment.

It appears very extraordinary to me, and doubtless will do so to my Court, that notwithstanding the same treaty of peace and amity still subsists between their Britannick and Most Faithful Majestys, orders of so different a nature from those formerly practis'd should now have been issued out in this port.

Your Excellency has omitted giving an answer to that part of my memorial which most required it. I mean my complaint of your insisting upon putting officers or soldiers into my boats, a circumstance which, minutely and in all its particulars, must be properly reported to my Court.

(Signed) J. COOK.
Dated on board his Britannick Majesty's ship the Endeavour, in the harbour of Rio de Janeiro, the 19th of November, 1768.
A true copy. (Signed) J.C.

[Image of page 68]

1768 30 Nov.

The Viceroy on his dignity.

He resorts to force.

Replies to Cook's memorial.

[Enclosure.]

THE VICEROY TO LIEUTENANT COOK.

Rio de Janeiro, 20 Nov., 1768.

YOUR second lieutenant 29 came here yesterday after dinner with your letter, and as at the same time came to me a report that he would not admit a centinel in your boat, requiring several times the officer of the round, I sent him word to return to his ship, because upon that violence I could not admit the letter he brought me, nor give him audience. He answer'd, pertinaciously, that if he went he would return in the same manner without a centinel, and that if here one was put in he would throw him overboard, which obliged me to let remain your boat, putting her people in security, and remit the said officer to your ship in the same boat that went to relieve the round that was there; and if in this diligencia [sic] there was some small indecency, the said officer of yours gave cause for it with his petulancy and imprudence; and that greater disturbances may not happen, I hope you will not send him ashore.

Your, &c,
(Signed) CONDE DE AZAMBUJA.
Attested copy. (Signed) J.C.


[Enclosure.]

THE VICEROY TO LIEUTENANT COOK.

The Memorial of the Count Viceroy of the Estate of Brazil, in answer to that of Lieutenant James Cook, commander of his Britannick Majesty's ship the Endeavour.

NO solid foundation has your adimiracao [sic] because I follow the orders which generally is order'd to be practised, and is practis'd, in the ports of America, and if some of my antecessours have relaxed in some particular case I am not obliged to answer for it, but they may have had for this efecto [sic] particular orders which to me are wanting, and the example 30 on which you discourse, as it was so immediate to the war, the reliques whereof might make necessary this proceeding or the great necessity of the same ships.

This does not interfere in the present case, because for the things that your ship wants it is not necessary coming ashore continually, especially appearing afected [sic] the same necessity, because from whence comes fruit and greens so fresh as I am

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COOK AND THE VICEROY.

1768 30 Nov.

His suspicions.

Precautionary measures.

The Viceroy's logic.

More stringent measures.

Cook's commission.

assured cannot want so much water; and, lastly, it makes me dubious from the make of the ship and for other circumstances that she is the King's. That which I alledge of Bahia is not of any small company, but of the East India Company, whose great reputation is well known, and what considerable part it makes of the British monarchy.

When your officer came to ask leave to enter this port, it was asked him if you would be subject to the orders and customs of these ports, and to all those cautions necessary to prevent contraband, one of which is not to come any vessel on shore without a centinel to see what she carrys, and that she does not come ashore in any other part but over against this pallace, for there to be guarded, also her people.

This is the condition with which I permitted not only the entry of your ship, but also the furnishing of things that are necessary for you. If you find that you are not obliged it, and if you will not be subject to it, founded on the answer of your officer, you should not upon this argue much; and I only answer that in this case also I have no obligation to furnish you with anything, nor to let your vessels come ashore; and as to this last part, to prevent disputes and embarrasments, it will be more convenient that you deliver your letters to the officer of the round, in the guard-boat, for him to bring me them when he is relieved; and as to the treatys whereof you discourse, it is a thing that can only be examin'd and. interpretated by our Courts, because to me only belongs the execution of the orders I have. Rio de Janiero, the 20th November, 1768.

(Signed) CONDE DE AZAMBUJA.
Attested copy. (Signed) JAMES COOK.


[Enclosure.]

LIEUTENANT COOK TO THE VICEROY.

The Memorial of Lieutenant James Cook, commander of his Britannick Majesty's ship the Endeavour, in answer to one from his Excellency Count Rolim, Viceroy and Captain-General of the States of Brazil.

YOUR Excellency doubting whether or not my ship realy belongs to his Britannick Majesty, is easily answer'd by my commission which has been shew'd to the officer who brought your Excellency's memorial, and is ready to be produced to your Excellence whenever you will let me bring it ashore in a proper manner.

(Signed) JAMES COOK.
Dated on board his Britannick Majesty's ship the Endeavour, in the harbour of Rio de Janeiro, this 21st of November, 1768.
A true copy. (Signed) J.C.

[Image of page 70]

1768 30 Nov.

His pendant.

Displaced by the storm.

The Endeavour like a trader.

[Enclosure.]

LIEUTENANT COOK TO THE VICEROY.

MOST EXCELLENT SIR,--

Among the many indecencies and affronts offer'd to my boat and boat's crew on Saturday night last it gave me great concern to hear that my pendant, the ensign of his Britannick Majesty's commission, which is never struck but by force of declar'd enemies, has been taken down and is still detain'd on shore.

I am, &c,
(Signed) JAMES COOK.
Dated on board his Britannick Majesty's ship the Endeavour, in the harbour of Rio de Janeiro, the 21st of November, 1768.
A true copy. (Signed) J.C.


[Enclosure.]

THE VICEROY TO LIEUTENANT COOK.

YOUR boat having a centinel within for to guard her, one thing and another rowled overboard with the storm that did it; the boat of the Round saved it, but at this time he did not see neither the mast nor the pendant, which I believe the storm put out of its place, and notwithstanding the diligence used they have not yet appeared.

Rio, 22 November, 1768.
(Signed) CONDE DE AZAMBUJA.
Attested copy. (Signed) JAMES COOK.


[Enclosure.]

THE VICEROY TO LIEUTENANT COOK.

The Memorial of the Count Viceroy of the Estates of Brazil, in in answer to that of Lieutenant James Cook, commander of his Britannick Majesty's ship the Endeavour.

HIS Britannick Majesty's ships-of-war have come to this port of themselves manifested what they were. Yours of its self alone does not discover that she is his Britannick Majesty's, so that this truth merely depends on your assertion and on your commission. I believe you are a gentleman of honour, and incapable of deceiving me, but as this is the first time I have the fortune of seeing you, and though the documents be ever so sacred, as this is, they are not exempt from contradiction-- this consideration is enough for my doubt, and by consequence for my cautions, which experience in part shews me they are not without reason, because, notwithstanding all care, I am

[Image of page 71]

COOK AND THE VICEROY.

1768 30 Nov.

Alleged smuggling.

Cook explains.

His commission.

A false report.

The Viceroy's suspicions.

informed that always [already] your people have smugled some goods.

Rio, 22 of November, 1768.
(Signed) CONDE DE AZAMBUJA.
Attested copy. (Signed) JAMES COOK.


[Enclosure.]

LIEUTENANT COOK TO THE VICEROY.

The Memorial of Lieutenant James Cook, commander of his Britannick Majesty's ship Endeavour, in answer to one from his Excellency Count Rolim, Viceroy and Captain-General of the States of Brazil, dated the 22 Novem'r, 1768.

IT is admitted that this ship hath not that warlike appearance that others of his Britannick Majesty's who has put in here might have manifested, she being fitted out for the receiving on board such persons as should be appointed to observe the transit of Venus over the sun's disk as the most convenient for that purpose of any in the Royal Navy. It seems strange, and is a new thing to me, that the build, make, or shape of a ship should prove whether she belongs to the King or subject, that, in foreign parts, when questioned can be only proved by the commission, which ever before now was thought sufficient.

Your Excellency's doubts and information of my people smugling are certainly ill-founded, and can amount to no more than perhaps one of the sailors selling his jacket or shirt from off his back for a bottle of rum. If even this or anything of greater moment can be proved upon any of my people, your Excellency would do well to take the person so offending into custody and acquaint me therewith, that I may punish him for acting contrary to my express orders and my word of honour, which I gave to the officers who first visited the ship, that no such thing should be done.

(Signed) JAM'S COOK.
Dated on board his Britannick Majesty's ship the Endeavour, in the harbour of Rio de Janeiro, the 24th of November, 1768.
A true copy. (Signed) J.C.


[Enclosure.]

THE VICEROY TO LIEUTENANT COOK.

The Memorial of the Count Viceroy of the Estate of the Brazil, in answer to one from Lieutenant James Cook, commander of his Britannick Majesty's ship the Endeavour.

ADMITTED that the ship of itself does not manifest being his Britannick Majesty's, and it being also true that a Patent may

[Image of page 72]

1768 30 Nov.

No advices sent to Portugal.

Smuggling.

Counterfeit commissions.

Uniforms and letters of credit.

Object of the voyage.

be counterfeit, necessarily to me this matter remains unproved. I grant that commonly the Patent is what is attended to in such like cases, but this is well when this point is of little importance, and not when it brings great consequences.

The same reasons that you alledge of your voyage being directed meerly on some astronomical observations 31 gives one the greatest distrust, because in this case it appears that according to reason and custom his Most Faithful Majesty should be beforehand advised of this voyage, to prevent your meeting the embarrassments you are experiencing.

As to your people, without your being acquainted, they may bring about them hidden things of value that are not bulky; but I am much obliged to you for your willingness to prevent motive of scandal.

Rio a 27 November, 1768.
(Signed) CONDE DE AZAMBUJA.
Attested copy. (Signed) JAMES COOK.


[Enclosure.]

LIEUTENANT COOK TO THE VICEROY.

The Memorial of Lieutenant James Cook, commander of his Britannick Majesty's ship Endeavour, in answer to one from his Excellency Count Rolim, Viceroy and Captain-General of the States of Brazil, dated the 27th of November, 1768.

IF my commission should be counterfeited, it follows, of course, that every other officer's commissions and warrants are counterfeits, that all other papers in the ship tending to the same end are counterfeits, that the officers' and marines' uniforms are counterfeited, and, lastly, the letters of credit I brought with me from Madeira are counterfeited. Was this true, your Excellency must agree with me in declaring it to be the most strange, the most daring, and the most publiek piece of forgery that was ever committed in the whole world.

The astronomical observations of the transit of the planet Venus, for which alone this voyage is undertaken, is not, nor ever was, intended to be made in any part of his Most Faithful Majesty's dominions, or that of any other European State. It

[Image of page 73]

AT BATAVIA.

1768 30 Nov.

Unexpected treatment.

seems, therefore, contrary both to custom and reason that his Most Faithful Majesty should be beforehand advised thereof, when even the putting into this port was mearly accidental, and for no other reason than the necessity I was under of somewere recruiting my stock of provisions and water, not doubting but I should here meet with a friendly reception from the subjects of a King between whom and the King, my master, the long-established amity and alliance were never before known to be violated.

(Signed) JAMES COOK.
Dated on board his Britannick Majesty's ship the Endeavour, in the harbour of Rio de Janeiro, the 28th of November, 1768.


1771 9 May

The letter from Batavia.

Its contents.

Sickness at Batavia.

Deaths at sea.

LIEUTENANT COOK TO SECRETARY STEPHENS.

Endeavour, bark [at sea], 9 May, 1771.

SIR,--

Please to acquaint my Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty that the inclosed 32 is a copy of a letter I transmitted to you in October last (by the Kronenburg, Captain Fredrick Kelgar, a Dutch Indiaman), together with a journal of the proceedings of the whole voyage to that time, and the necessary charts and plans. That letter, but more particularly the journals, will inform you with the reasons that induced me to nave the ship hove down at Batavia, which was certainly a very fortunate circumstance, as her bottom was considerably worse than we had any reason to expect. The damage we had sustain'd was of such a nature as to be soon repair'd very much to my satisfaction, and I had every other assistance from the Dutch I wanted that the place afforded. That uninterrupted state of health we had all along enjoyed was soon after our arrival at Batavia succeeded by a general sickness, which delayed us there so much that it was the 26th of December before we were able to leave that place. We were fortunate enough to loose but few men at Batavia, but on our passage from thence to the Cape of Good Hope we had twenty-four men died, 33 all or most

[Image of page 74]

1771 9 May.

Cape of Good Hope.

Journals and charts.

of them of the bloody flux. This fatal disorder reign'd in the ship with such obstinacy that medicines, however skillfully administered, had not the least effect. I arrived at the Cape on the 14th of March, and quitted it again on the 14th of April, and on the 1st of May arrived at St. Helena, where I joined his Maj's ship Portland, which I found ready to sail with the convoy. We put to sea on the 4th instant, soon after which I found, what from the heaviness of our sailing and the bad condition of our sails and rigging, so unable to keep up with the fleet that a seperation seem'd most probable. For this reason, and to guard against any accident that may happen to us, I have herewith put on board the Portland such of the officers' journals and charts I think will give most insight into the voyage, having not a copy of my own ready.

I am, &c,
JAM'S COOK.


12 July.

At the Downs.

Death of Hicks.

Clerke promoted.

Cook's journals, charts, and drawings.

LIEUTENANT COOK TO SECRETARY STEPHENS.

Endeavour, bark, Downs, 12 July, 1771.

SIR,--

It is with pleasure I have to request that you will be pleased to acquaint my Lords Commiss'rs of the Admiralty with the arrival of his Majesty's bark under my command at this place, where I shall leave her to wait until further orders; and in obedience to their Lordships' orders immediately, and with this letter, repair to their office, in order to lay before them a full acco't of the proceedings of the whole voyage.

I make no doubt but what you have received my letters and journals forwarded from Batavia in Dutch ships in October last, and likewise my letter of the 10th of May, together with some of the officers' journ'ls which I put on board his Majesty's ship Portland, since which time nothing material hath hap'ned excepting the death of Lieutenant Hicks. The vacancy made on this occasion I filled up by appointing Mr. Charles Clerke, a young man well worthy of it, and as such must beg leave to recommend him to their Lordships. This, as well as all other appointments made in the bark vacant by the death of former officers agreeable to the enclosed list, will, I hope, meet their approbation.

You will herewith receive my journals containing an account of the proceedings of the whole voyage, together with all the charts, plans, and drawings I have made of the respective places we have touched at, which you will be pleased to lay before their Lordships. I flatter myself that the latter will be found sufficient to convey a tolerable knowledge of the places they are

[Image of page 75]

DECEASED OFFICERS.

1771 12 July.

Promotions.

intended to illustrate, and that the discoveries we have made, tho' not great, will apologize for the length of the voyage.

I have, &c,
JAM'S COOK.


[Enclosure.]

List of Officers appointed to his Majesty's bark the Endeavour by Lieutenant James Cook, commander, in the room of others, deceas'd.

1770, Nov. 6th--William Perry, surgeon, in the room of Will'm B. Monkhouse, died 5 Nov., 1770, at Batavia.

1771, Feb. I)--Sam'l Evans, boatsw'n, in the room of Jno. Gathrey, [Guthrey] died 4 Feb'y, 1771, at sea.

1771, Feb. 13--George Nowell, carpent'r, in the room of Jno. Satterly, died 12 Feb'y, 1771, at sea.

1771, Ap'l 16--Rich'd Pickersgill, master, in the room of Robt. Molineaux, died 15 April, 1771, at sea.

1771, May 26--Jno. Gore, second lieutenant, in the room of Zach'h Hicks, died 25 May, 1771, at sea.

1771, May 26--Charles Clerke, third lieut't, in the room of Jno. Gore, appointed second lt., 26 May, 1771.

JAM'S COOK.


Dr. Knight's azimuth useless at sea.

Too complex.

LIEUTENANT COOK TO SECRETARY STEPHENS.

Endeavour, bark, 12 July, 1771.

SIR,--

My Lords Commiss'rs of the Admiralty were pleased in the year 1768, before I sail'd from England, to order the Endeavour, bark, to be supplied with one of Dr. Knight's azimuth compasses of an improved construction, and directed me upon my return to report to you how I found the same to answer; they, at the same time, were pleased to order on board a quantity of malt for scorbutic and other puthrid diseases, and directed that the surgeon was to keep a journal of its effects in such cases, which journal was to be transmitted to you at the end of the voyage.

Agreeable to their Lordships' commands, I am to acquaint you that I never once was able to make use of the compass in a troubled sea, and the reason was this, I could not make the brass box keep a horizontal plain; the motion of the ship always made it incline one way or another, from which it would not of itself return; I will not say that this was owing to any fault in its construction, but rather think it owing to my ignorance in not knowing properly how to adjust it; however, I think it by far too complex an instrument ever to be of general use at sea.

[Image of page 76]

1771 12 July.

The surgeon's journal.

Malt.

State and condition of the ship.

You will receive inclosed a journal of scorbutic cases, and the effects malt, made into fresh wort, had in the scurvy, drawn up by Mr. Perry, who was then Mr. Monkhouse's mate, and at his death succeeded him as surgeon of the bark, for Mr. Monkhouse, who did not die till we got to Batavia, left no journal properly drawn up and attested by himself. To Mr. Perry's remarks I have only to add, that in February, 1770, we found the malt so indifferent (notwithstanding it was properly dry and sweet) that the surgeon could make little or no use of it in the common way. Having at this time a good deal remaining, and in order that we might reap some benefit from it, I order'd as strong a wort to be made of it as possible, and in it boil'd ground wheat for the people's breakfasts; it made a very pleasant mess, which the people were very fond of; it took to make 22 or 24 gallons of wort from 4 to 7 gallons of malt, according as the casks turn'd out good or bad. We continued this method as long as we had any left, and had great reason to think that the people received much benefit from it.

I have, &c,
JAM'S COOK.


[Enclosure.]

State and Condition of His Majesty's bark Endeavour, Lieutenant James Cook, commander, in the Downs, the 12th July, 1771

Complement .. .. 85
Borne........ 82
Muster'd ...... 80

Checqued--
Widows' Men .. .. 2
With leave .. .. 0
Without leave .. .. 0

Lent........ 0

Sick--
On board...... 19
On shore .. .. .. 0
the complement--
Officers and servants .. 17
Petty and able .. 57
Ordinary .. .. .. 0
Landsmen.. .. .. 0
Marines .. .. .. 8
Short of complement .. .. 3

Supern'y--
Belonging to the ships .. 0
Belonging to no ship .. 8

Whole number victual'd .. 88

Prov'ns on b'd for the complem't at whole allowance--

Bread .. .. (days) 21
Beer .. . " 0
Arrack .. .. " 28
Beef .. .. (weeks) 4
Pork ..... " 4
Pease ... " 4
Oatmeal ... " 4 or rice
Flour .. .. " 0
Suet .. .. " 0
Thist .. .. " 0
Butter ,
Cheese Sugar .. " 4
Oil .. .. " 0
Vinegar .. .. " 0

Tons of water .. .. 10

Stores wanting--
Boatswain's, gunner's carpenter's.

Officers--
Absent .. .. .. 0
Occasion .. .. .. 0

Condition of the bark .. .. Foul.
When last cleaned .. .. 12 Nov., 1770.

JAM'S COOK.

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DESERVING OFFICERS.

1771 August.

Deserving officers.

Pickersgill.

Clerke.

Wilkinson.

Edgcumbe.

Hutching.

Smith and Manley.

LIEUTENANT COOK TO SECRETARY STEPHENS.

August, 1771.

THE under-mentioned persons, late belonging to his Majesty's bark the Endeavour, are humbly recommended to my Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty as worthy of promotion, viz.:--

Mr. Rich'd Pickersgill, master, deserving of a lieutenant's commission.

Mr. Rich'd Orton Clerk [Clerke], formerly purser of the Barbadoes sloop and ship Arundel.
Wishes to have some place in the custom-house or any other publick office.

Mr. Fran's Wilkinson, master's mate, was with Capt. Wallis in the Dolphin.
A gunner s warrant would be acceptable.

Mr. Jno. Edgcombe, 34 serg't of marines, a good soldier, very much of a gentleman, and well deserving of promotion in the marine service.

Rich'd Hutchins, boatswain's mate, well deserving of a boat swain's warrant; would be glad to go in the Endeavour, in case Mr. Evans, present boatswain, is removed.

Mr. Isaac Smith and Mr. Isaac Manly [Manley], both too young for the preferment, yet their behavour merits the best recommendation. The former was of great use to me in assisting to make surveys, plans, drawings, &c, in which he is very expert.

J. COOK.


9 Sept.

Wheat and oatmeal.

CAPTAIN 35 COOK TO SECRETARY STEPHENS.

9 September, 1771.

SIR,--

I found it necessary in the course of my late voyage to order the company of his Majesty's bark the Endeavour, under my command, to have wheat or oatmeal boil'd with vegetables for breakfast on beef days, as well as on banyan days, at all times whenever any of the latter were to be got, which is certified by the signing officers on board. Please to move my Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty to order the wheat or oatmeal so expended to be allow'd me on my account which is now passing in the offices.

I am, &c,
JAM'S COOK.

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1771 9 Sept.

Gunner Forwood.

Wilkinson.

CAPTAIN COOK TO -----. 36

9 September, 1771.

SIR,--

Mr. Forward [Forwood], gunner of the Endeavour, has informed me that he hath applied to you for a removeal out of the said bark. Permit me to acquaint you that I believe his present ill state of hilth renders him very unfit for such a voyage. I also have to acquaint you that Mr. Wilkinson, who my Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty were pleased to keep a gunner's warrant vacant for, is dead; if their Lordships would be pleased to appoint Mr. Forward to this vacancy it would give him sufficient time to recover his hilth.

I am, &c,
JAM'S COOK.


13 Sept.

Describes places visited.

The people.

JAMES COOK TO JOHN WALKER 37

Mile End Road, 13th September, 1771.

SIR,--

In my last I gave you some account of my voyage so far as the South Sea Islands; the remainder shall be the subject of this letter. What I mean by the South Sea Islands are those that lie within and about the tropics. They are in general small, and George's Island, which is only about 33 leagues in circuit, is one of the largest. The inhabitants of this island gave us an account and the names of 130 islands lying in these seas. They are of two kinds, very low or very mountainous. The low islands are such as are called Keys in the West Indies; that is, mostly shoals, ledges of rock, etc. The chief produce of the firm land is cocoanuts. These and fish, with which all these islands abound, are the chief support of the inhabitants. The mountainous parts of the high islands are in general dry and barren, and, as it were, burned up with the sun; but all these islands are skirted round with a border of low land which is fertile and pleasant to a very high degree, being well clothed with fruit trees, which nature hath planted here for the use of the happy natives. These people may be said to be exempted from the curse of our forefathers. Scarce can it be said that they earn their bread by the sweat of their brows. Benevolent nature hath not only provided them with necessaries, but many of the luxuries of life. Loaves of bread, or at least what serves as a most excellent substitute, grow here in a manner spontaneously upon trees, besides a great many other fruits and

[Image of page 79]

NEW ZEALAND CIRCUMNAVIGATED.

1771 13 Sept.

Domestic animals.

Reached New Zealand.

The Maoris.

Language.

Feed.

roots, and the sea coasts are well stored with a vast variety of excellent fish. They have only three species of tame animals, hogs, dogs, and fowls, all of which they eat. Dogs we learnt from them also to eat, and there were but few amongst us who did not think that a South Sea dog ate as well as an English lamb. Was I to give a full description of these islands, the manner and customs of the inhabitants, etc., it would far exceed the bounds of a letter. I must therefore quit these Terrestrial Paradises, in order to follow the course of our voyage.

In the beginning of August, 1769, we quitted the tropical region, and steered to the southward, in the midst of the South Sea, to the height of 40 deg., without meeting with any land, or the least visible signs of any; we then steered to the westward, between the latitude of 30° and 40°, until we fell in with the coast of New Zealand, a very small part of the west coast of which was first discovered by Tasman in 1642, but he never once set foot upon it. This country was thought to be a part of the Southern Continent, but I have found it to be two large islands, both of which I circumnavigated in the space of six months. They extend from the latitude of 34° South to 47 1/2 ° South, and are together nearly as big as Great Britain. It is a hilly, mountainous country, but rich and fertile; especially the northern part, which is well inhabited. The inhabitants of this country are a strong, well-made, active people, rather above the common size. They are of very dark brown colour, with long black hair. They are also a brave, warlike people, with sentiments void of treachery. Their arms are spears, clubs, halberts, battleaxes, darts, and stones. They live in strongholds of fortified towns, built in well chosen situations, and according to art. We had frequent skirmishes with them, always where we were not known, but firearms gave us the superiority. At first some of them were killed, but we at last learned how to manage them without taking away their lives; and when once peace was settled, they ever after were our very good friends. These people speak the same language as the people in the South Sea Islands we had before visited, though distant from them many hundred leagues, and of whom they have not the least knowledge or of any other people whatever. Their chief food is fish and fern roots; they have, too, in places, large plantations of potatoes, such as we have in the West Indies, and likewise yams, etc. Land animals they have none, either wild or tame, except dogs, which they breed for food. This country produceth a grass plant like flags, of the nature of hemp or flax, but superior in quality to either. Of this the natives make clothing, lines, nets, etc. The men very often go naked, with only a narrow belt about their waists; the women, on the contrary,

[Image of page 80]

1771 13 Sept.

Visited New Holland.

The Natives.

never appear naked. Their government, religion, notions of the creation of the world, mankind, &c, are much the same as those of the natives of the South Sea Islands.

We left this country on the 1st of April, 1770, and steered for New Holland, all the east part of which remained undiscovered, my design being to fall in with the southern part called Van Diemen's Land; but the winds forced me to the northward of it about 40 leagues, so that we fell in with the land in latitude 38° South. I explored the coast of this country, which I called New South Wales, to the northern extremity; in the doing of which we were many times in great danger of losing the ship. Once we lay 23 hours against a ledge of rocks, were obliged to throw our guns and many of our stores overboard, received very much damage to her bottom, but by a fortunate circumstance got her into port and repaired her. Great part of this coast is covered with islands, and shoals, which made the exploring it exceeding dangerous, even to a very great degree. We sailed upon this coast near 400 leagues by the lead, with sometimes one, sometimes two and three boats ahead to direct us, and yet with all this precaution we were very often obliged to anchor with all sails standing to prevent running ashore. We at last surmounted all difficulties, and got into the Indian Sea by a passage entirely new.

The East Coast of New Holland, or what I call New South Wales, extends from 38° to 10 1/2 °. If New Holland can be called an Island it is by far the greatest in the known world. The interior part of this immense track of land is not at all known; what borders on the sea coast is a mixture of fertile and barren land: the soil, in general, is of a loose sandy nature. The natives of this country are not numerous; they are of a very dark brown or chocolate colour, with lank black hair; they are under the common size, and seem to be of a timorous, inoffensive race of men. They spoke a very different language from any we had met with. Men, women, and children go wholly naked. It is said of our first parents that, after they had eaten the forbidden fruit, they saw themselves naked and were ashamed; these people are naked and are not ashamed. They live chiefly on fish, and wild fowl, and such other articles as the land naturally produceth; for they do not cultivate one foot of it. These people may truly be said to be in the pure state of nature, and may appear to some to be the most wretched upon earth; but in reality they are far more happy than we Europeans, being wholly unacquainted, not only with the superfluities, but with many of the necessary conveniences so much sought after in Europe; they are happy in not knowing the use of them. They live in a tranquility which is not disturbed by the inequality of

[Image of page 81]

NEW GUINEA.

1771 13 Sept.

New Guinea.

Batavia.

condition; the earth, and sea, of their own accord, furnish them with all things necessary for life; they covet not magnificent houses, household stuff, &c.; they sleep as sound in a small hovel, or even in the open air, as the King in his palace on a bed of down.

After quitting New Holland we steered for the Coast of New Guinea, where we landed but once; then made the best of our way to Batavia and in our way touched at an island, partly under the Dutch East India Company. Here we got plenty of refreshments, which came very acceptable.

We arrived at Batavia in October, all in good health and high spirits. On our arrival at a European settlement we thought all our hardships at an end, but Providence thought proper to order it otherwise. The repairs the ship wanted caused a delay of near 10 weeks, in which time we contracted sickness, that here, and on our passage to the Cape of Good Hope, carried off about 30 of my people. The remainder of the voyage was attended with no material circumstances.

If any interesting circumstance should occur to me that I have omitted I will hereafter acquaint you with it. I, however, expect that my Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty will very soon publish the whole voyage, charts, etc.

Another voyage is thought of with two ships, which if it takes place I believe the command will be conferred upon me. If there is anything that I can inform you of in respect to my late voyage I shall take a pleasure in it, and believe me to be,

Your obliged servt.,
JAMES COOK.


20 Sept.

The agent at Rio.

Provisions purchased.

CAPTAIN COOK TO SECRETARY STEPHENS.

20 September, 1771.

SIR,--

When I was at Rio de Janeiro, in November, 1768, I was under a necessity of employing a person there to purchase the necessary provisions and refreshments we were in want of, as I was not permitted to do it myself, or any other person in the ship for me. (The person I employed charged for his trouble 5 p. cent, comm'ns, and likewise 5 p. cent, discount on bills of exchange for money taken up to pay for said provisions, &c.) As the former cannot be allowed without an Admiralty order, and the latter not being properly ascertained in the vouchers, please to move my Lords Commiss'rs of the Admiralty to order the same to be allowed me on passing my accounts.

Also at Madeira I purchased a quantity of oinions, which was distributed to the ship's company, and which I understood had

[Image of page 82]

1771 20 Sept.

been practised by ships on the like voyages; and likewise at Batavia, the sickly state of the ship's company made it necessary to have an extraordinary quantity of vegetables every day, which articles I have charged in my accounts, and pray their Lordships' order that it may be allowed, me.

I am, &c,
JAM'S COOK.


21 Sept.

Pickersgill.

CAPTAIN COOK TO SECRETARY STEPHENS.

Scorpion, sloop, Deptford, 21 Sep'r., '71.

SIR,--

In obedience to your letter of the 17th inst., I have to acquaint you that I have no objection to their Lordships granting Lieut. Pickersgill leave to go into the country for the recovery of his health.

I am, &c,
JAM'S COOK.


2 Dec.

The Second Voyage.

CAPTAIN COOK TO SECRETARY STEPHENS.

Deptford, 2 December, 1771.

INCLOSED is a list 38 of the petty officers and foremastmen belonging to his Majesty's sloop Scorpion, late under my command, who enter'd with an intent to go the voyage with me. Please to move my Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty to order them to be discharged into his Majesty's sloop Drake.

I AM, &c,
JAM'S COOK.

[Image of page 83]

COOK'S FATHER.

1771 3 Dec.

The Scorpion.

CAPTAIN COOK TO SECRETARY STEPHENS.

SIR,-- 3 December, 1771.

During the whole time I have com'and'd his Majesty's sloop Scorpion she hath been in extra petty warrant victualling, no sea provisions or sea stores of any kind have been expended, and but little received on board, so that none of the officers had sign'd their indents, from whence it appears that no charge of stores, sea provisions, &c, comes upon me. 39 I therefore humbly pray you will move my Lords Comrnissioners of the Admiralty to order me to be paid for said sloop without passing an accompt, which I understand is usual on the like occasions.

JAM'S COOK.


14 Dec.

An aged father.

CAPTAIN COOK TO SECRETARY STEPHENS.

SIR,-- Admiralty Office, 14 Dec, 1771.

Having some business to transact down in Yorkshire, as well as to see my aged father, 40 please to move my Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty to grant me three weeks' leave of absence for that purpose.

I am &c,
JAM'S COOK.


[Image of page 84]

1771

Quartermaster Grey.

Gunner Anderson.

CAPTAIN COOK TO SECRETARY STEPHENS. 41

SIR,--

Mr. James Grey, 42 who was with, me in the Endeavour, bark, and at present boatswain of the Cruizer, sloop, has signified his desire to go out again with me. I pray you will be pleased to move my Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty to appoint him boatswain of his Majesty's sloop Drake. Permit me, sir, to recommend to their Lordships Thos. Hardman, who has sail'd with me sence the beginning of the year 1767, in the stations of boatswain mate and sailmaker. He is well quallified to be boatswain of any of his Majesty's sloops in ordinary or Home service. His constitution at present is not sufficient to stand such a voyage as I am going, otherwise I should have applied for him to have been appointed my boatswain.

I am, &c,
JAM'S COOK.

P.S.--I shall recommend Robt. Anderson, 43 who was also with me in the Endeavour, to be appointed gunner of the Drake, provide he quallifies himself for that station.


1772 14 Jan.

Richd. Hutchins.

CAPTAIN COOK TO THE EARL OF SANDWICH. 44

MY LORD,-- 14 January, 1772.

The bearer, Richd. Hutchins, was boatswain mate of the Endeavour, bark, during the whole of her late voyage, 45 and upon

[Image of page 85]

PREPARATIONS FOR SECOND VOYAGE.

1772 14 Jan.

befriended by the Earl.

her return home your Lordship was pleased to appoint him boatswain of the said bark on the removal of the then boatswain. He soon after was taken sick and put ashore at Portsmouth; the bark sailing before he was able to go on board again, another was appointed in his room, which has reduced him to the same situation as he was before he experienced your Lordship's favour. As your Lordship has been pleased to shew so much attention to such of my people as have been recommended to you, I am imboldened to solicit your Lordship's further favour in behalf of this man, which will be most gratefully acknowledged by

Yours, &c,
JAM'S COOK.


16 Jan.

Seamen as servants.

CAPTAIN COOK TO SECRETARY STEPHENS.

SIR,-- Deptford, 16 January, 1772.

I beg leave to acknowledge the receipt of their Lordships' order of the 13th inst., directing me not to bear any servants to the officers on the books of the sloop under my command, but to enter able seamen in their room.

I am, &c,
JAM'S COOK.


27 Jan.

Picked

CAPTAIN COOK TO SECRETARY STEPHENS.

SIR,-- 27 January, 1772.

The complement of men to his Majesty's sloop Resolution being compleat, and more are coming daily to enter, some of whom may be better than those already born, and as it will be necessary to have choise pick'd men, which I am of opinion may easy be got was I empower'd to discharge such men as upon trial are found any ways defective, and to enter others in their room. If this method is approved of, please to move my Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty to give orders accordingly; but if their Lordships are pleased to detain in the service all the men I may or can enter, an order to bear them on the supernumerary list for wages and victuals untill they are turn'd over to some other of his Majesty's ships will answer every purpose.

I am, &c,
JAM'S COOK.

[Image of page 86]

1772 5 Feb.

The tides in the South Sea.

CAPTAIN COOK TO THE ASTRONOMER ROYAL. 46

(Royal Society Papers.)

AN account of the flowing of the tides in the South Sea, as observed on board his Majesty's bark Endeavour, by Lieutenant J. Cook, commander, in a letter to Nevil Maskelyne, Astronomer Royal and F.R.S.

REVEREND SIR,-- Mile End, 5 February, 1772.

I have sent you the few observations I made on the tides in the South Sea, to which I had only to add that from many circumstances and observations I am fully convinced that the flood comes from the southward, or rather from the S.E.

I am, &c,
J. COOK.


[Enclosure.]

Observations off the Australian coast:--

Lat.

Long.

High-water.

Rise & Fall.

h. m.

ft. in.

Botany Bay

34° 0'

208° 37'

8 0.

4 6

Bustard Bay

24° 30'

208° 20'

8 0.

8 0

Thirsty Sound

25° 5'

210° 24'

11 0

16 0

Endeavour River

15° 26'

214° 48'

9 30

9 0

Endeavour Straits

10° 37'

218° 45'

1 30

11 0


15 Feb.

Edward Terrel.

CAPTAIN COOK TO SECRETARY STEPHENS.

SIR,-- 15 February, 1772.

Edward Terrel, 47 seaman, who sail'd with me in the Endeavour, bark, and now belongs to his Majesty's ship Barfleur, hath apply'd by letter to sail with me again, and his friends have likewise made application in his behalf, and as he is a young man on whose conduct I can rely, I pray you will be pleased to move my Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty to order him to be discharged from the ship he now belongs into his Majesty's sloop Resolution.

I am, &c,
JAM'S COOK.


25 Feb.

Musquettoons.

CAPTAIN COOK TO SECRETARY STEPHENS.

SIR,-- 25 February, 1772.

Long musquettoons, swive'd will be of infinite use on many occasions to his Majesty's sloops the Resolution and Ad-

[Image of page 87]

PREPARATIONS FOR SECOND VOYAGE.

1772 25 Feb.

venture in the course of their present intended voyage. I beg you will be pleased to move my Lords Comissr's of the Admiralty to order the former to be supply'd with twelve and the latter with eight, and the Resolution to be supply'd the armourer's tools mentioned in the inclosed hst, in addition to those already order'd.

I am, &c,
JAM'S COOK.


27 Feb.

Shipwrights and caulkers.

CAPTAIN COOK TO SECRETARY STEPHENS.

SIR,-- 27 February, 1772.

Men that are masters of the two professions of shipwright and caulker will be very much wanting to his Majesty's sloops the Resolution and Adventure, and as I find these men are not to be got without more than common incouragement, I beg you will be pleased to move my Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty to order two additional carpenters' mates to the Resolution and one to the Adventure. The pay of this station will induce these men to enter.

I am, &c,
JAM'S COOK.


16 March.

Rob of oranges and lemons.

CAPTAIN COOK TO SECRETARY STEPHENS.

SIR,-- 16 March, 1772.

When the Endeavour was fited out to go on her late voyage she was supply'd from the Sick and Hurt Office with a quantity of rob of oranges and lemons, which we found of great use in preventing the scurvy for [from] laying hold of her crew. I therefore pray you will be pleased to move my Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty to order his Majesty's sloops the Resolution and Adventure to be supply'd with a quantity in proportion to what the Endeavour had.

I am, &c,
JAM'S COOK.


3 April.

Midshipman Maxwell.

CAPTAIN COOK TO SECRETARY STEPHENS.

SIR,-- 3 April, 1772.

In answer to your letter of the 31st of last month, I pray you will be pleased to acquaint my Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty that I am willing to receive Mr. James Maxwell as midshipman on board his Majesty's sloop Resolution.

I am, &c,
JAM'S COOK.


[Image of page 88]

1772

3 April.

Resolution at Galleons Reach.

CAPTAIN FURNEAUX 48 TO SECRETARY STEPHENS.

SIR,-- Adventure, Galleons, 3 April, 1772.

Please to acquaint their Lordships that having compleated his Majesty's sloop under my command at this port this day fell down to Galleons to take in her guns and gunners' stores, agreeable to their order of the 30th November last.

I am, &c,
TOB'S FURNEAUX.


13 April.

Wines and spirits.

Advance pay.

CAPTAIN COOK TO SECRETARY STEPHENS.

SIR,-- 13 April, 1772.

The Commissioners of the Victualing were pleased to inform me some time ago that his Majesty's sloops Resolution and Adventure were to call at Spithead to compleat their proportion of spirits and wine. I beg leave to acquaint you that they are already so full of provisions, stores, &c, that it will be next to impossible for them to take in any more spirit, and that they have sufficient of this article to last untill opportunity offers to take in more, when they will have room to stow it away;. and as they can be supply'd with port wine at Plymouth, I am humbly of opinion that the touching at Spithead will be attended with loss of time, and that it will be more adviseable, and attended with less delay, for them to call at Plymouth to take in their wine, party of marines, and to be paid two months' pay advance.

I am, &c,
JAM'S COOK.


16 April.

Articles of barter.

CAPTAIN COOK TO SECRETARY STEPHENS.

SIR,-- Admiralty Office, 16 April, 1772.

Agreeable to their Lordships' order, I have purchased all the articles intended to be sent out in the Resolution and Adventure (and which are now on board), amounting to three hundred

[Image of page 89]

PREPARATIONS FOR SECOND VOYAGE.

1772 16 April.

and nine pounds one shilling and fourpence, as will appear by the inclosed papers, which I pray you will be pleased to lay before their Lordships, and move them to order me to be repaid.

I am, &c,
JAM'S COOK.


[Enclosure.]

Accompt of sundrys purchased by order of the Right Hon'ble the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty, and put on board the Resolution and Adventure":--

To Shott of Dan'l Gow, as per bill

£10 5 0

Caps and hatts of Hen. Dekar, as pr. bill

6 0 0

Ribbons of Jef. Vaux, as per bill

4 17 9

Sundrys of Jno. Baker, as per bill

155 19 6

Beads of Jno. Howard, as per bill

26 5 0

Kettles and wire of Geo. Pougru, as per bill

22 15 7

Sundrys of Wm. Wilson

31 10 0

Sundrys of Eliz. Bath, as per bill

43 6 0

Steel of Jno. Bendoe, as per bill

3 6 0

Grindstones, &c. of Coulson & Co., as per bill

3 5 0

Waterman for puting the above on board

1 11 6

£309 1 4


22 April.

Resolution at Long Reach.

CAPTAIN COOK TO SECRETARY STEPHENS.

SIR,-- 22 April, 1772.

Please to acquaint my Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty with the arrival of his Majesty's sloop Resolution, under my command, at Long Reach, in order to take in her guns and other ordnance stores, which could not be done in Gallions Reach, there not being there a sufficient depth of water for the sloop to lay with safety.

I am, &c,
JAM'S COOK.

27 April.

The marines.

CAPTAIN COOK TO SECRETARY STEPHENS.

SIR,-- 27 April, 1772.

The party of marines which, I understand, are ordered immediately on board his Majesty's sloop Resolution, 49 under my command, will increase the number of her crew above the established complement, which is already nearly compleate; to

[Image of page 90]

1772 27 April.

Surplus crew.

discharge seamen in the river may be the means, not only of the sloop leaving England short of complement, but not being man'd with such able seamen as might be wished; I therefore pray you will be pleased to move my Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty to order the overplus men to be born on the supernumerary list untill there is an opportunity to discharge them into some of his Majesty's ships at one of the outports, after first compleating the two sloops' complements therefrom.

I am, &c,
JAM'S COOK.


30 April.

Mathematical instruments.

CAPTAIN COOK TO SECRETARY STEPHENS.

SIR,-- 30 April, 1772.

Before I sail'd from England, in the year 1768, on my late voyage, my Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty were pleased to allow me a set of mathematical instruments, in order to make surveys, observations, &c.; the same instruments being much in use in the course of that voyage received considerable damage, which I have caused to be repaired and put on board the Resolution; I have likewise provided myself with a proper quantity of stationary, which, with the instruments, amounts to thirty-nine pounds seven shillings and fourpence, as will appear by the inclosed vouchers, which, I pray, you will be pleased to lay before their Lordships, and move them to order me to be repaid.

I am, &c,
JAM'S COOK.


1 May.

Distillation of sea-water.

Nautical almanac.

CAPTAIN FURNEAUX TO SECRETARY STEPHENS.

SIR,-- Adventure, Longreach, 1 May, 1772.

I have received your letter of the 24th ult'o, with their Lordships' order of the 23'd, concerning the distillation of sea-water, with a copy of Doctor Priestly's 50 proposals for the improvement of the same; a copy of a letter from the College of Physicians; and an order directing me to cause the master and lieutenants of his Majesty's sloop under my command to provide themselves with the Nautical Almanac, which orders and directions I shall punctually comply with.

I am, &c,
TOB'S FURNEAUX.


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COOK'S SHIP THE RESOLUTION.

1772

Lieutenant Cooper.

CAPTAIN COOK TO SECRETARY STEPHENS.

Resolution, Long Reach, 6 April [should be May], '72.

SIR,--

I beg leave to acknowlidge the receipt of their Lordships' order of the 4th inst., directing me to order the lieutenant (in my absence) to proceed with his Majesty's sloop Resolution, under my command, to the Downs, which I have accordingly done.

I am, &c,
JAM'S COOK.


13 May.

A crank vessel.

A serious risk.

A typical tar.

LIEUTENANT CLERKE TO MR. BANKS 51 (Banks Papers).

SIR,-- Resolution, in Sea Reach, 13 May, 1772.

The interest you must necessarily have in matters I now trouble you with flatter myself will render any kind of apology unnecessary, so will proceed without further preface. We weigh'd anchor at Gravesend this morning, about 10 o'clock, with a fine breeze from the eastward; the wind from that quarter laid us under the necessity of working down the reaches, which work, I'm sorry to tell you, we found the Resolution very unequal to; for whilst several light colliers were working down with their whole topsails, staysails, &c.--one small brig, in particular, with her topgallant sails--these light vessels, so upright that a marble would hardly rowl from windward to leeward, the Resolution, I give you my honour, under her rieft topsails, jibb, and maintopmast staysail, heel'd within three streaks of her gunports. She is so very bad that the pilot declares he will not run the risk of his character so far as to take charge of her farther than the Nore without a fair wind; that he cannot, with safety to himself, attempt working her to the Downs. Hope you know me too well to impute my giving this intelligence to any ridiculous apprehensions, for myself. By God, I'll go to sea in a grog-tub, if required, or in the Resolution, as soon as you please; but must say I think her by far the most unsafe ship I ever saw or heard of. However, if you think proper to embark to the South Pole in a ship which a pilot (who I think by no means a timorous man) will not undertake to carry down the river, all I can say is that you shall be most chearfully attended, so long as we can keep her above water.

Yours, &c,
CHAS. CLERKE.

[Image of page 92]

1772 19 May.

The Resolution to be cut down.

A suitable vessel.

CAPTAIN COOK TO SECRETARY STEPHENS.

SIR,-- 19 May, 1772.

In consequence of Lieut. Cooper 52 representing to me that the Resolution, sloop, under my command, was found upon tryal to be so crank that she would not bear proper sail to be set upon her, I gave it as my opinion that it was owing to the additional works that have been built upon her in order to make large accommodation for the several gentlemen passengers intended to embark in her, and proposed that she might be cut down to her original state, which proposal I laid before you in my letter of the. 14th inst., 53 and likewise attended the Navy Board, who were pleased to inform me of the alteration which they proposed to make, which alteration, I am of opinion, will render her as fit to perform the voyage as any ship whatever. I understand that it has been suggested that I never thought her or these kind of vessels proper for the service she is going upon. I beg you will acquaint their Lordships that I do now and ever did think her the most proper ship for this service I ever saw, and that from the knowledge and experience I have had of these sort of vessels I shall always be of opinion that only such are proper to be sent on discoveries to very distant parts.

I am, &c,
JAM'S COOK.


21 May.

Her reputation.

CAPTAIN COOK TO SECRETARY STEPHENS.

SIR,-- Resolution, Sheerness, 21 May, 1772.

Please to acquaint their Lordships with my repairing to his Majesty's sloop Resolution, under my command, yesterday, that the intended alteration go on with great alertness, and that I shall not only forward them but take every other step to put the ship in a condition to put to sea with all possible expedition. I beg leave also to acquaint you that since the ship came alongside the jetty a stranger came into the yard who knew her in the merchant service; he, with great confidence and some warmth, asserted that at that time she not only was a stiff ship, but had as many other good quallities as any ship ever built in Whitby. This tends to refute some false suggestions that have been thrown out against her. I can only assure you that there does not remain the least doubt but what she will gain every wished for purpose.

I am, &c,
JAM'S COOK.

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SAILING QUALITIES OF ADVENTURE.

1772 22 May.

The Adventure.

Her sailing qualities.

CAPTAIN FURNEAUX TO SECRETARY STEPHENS.

SIR,-- Adventure, sloop, at Plymouth, 22 May, 1772.

I have received your letter of the 16th past, and in conformity to their Lordships' directions inclose herein the observations of the qualities on his Majesty's sloop under my command on her passage from the river.

The weather being in general calm, we had few opportunitys of making observations on her sailing, but 'tis the opinion of my officers and self that she is a vessel fit for the intended voyage, and will answer every purpose therein.

I am, &c,
TOB'S FURNEAUX.


[Enclosure.]

OBSERVATIONS of the Qualities of his Majesty's sloop the Adventure.

Her best sailing draught of water when victualled and stored for foreign service, being given this 22nd day of May, 1772
Afore. 15 feet. Abaft, 14 feet 8 inches.

Her lowest gun-deck port will then be above the surface of the water.

Quere the 1st.-- How she behaves close hauld, and how many knots she runs?
In a top-gallant gale. In a topsail gale. Under her Reeft topsail Courses.

And query.--
Whether she will stay under her course.

How she steers and how she wears and stays
No ship can steer and wear better.

Had no trial. Had no trial. Had no trial.

2nd.--In each circumstance above mentioned (in sailing with other ships), in what proportion she gathers to windward, and in what proportion she forereaches, and in general her proportion of leeway?
Have been in a tides way all the way from the river.

3rd.--How she behaves in sailing through all the variations of the wind, from its being a point or two abaft the beam to its veering forward upon the bow-line, in every strength of gale, especially in a stiff gale and a head sea; and how many knots she runs in each circumstance, and, how she carries her helm?
What little trial we have had she seems to fall and rise very easy; she carries a weather helm.

4th.--The most knots she runs before the wind, and how she rolls in the trough of the sea?
Have had light breezes and with a strong tide, seven knots.

5th.--How she behaves in lying too or a-try, under a mainsail and also under a mizen?
No trial.

6th.--What for a roader she is, and how she careens?
A very good roader.

[Image of page 94]

1772 22 May.

7th.--If upon tryal the best sailing draught of water given as above should not prove to be so, what is the best sailing abaft draught of water?
Afore
Abaft, 6 inches.
From intelligence I had from the master of her in the merchant service.

8th.--What is her draught of water when victualled to twenty-two months and stored for foreign service?
Afore, 16 ft. Abaft, 14 feet 8 inches.

9th.--What height is her gunwale then above the surface of the water?
Abaft, 7 feet 10 inches.

10th.--The trim of the ship?
At present, four inches by the head.

TOB'S FURNEAUX.


24 May.

An idle rumour.

CAPTAIN COOK TO SECRETARY STEPHENS.

SIR,-- Resolution, at Sheerness, 24 May, 1772.

Since I have been down here I have been inform'd that a report prevails in town that the crew of his Majesty's sloop Resolution, under my command, are so terrified with her former cranckness that they are afraid to stay in her. I pray you will be pleased to acquaint their Lordships that I do not find this report has any foundation in truth, and that altho' the sloop has been alongside the jetty head since she put in here, where the people can go on shore at pleasure, not one man has left her.

I am, &c,
JAM'S COOK.


25 May.

An extra hand.

CAPTAIN FURNEAUX TO SECRETARY STEPHENS.

SIR,-- Adventure, sloop, at Plymouth, 25 May, 1772.

I have received your letter of the 13th past, with the inclosures therein mentioned.

I beg you will be pleased to acquaint their Lordships that when the marines came on board I had one man more than the complement, and was obliged to put him upon the supernumerary list. And as I have no orders for bearing supernumeraries, begs their Lordships will be pleased to grant me one to bear that man till he is disposed of by the commander of his Majesty's ships at this port.

I am, &c,
TOB'S FURNEAUX.

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RESOLUTION AT SHEERNESS.

1772 31 May.

Banks remains behind.

LIEUTENANT CLERKE TO MR. BANKS 54 (Banks Papers).

SIR,-- Resolution, at Sheerness, 31 May, 1772.

I yesterday received your favour, and indeed am sorry I'm not to have the honour of attending you the other bout. Am exceedingly obliged to you, my good sir, for your kind concern of my account, but have stood too far on this tack to think of putting about with any kind of credit, so must have recourse to my old maxim--"If I can't do as well as I would,

[Image of page 96]

1772 31 May.

Cook's scheme of stowage.

A "cag of nails."

I'll do as well as I can," and fear not but I shall weather all. Thank you very heartily for the trouble you have taken in calling on Lord Rocheford; 55 your civilities to me have been such that go where I will, do me the justice to believe, sir, I shall ever carry a most grateful sense of them, and joyfully embrace any opportunity to convince you how ready I should be to express it. Captain Cook never explained his scheme of stowage to any of us; we were all very desirous of knowing, for it must have been upon a new plan intirely; know he kept whatever scheme he had quite a secret, for Cooper asked my opinion, and repeatedly declared he could form no idea how it was possible to bring it about.

Mr. Pelliser 56 was here yesterday; spent some time in looking about and examining her. They're going to stow this [the] major part of the cables in the hold to make room for the people even now. I asked Gilbert 57 if such was the present case, what the devil should we have done if we had all gone. "Oh, by God, that was impossible," was his answer. Won't say farewell now, for if you'll give me leave will tell you from Plymouth how we're likely to start, and how matters are dispos'd of. Wish you'd send a venture by me of one of your small cags of large nails, for by what I shall hear they are much better than any of my freight. Give me leave to trouble you with my best respects to Doctor Solander.

Yours, &c,
CHAS. CLERKE.


2 June.

Banks's effects taken ashore.

CAPTAIN COOK TO MR. BANKS 58 (Banks Papers).

SIR,-- Sheerness, 2 June, 1772.

I received your letter 59 by one of your people acquainting me that you had order'd everything belonging to you to be removed out of the ship, and desireing my assistance therein. I hope, sir, you will find this done to your satisfaction, and with that care the present hurry and confused state of the ship required. Some few articles which were for the mess I have kept, for which, together with the money I have remaining in my hands, I shall account with you for when I come to town. Taught by experience not to trust to the knowlidge of servants the whole of every necessary article wanting in such a voyage, I had, indipendent of what I purchased for the mess, layd in a

[Image of page 97]

COOK AND BANKS.

1772 2 June.

Entente cordiale.

stock of most articles, which will be now quite sufficient for me, and is the reason why I have not kept more of yours.

The cook and two French horn men are at liberty to go whenever they please. Several of the casks your things are in belong to the King, are charged to me, and for which I must be accountable. I shall be much obliged to you to send them to the Victualing Office when they are emptied, but desire that you will by no means put yourself to any ilconveniency on this head, as I shall not be call'd upon to account for them untill my return.

If it should not be convenient to send down for what may be still remaining in the ship, of yours, they shall be sent you by, sir,

Yours, &c,
JAM'S COOK.

I pray my best respects to the Dr., and since I am not to have your company in the Resolution, I most sincerely wish you success in all your exploring undertakens.


3 June.

John Dodsworth.

Anxious to go with Cook.

CAPTAIN COOK TO SECRETARY STEPHENS.

SIR,-- Sheerness, 3 May [should be June], 1772.

Several applycations hath been made to me by John Dodsworth, of his Majesty's ship Barfleur, to go out in the Resolution, sloop, under my command, previous to my receiving the inclosed. As he is known to some of my officers to be a good man, and the great desire he seems to have to go the voyage, induceth me to pray that you will move my Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty to grant his request.

I am, &c,
JAM'S COOK.


[Enclosure.]

JOHN DODSWORTH TO CAPTAIN COOK.

His Majestie's ship Barfleur, Spithead,
HONOURED S'R-- 30 May, 1772.

I have made bold to trouble your honour once more, hoping your honour will be so good as to make interest for to get me along with you. I wrote to Edward Turrell [Terrel] before, but not having an answer, I had given all expectation over till hearing from him this preasent instant, and he desires me to apply to your honour again, which news gives me a great satisfaction, and hopes to gain my point, so far as to have the pleasure to sail with your honnour; but not hearing for so long time had given all hopes over, and I endeavour'd very hard

[Image of page 98]

1772 3 June.

to gett out in the Prudent to the East Indies, but could not have that liberty, and had been since made a quartermaster; but if they was to make me ten times better it would not be so agreeable to me as to proceed with your honnour, which if your honnour will be so good as for to gett that grant from the Board, for without that I am very certain that I shall not have the liberty to leave this ship on any consideration. So, s'r, your honnour's complience in this will always oblidge me to think myself in duty bound to pray for your honnour's health and wellfair, and all belonging theirto. But pray, s'r, if this is not granted, be so good as not mention it farther, or other ways possible I may gain displeasure.

So, s'r, subscribe myself, s'r, your most humble servant to command.
JOHN DODSWORTH.


7 June.

A week's leave.

CAPTAIN COOK TO SECRETARY STEPHENS.

SIR,-- Sheerness, 7 June, 1772.

All the alterations that have been made in his Majesty's sloop Resolution, under my command, are now in a fair way of being finished in a few days, painting excepted. I pray you will be pleased to move my Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty to grant me a week's leave of absence from the sloop, in order to come to town to settle some private affairs of my own before I take my final departure.

I am, &c,
JAM'S COOK.


The 'cagg of nails.'

Time--a balm.

LIEUTENANT CLERKE TO MR. BANKS (Banks Papers).

Resolution, at Sheerness, June ye 7th, 1772.
SIR,--

I received yours by your servant, and am very much obliged for the cagg of nails. Think I am now set out completely freighted for the South Sea marts; hope to make a good trading voyage of it, go matters how they will, and show away in a curious cabinet of miti [sic] curiosities at my return. Flatter myself with the hopes of making an addition to the Burlington-street collection; will certainly make some increase, and, I hope, a good one, for shall be happy my actions shall bespeak my sense of your civilities and friendship. Must again express my unhappiness that I cannot have the pleasure of attending you, but can't help it; two or three years will blow all over, and replace me again in old London and its purlieus, captain of at least my own carcass, to dispose of it as I please,

[Image of page 99]

SIR JOSEPH BANKS.

1772 7 June.

when, I assure you, you shall never want a sailor's attendance to run anywhere on this side of h--, so long as remains above water.

Yours, &c,
CHAS. CLERKE.

Believe our stay here will be 12 or 14 days longer. The gentlemen of the gun-room entreat your acceptance of their respects and compliments.


10 June.

Banks's suite on the Adventure.

CAPTAIN FURNEAUX TO SECRETARY STEPHENS.

SIR,-- Adventure, sloop, Plymouth, 10 June, 1772.

Mr. Banks having acquainted the draughtsman and secretary employed by him on board his Majesty's sloop under my command that he does not intend to go the voyage, have therefore desired them, in his letter, to come immediately to town. I beg you will be pleased to acquaint their Lordships that I have received no order for victualling these and the other two supernumeraries (the astronomer and his servant); should be obliged if they will be pleased to grant me one; and, likewise, whether I am to discharge the above-mentioned persons, employed by Mr. Banks.

I am, &c,
TOB'S FURNEAUX.


19 June.

Their names.

CAPTAIN FURNEAUX TO SECRETARY STEPHENS.

SIR,-- Adventure, sloop, Plymouth, 19 June, 1772.

I have received your letter of the 15th past, signifying their Lordships' directions for me to send them the names and time of embarkation of the gentlemen employed by Mr. Banks on board his Majesty's sloop under my command, and, in answer thereto, have to acquaint their Lordships that they embarked the first day of May. John Cleveley, draughtsman; Sigismund Bacstrum, secretary; William Bailey, astronomer; and Robert Macky, his servant.

I am, &c,
TOB'S FURNEAUX.


Those on the Resolution.

CAPTAIN COOK TO SECRETARY STEPHENS.

SIR,-- 19 June, 1772.

Inclosed is the list of Mr. Banks's people that have been victualed on board his Majesty's sloop Resolution, under my command, from the 8th of Ap'l last untill the 5th June. I pray you will be pleased to move my Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty to give the necessary order for that purpose.

I am, &c,
JAM'S COOK.


[Image of page 100]

1772 19 June.

[Enclosure.]

A list of men belonging to Mr. Banks that were victualed on board the Resolution from the 8th of Ap'l, 1772, to the 5th June following:--

Jos'ph Miller. James Roberts.
Benj'n Miller. Peter Sidsaff.
Jno. Wilson. Jno. Asquith.
Peter Briscoe. John Alexander.
Nicholas Young. 60


20 June.

The order to victual them.

CAPTAIN COOK TO SECRETARY STEPHENS.

SIR,-- 20 June, 1772.

Having, agreeable to your directions, apply'd for an order to victual Mr. Banks's people on board the resolution, I beg you will be pleased to send a duplicate or copy of said order to Mr. Moon, Clerck of the Checque at Woolwich, which will very much oblige

Yours, &c,
JAM'S COOK.

P.S.--I set out for Sheerness to-morrow morn.


3 July.

The Resolution at Plymouth.

A good sailer.

CAPTAIN COOK TO SECRETARY STEPHENS.

SIR,-- Resolution, Plymouth Sound, 3 July, 1772.

Please to acquaint my Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty with the arrival of his Majesty's sloop Resolution, under my command, at this place, and that the fault she formerly had in being crank is now intirely removed. A doubt of a contrary nature does not, I am persuaded, remain in the breast of any one person on board. In turning into the Downs with a fresh of wind at S.W., in company with several vessels, not one of which but what was obliged to take in their topgallant sails, and one ship reef'd her foretopsail, yet at this time we carried topgallant-sails with ease. In coming down channell we had an opportunity to find that she will hold her side up to as much sail as can be set without endangering the masts. With respect to her other qualities, we have not had sufficient tryal to report with certainty; but upon the whole I believe she will be found

[Image of page 101]

FURNEAUX'S INSTRUCTIONS.

1772 3 July.

to steer and work well, and to sail as fast as most deep-laden ships of her construction. 61

I am, &c,
JAM'S COOK.


Mr. Bayley to go in the Adventure.

The chronometers.

CAPTAIN COOK TO CAPTAIN FURNEAUX.

By Capt. James Cook, &c.

WHEREAS the Commissioners appointed by Act of Parliament for the discovery of longitude at sea, &c, have agreed with Mr. William Bayley to proceed the present intended voyage, in the sloop you command, in order to make nautical and astronomical observations, and to perform other services tending to the improvement of astronomy and navigation (as you will see by the inclosed copy of his instructions), you are to cause the said Mr. Bayley, together with his servant, instruments, and bagage, to be received on board the sloop you command, accordingly taking care to give him all convenient accomodation, and such assistance and support as he may stand in need of from time to time to carry his said instructions into execution, and to be particularly carefull whenever there is convenient opportunitys and he shall be desirous of landing in order to make observations on shore, that he be furnished with proper boats and with a sufficient number of men, as well as to assist in fixing his instruments as to protect him from danger during his stay, landing at the same time a sufficient quantity of provisions and necessarys for his use; and whereas the said Commissioners have thought fit (as well to prevent mismanagement or ill-treatment of the watch machines, 62 which are going out under the care of the said Mr. Bayley, as to obviate any suspicions of such mismanagement or ill-treatment hereafter) to cause three locks of different wards to be affixed to each of the boxes which contains the said watch machines, and have desired that the key of one of the locks of each box be kept by the commander of the sloop wherein the same may be, that the key of another of the said locks may be kept by the first lieutenant of each sloop, or the officer next in command to him, and that the key of the other of the said locks may be kept by the observer; that the said commander, first lieutenant or other officer, and observer may be present each day when the said watch machines are wound up

[Image of page 102]

1772 3 July.

and compared, and see the respective times therein at such comparisons properly inserted and attested under their hands in the general observation book, as directed by the above-mentioned instructions: You are hereby further required and directed to receive into your charge and custody such of the said keys as will be sent to you by the secretary to the aforesaid Commissioners, and to deliver to your first lieutenant, or officer next in command to him, such others as will be sent to you for him, and to be present yourself, and to see that he be present, every day at the winding up and comparing the two watch machines, which are under the care of Mr. Bayley, and to take care that the respective times shewn at such comparisons be inserted and attested accordingly; but if it shall happen that you yourself, first lieutenant or other officer, or Mr. Bayley, cannot at any time, through indisposition or absence upon other necessary duties, conveniently attend at such winding up and comparison, you are in such case to take care that the keys of the person who cannot attend be dilivered to such other officer of the sloop as you can best trust therewith, in order that such officer may supply the place of such invalid or absentee.

You are to cause the above-mentioned Mr. Bayley, with his servant, to be victualled during their continuance on board in the same manner as the sloop's companies are victualled.

Given under my hand, on board his Majesty's said sloop, in Plymouth Sound, the 3rd July, 1772.

J. COOK.


Furneaux's instructions.

CAPTAIN COOK TO CAPTAIN FURNEAUX.

By Captain James Cook, command'r of his Majesty's sloop Resolution.

WHEREAS my Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty have signified to me by their instructions, dated the 25th of last month, that they have directed you to follow my orders for your further proceedings: These are, therefore, to require and direct you to put yourself under my command accordingly, and to follow all such orders as you shall from time to time receive from me for his Majesty's service.

Given under my hand, on board his Majesty's sloop Resolution, in Plymouth Sound, this 3rd of July, 1772.

J. COOK.

[Image of page 103]

LIEUTENANT COOPER'S INSTRUCTIONS.

1772 4 July.

A code of signals.

CAPTAIN COOK TO SECRETARY STEPHENS.

SIR,-- Resolution, Plymouth Sound, 4 July, 1772.

I beg leave to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 25th of last month, together with the orders and instructions inclosed therewith, as also your other letter of the same date with the private signals established between the King's ships and those of the East Indian Company.

I am, &c,
JAM'S COOK.


5 July.

The artist.

CAPTAIN COOK TO SECRETARY STEPHENS.

SIR,-- Resolution, Plymouth Sound, 5 July, 1772.

I am to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 30th of last month, signifying their Lordships' direction to me to receive Mr. William Hodges 63 on board the sloop I command.

I am, &c,
JAM'S COOK.


11 July.

Mr. Wales.

CAPTAIN COOK TO LIEUTENANT COOPER.

By Captain James Cook, commander of his Majesty's sloop Resolution.

WHEREAS the Commissioners appointed by Act of Parliament for the discovery of longitude at sea, &c, have agreed with Mr. William Wales to proceed the present intended voyage in his Majesty's said sloop Resolution, in order to make nautical and astronomical observations, &c, and have thought fit (as well to prevent any improper management or ill-treatment of the watch machines which are going out under the care of the said Mr. Wales, as to obviate any suspicion of such mismanagement or

[Image of page 104]

1772 11 July.

Winding the chronometers.

ill-treatment hereafter), to cause three locks of different wards to be affixed to each of the boxes which contains the said watch machines, and have desired that the key of one of the locks of each box may be kept by the commander of the sloop, the key of another of the said locks may be kept by the first lieutenant or officer next in command to him, and that the key of the other of the said locks may be kept by the observer, Mr. Wales; that the said commander, first lieutenant or other officer, and observer may be present each day when the said watch machines are wound up and compared, and see the respective times shewn at such comparisons properly inserted and attested under their hands in the general observation book; and whereas my Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty have directed me to cause the same to be carried into execution: You are hereby required and directed to receive into your charge and custody such of the said keys as will be dilivered to you hereafter, and to be present yourself every day at the winding up and comparing of the two watch machines, and to take care that the respective times shewn at such comparisons be inserted and attested accordingly; but if it shall happen that you yourself cannot at any time, through indisposition or absence upon other necessary duties, conveniently attend at such winding up and comparison, you are in such case to take care to diliver the keys to such officer next in command as shall happen to be on board the sloop at that time, who is hereby required and directed to supply your place.

Given under my hand, on board the said sloop, in Plymouth Sound, the 11th day of July, 1772.

J. COOK.


15 July.

The Dutch East India Company.

CAPTAIN COOK TO CAPTAIN FURNEAUX.

15 July, 1772.

By Captain James Cook, commander of his Majesty's sloop Resolution.

WHEREAS the King hath obtained from his Serene Highness the Prince of Orange two recommendatory letters (signed by himself) to the Governor and other Ministers of the Dutch East India Company, at the Cape of Good Hope and elsewhere, enjoining them to afford us every assistance and succour we may stand in need of, in case of entring into any of the said Company's ports during our present intended voyage. I send you herewith one of the said recommendatory letters, with an attested translation into French, one into English, and a copy of his Excellency Sir Joseph York's letter to the Earl of Suffolk,

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FURNEAUX'S INSTRUCTIONS.

1772 15 July.

relative thereto, in order that you may produce the said recommendatory letter 64 in case you are seperated from me (but not otherwise) on your arrival at the Cape or any other of the Company's settlements, if you shall see occasion.

Given under my hand, on board his Majesty's sloop Resolution, at sea, this 15th of July, 1772.
J. COOK.


Secret instructions.

CAPTAIN COOK TO CAPTAIN FURNEAUX.

SIR,-- Resolution, at sea, 15 July, 1772.

My Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty, judging it proper that the instructions I have received from them relating to our present intended voyage, a copy of which you will herewith receive sealed up, should be kept secret, sent me an order directed to the flag officers, captains, and commanders of his Majesty's ships and vessels not to demand a sight of those instructions. The enclosed is a copy of the said order, which you are to exhibite upon all proper occasions in case you are seperated from me. 65

I am, &c,
J. COOK.


The first rendezvous.

The second.

CAPTAIN COOK TO CAPTAIN FURNEAUX. 66

FIRST rendezvous:--To proceed to the island of Maderia, and there waite ten days, in which time to take in as much wine for the sloop's company as she can conveniently stow. If I do not arrive at the expiration of ten days, you are then to open the enclosed sealed rendezvous, and proceed as therein directed.

Given under my hand, on board his Majesty's sloop Resolution.
J. COOK.

SECOND rendezvous:--To go into or cruize off Porta Praya, in the Island of St. Jago, one of the Cape de Verd Islands, and there waite fourteen days, at the expiration of which time to open the enclosed rendezvous, and proceed as therein directed.

Given under my hand, on board his Majesty's sloop Resolution.
J. COOK.


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1772 15 July.

The third.

THIRD rendezvous:--To proceed to the Cape of Good Hope, where you are to refresh the sloop's company, and take on board such provisions, &c, as you may stand in need of and may be able to procure. If I do not arrive at or before the expiration of six weeks, reckoning from the time of your first arrival, you are then to open the enclosed secrete instructions, and proceed as therein directed.

Given under my hand, on board his Majesty's sloop Resolution.
J. COOK.


1 Aug.

The ships at Madeira.

CAPTAIN COOK TO SECRETARY STEPHENS.

SIR,-- Resolution, at Madeira, 1 August, 1772.

Please to acquaint my Lords Commiss'rs of the Admiralty with the arrival of his Majesty's sloops Resolution and Adventure at this place late in the evening of the 28th of last month, and that having taken on board as much wine as they can conveniently stow, I intend to put to sea again this evening. Least it is thought that the tryal made of the Resolution between Sheerness and Plymouth was not sufficient to form a just judgement of her qualities, and the clamour raised against her not yet subsided, I beg leave once more to assert that so far from finding her crank, I find her remarkable stiff, and to have as many other good qualities as can be found in one ship, and Captain Furneaux is equally as well satisfied with the Adventure. In point of sailing they are well match'd; the little difference is in favour of the Resolution.

I am, &c,
JAM'S COOK.


The Resolution
Wine.

CAPTAIN COOK TO CAPTAIN FURNEAUX.

Adventure, sloop, at Madeira, 1 August, 1772.

By Capt. Jas. Cook, commander of his Majesty's sloop Resolution.

YOU are hereby required and directed to demand from the contractors for victualling his Majesty's Navey at this place, and to receive on board the sloop you command, as much wine as she can conveniently stow, for which this shall be your order.

Given under my hand, on board his Majesty's said sloop Resolution, in Funchal Road, this 29th of July, 1772.
J. COOK.


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MASTER-AT-ARMS REQUIRED.

1772 1 Aug.

A master-at-arms for the Resolution.

CAPTAIN COOK TO DANIEL CLARK.

By Captain James Cook, commander of his Majesty's sloop Resolution.

WHEREAS no master-at-arms has yet been appointed to his Majesty's sloop Resolution, under my command, and I being satisfied with your abilities to act in that station, do hereby require and direct you forthwith to take upon you the duty of master-at-arms in her accordingly, and to hold the same employment until further orders, together with such allowance of wages as is usual for a master-at-arms, and for so doing this shall be your order.

Given under my hand, on board his Majesty's said sloop, in Funchal Road, Madeira, this 1st of August, 1772.
J. COOK.


One required for the Adventure.

CAPTAIN FURNEAUX TO CAPTAIN COOK.

Sir- ---[67]

There being no master-at-arms warranted for his Majesty's sloop under my command, should be much obliged if you will be pleased to give William Carr (belonging to the said sloop) an order to act as such, being a person every way qualified to act in that station.

I am, &c,
TOBS. FURNEAUX.


William Carr appointed.

CAPTAIN COOK TO W. CARR.

By Captain James Cook, commander of his Majesty's sloop Resolution.

WHEREAS Capt. Furneaux, commander of his Majesty's sloop Adventure, has signified to me by letter of this date that there is no master-at-arms warranted for his Majesty's said sloop, and hath recommended you as a person every way qualified for that station, and desires that you may have an order to act as master-at-arms in the said sloop: These are therefore to require and direct you forthwith to take upon you the duty of master-at-arms in her accordingly, to hold the said employment untill further orders, together with such allowance of wages as is usual for a master-at-arms; for so doing this shall be your order.

Given under my hand, on board his Majesty's sloop Resolution, in Funchal Road, Madeira, this 1st August, 1772.
J. COOK.


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1772 2 Aug.

A stowaway

CAPTAIN FURNEAUX TO CAPTAIN COOK.

SIR,-- Adventure, sloop, at sea, 2 Aug., 1772.

The man named in the margin (John Rayside), an English seaman belonging to a Portuguese vessel at Madeira, came unperceived on board his Majesty's sloop under my comm'd last evening, in a shore boat, and secreted himself till this morning. He acquaints me that he is desirous of entring in this sloop. As my complement of men is full, I beg to be informed how he is to be disposed of?

I am, &c,
TOBIAS FURNEAUX.


borne as a supernumerary.

CAPTAIN COOK TO CAPTAIN FURNEAUX.

By Capt. James Cook, &c.

WHEREAS you have represented to me by letter of this date that John Rayside, an English seaman, late belong'g to a Portuguse vessel at Madeira, came unperceived on board the sloop you command last evening in a shore boat, and secreted himself till this morning, and you desire to know how he is to be disposed of, as your complement of men is full. As it is now impossible to put him on shore, and highly probable that one or the other of the two sloops may want a man in a short time, you are hereby required and directed to bear the said John Rayside on a supernumerary list for wages and victuals untill further orders, or untill there is a vacancy on the sloop's books, when you are to discharge him from the said list and bear him as one of your complement.

Given under my hand, on board his Majesty's sloop Resolution, at sea, this 2nd of Aug'st, 1772.
J. COOK.


16 Nov.

Antiscorbutics.

CAPTAIN COOK TO SECRETARY STEPHENS.

SIR,-- Resolution, at Cape of Good Hope, 16 Nov., 1772.

In obedience to their Lordships' directions signified to me by your letter of the 2nd of May last, I have caused several trials to be made of the inspissated juce of malt 68 by making of it into beer, by mixing from eight parts of water to one of juce to twelve of water to one of juce. The beer made by this last

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ANTI-SCORBUTICS.

1772

16 Nov.

Experiments.

proportion had a strong taste of the juce, but became sour soon after it was made, owing, I think, to the very hot weather it was brew'd in, which caused to great fermentation. Indeed, all the experiments were made in hot weather, when the thermometer was at 79° or 80, and for that reason unfavourable to the juce. The beer made from it is of a very deep colour, and has rather a burnt taste, but no ways disagreeable, and was very well liked by the people in general. More hops, I apprehend, is necessary, for there remained not the least taste of them. Only one thing more is wanting to render it a valuable and useful article, that is, to hinder it from fermenting, for all the time we were in hot climates, that is, when the thermometer was at 65° and upwards, it was in a continual state of fermentation, in so much that the casks were not able to resist its efforts, and every method we took to stop it proved inefectual. With some care and a good deal of trouble we have preserv'd about half of it, with which I shall make experiments from time to time.

Mr. Pelham, Secretary to the Commissioners of the Victualing [Office], put on board, a few jarrs of juce, containing about five pints each, of his own preparing, which promises fair to answer all that is expected from it.

I am, &c,
JAM'S COOK.


18 Nov.

Cook at the Cape.

CAPTAIN COOK TO SECRETARY STEPHENS.

Resolution, Cape of Good Hope, 18 November, 1772.
SIR,--

Please to acquaint their Lordships that I left Madeira with his Majesty's sloops Resolution and Adventure the 1st of August, touched at St. Jago, took on board some refreshments, and departed again in two days, and on the 30th of last month arrived at this place without any material occurrences happening. I find the sloops to answer as well as ships can do,and the crews were and continue healthy. From this last circumstance I thought to have made my stay very short here; waiting for some articles of provisions hath kept me longer than I intended; being at length compleat, as you will see by the inclosed state of the sloops, shall put to sea without loss of time.

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1772 18 Nov.

Kemp succeeds Shank.

Discoveries of the French.

Kerguelen.

Lieutenant Shank, first of the Adventure, having requested leave to quit, in order to return home, and the surgeons having reported the same to be absolutely necessary for the establishment of his health, I granted it him accordingly, and appointed Mr. Kemp to be first Lieutenant of the Adventure, and Mr. James Burney, one of my midshipmen, to be second in his room, which I hope will meet with their Lordships' approbation; copies of the letters and orders on this affair you will herewith receive. I must beg leave to assure their Lordships that Mr. Shank has quited the sloop with the greatest reluctancy, and nothing but his bad state of health would have obliged him to give up a voyage on which he had set his heart. On my arrival at this place, I learnt that about eight months ago two French ships (La Fortune and Gross Ventre), from the Mauritius, discovered land in the meridian of that island, and in about latitude of 48°, along which they sail'd forty miles till they came to a bay, into which they were about to enter, when they were drove off the coast and seperated by a gale of wind. 69 The La Fortune arrived at the Mauritius soon after, and the captain is since gone to France to give an account of the discovery, and touched here about three months ago in his way. The Gross Ventre is lately arrived at the Mauritius from Batavia with a cargo of arrack. This account we have by a ship who left the island two days after the other arrived, in which time nothing about the discovery transpired. Also, in March last, two French frigates 70 from the same island touched here in their way to the South

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AT THE CAPE OF GOOD HOPE.

1772 18 Nov.

A native of Otaheite.

Hodges' paintings.

Sea; had on board the man Bougainville brought from the Otaheite, and who died before the ships left this place. 71 They are to touch some were on the coast of America before they proceed round Cape Horn, the rout they intended to take.

The paintings which Mr. Hodges has made of Madeira, Port Praya, and this place I have packed up and left here to be forwarded to you by the first safe opportunity, viz't, one large painting of this place, one small one of part of Funchall, and one of Port Praya, all in oil colours, and some others in water-colours of little note.

I am, &c,
JAM'S COOK.


An invalid officer.

[Enclosure.]

LIEUTENANT SHANK TO CAPTAIN COOK.

SIR,-- Cape of Good Hope, 16 November, 1772.

As my ill state of health will not admit of my proceeding on our intended voyage to the South Seas, must beg your leave to quit, so as to enable me to return home, your concurrence with which request will greatly oblige

Yours, &c,
JOSEPH SHANK.


Cook requires a report.

[Enclosure.]

CAPTAIN COOK TO SURGEONS.

By Captain James Cook, commander of his Majesty's sloop Resolution, and senior commander of his Majesty's sloops riding in Table Bay, Cape of Good Hope.

WHEREAS Mr. Joseph Shank, first Lieutenant of his Majesty's sloop Adventure, hath (on account of his ill state of health) requested my leave to return home, you are hereby required and directed to examine into the nature of his complaint, and report to me your opinion thereon, and how far you think his request reasonable.

Given under my hand, on board his Majesty's sloop Resolution, in Table Bay, Cape of Good Hope, the 16th of November, 1772.
JAM'S COOK.


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1772 18 Nov.

The surgeons furnish one.

[Enclosure.]

SURGEONS' REPORT ON LIEUTENANT SHANK.

PURSUANT to an order from Captain James Cook, commander of his Majesty's sloop Resolution, &c, we have examined Mr. Joseph Shank, first lieutenant of his Majesty's sloop Adventure, touching his ill state of health, and find he has for several months past been afflicted with a slow nervous fever and violent rhumatic pains, which have greatly reduced and emaciated him. We are therefore of an opinion that his request to quit is not only reasonable, but absolutely necessary for the restablishment of his health.

Given under our hands, on board his Majesty's sloop Adventure, in Table Bay, Cape of Good Hope, this 16th day of November, 1772.
James Patten.
Thos. Andrews.


Shank returns home.

[Enclosure.]

CAPTAIN COOK TO LIEUTENANT SHANK.

Resolution, Cape of Good Hope, 16 November, 1772.

SIR,--

Whereas you have signified to me by your letter of this date that your ill state of health will not admit of your proceeding on our intended voyage, and desire my leave to quit, so as to enable you to return home, and the surgeons of his Majesty's sloops Resolution and Adventure are of opinion that your request is not only reasonable, but absolutely necessary for the restablishment of your health, you have my leave to quit accordingly, and am, &c,

JAM'S COOK.


Kemp's appointment.

[Enclosure.]

CAPTAIN COOK TO LIEUTENANT KEMP.

By Capt'n James Cook, commander of his Majesty's sloop Resolution, and senior commander of his Majesty's sloops riding in Table Bay, Cape of Good Hope.

WHEREAS Mr. Joseph Shank hath obtained my leave to return home for the restablishment of his health, I do hereby appoint you first lieutenant of his Majesty's sloop Adventure in his room, requiring and directing you forthwith to take upon you the charge and command of first lieutenant in her accordingly, officiating in all things agreeable to the tenor of your former warrant and the general printed instructions, and for so doing this shall be your order.

Given under my hand, on board his Majesty's sloop Resolution, in Table Bay, Cape of Good Hope, this 18th of November, 1772.
JAM'S COOK.


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SECOND-LIEUTENANT APPOINTED.

1772 18 Nov.

Burney's appointment.

[Enclosure.]

CAPTAIN COOK TO LIEUTENANT BURNEY. 72

By Captain James Cook, comm'r of his Majesty's sloop Resolution, and senior commander of his Majesty's sloops riding in Table Bay, Cape of Good Hope.

WHEREAS I have appointed the second lieutenant of his Majesty's sloop Adventure to be first, in the room of Mr. Joseph Shank, who hath obtained my leave to return home for the restablishment of his health, I do hereby appoint you second lieutenant of his Majesty's said sloop Adventure, requiring and directing you forthwith to take upon you the charge and command of second lieutenant in her accordingly, strictly charging all the other inferior officers and company belonging to the said sloop to behave themselves with due respect and obedience unto you as their said lieutenant, and you are likewise to be obedient to such commands as you shall from time to time receive from the commander of the said sloop, or any other your superior officer, to hold the same employment until further order, together with such allowance of wages and victuals for yourself and servant as is usual for the lieutenant of the said sloop, and for so doing this shall be your order.

Given under my hand, on board his Majesty's sloop Resolution, in Table Bay, Cape of Good Hope, this 18th day of November, 1772.
JAM'S COOK.


Strained relations.

CAPTAIN COOK TO MR. BANKS (Banks Papers).

Resolution, Cape of Good Hope, 18 November, 1772.

Dear SIR,--

Some cross circumstances which happened at the latter part of the equipment of the Resolution created, I have reason

[Image of page 114]

1772 18 Nov.

Discoveries of the French.

M. Marion.

Pickled fish.

to think, a coolness betwixt you and I, but I can by no means think it was sufficient to me to break of all corrispondance with a man I am under many obligations too.

I wish I had something intresting to communicate, but our passage here has rather been barren on that head. We touch' at St. Jago, where we remain'd two days, and Mr. Forster got some things there new in your way. Mr. Brand [Brandt] has got for you a fine collection, as I am told. I depart from hence in a day or two well stored with every necessary thing; but I am told the French from the Mauritius have got the start of me. About eight months ago two ships from that island discovered land in the latitude of 48°, and about the meridian of the Mauritius, along which they sail'd 48 miles till they came to a bay, into which they were about to enter when they were seperated and drove off the coast by a gale of wind. The one got to the Mauritius soon after, and the other is since arrived from Batavia with a cargo of arrack, as the report goes here. Also, in March last, two frigates from the same island touched here in their way to the South Sea, having on board the man Bougainvill brought from Otahiete, and who died before the ships departed from hence, a circumstance I am realy sorry for. These ships were to touch some were on the coast of America, and afterwards to proceed round Cape Horn. I am in your debt for the pickled and dryed salmon which you left on board, which a little time ago was most excellant; but the eight casks of pickled salted fish I kept for myself proved so bad that even the hoggs would not eat it. These hints may be of use to you in providing for your intinded expeditation, in which I wish you all the success you can wish your self, and am, with great esteem and respect,

Yours, &c,
JAM'S COOK.


23 Nov.

Precautions against separation.

CAPTAIN COOK TO CAPTAIN FURNEAUX.

IN case of seperation after leav'g ye Cape of Good Hope, and before we arrive in ye lat. of 50° So., ye first rendezvous shall be in that lat. and in the long, of ye Cape, viz., 18° 23' east of Greenwich, where you are to cruize seven days. Not meeting me in that time, you are to proceed as above directed.

Dated on board his Maj'y's sloop Resolution, in Table Bay, 23rd Nov., 1772.

J. COOK.


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FURNEAUX'S INSTRUCTIONS.

1772 6 Dec.

Grog.

Oatmeal.

CAPTAIN COOK TO CAPTAIN FURNEAUX.

By Capt. James Cook, &c.

FOR the better encouragement of the company of his Majesty's sloop under your command, and in order to enable them the better to withstand the present intence cold weather, you are hereby required and directed to serve to each man an additional half-allowance of spirit or wine on such days as you shall think the same necessary, and also to cause an allowance of wheat or oatmeal to be boil'd for breakfast on Mondays, in addition to the usual allowance boil'd for dinner; you are to keep an exact account (attested by the proper officers) of the number of days you serve the additional half-allowance of spirit or wine and boil the additional allowance of wheat or oatmeal, and continue the same untill further order.

Given under my hand, on board his Majesty's sloop Resolution at sea, this 6th day of Decem'r, 1772.

J. COOK.


14 Dec.

Furneaux's instructions.

CAPTAIN COOK TO CAPTAIN FURNEAUX.

IN case of seperation by bad weather or any other unavoidable accident you are first to look for me where you last saw me; not finding me in three days, you are to proceed agreeable to former orders.

Given under my hand, on board his Majesty's sloop Resolution, at sea, this 14th of December, 1772.

J. COOK.


1774 14 July.

Furneaux's return.

CAPTAIN FURNEAUX TO SECRETARY STEPHENS.

SIR,-- Adventure, Spithead, 14 July, 1774.

Please to acquaint their Lordships of my safe arrival in his Majesty's sloop Adventure, under my command, after a passage of thirteen weeks from the Cape of Good Hope, and shall set out for town directly, according to their Lordships' order, with my journals and draughts, to lay before their Lordships my proceedings during the course of the voyage.

I am, &c,
TOB'S FURNEAUX.


1775 19 March.

Cook returning.

CAPTAIN COOK TO SECRETARY STEPHENS.

SIR,-- Resolution, at sea, 19 March, 1775.

Having this moment spoke with the True Britain, Indiaman, I take the opportunity to acquaint you that his Majesty's

[Image of page 116]

1775 19 March.

A clean bill of health.

sloop Resolution is within two days' sail of the Cape of Good Hope. I lear't from a Dutchman yesterday that Captain Furneaux sailed from the Cape for England twelve months ago; you must therefore know the former part of my proceedings, and a full account of the latter shall be sent you by the very first oppertunity after my arrival at the Cape. I have the satisfaction to say that I have met with no one accident, and the crew thus far hath in joyed a good state of health.

I am, &c,
JAM'S COOK.


24 May.

Cook en route for England

CAPTAIN COOK TO SECRETARY STEPHENS.

Resolution, at sea, 24 May, 1775, lat. 13° So., long. 10° -Nt.

SIR,--

This is the third letter I have had the honour to transmit to you since my arrival at ye Cape of Good Hope; the first, which was accompanied by a copy of my journal and various drawings, was forwarded by ye Ceres, East Indiaman; the second, 73 together with ye journals of two of ye officers, by ye Royall Charlotte; and this comes by the Dutton, with whom I sailed from ye Cape the 27th of last month. The probability of this ship being at home before us, as we touch at Assencion, and she not, induced me to put on board her Lieutenant Cooper's journal, some remarks and a chart of Mr. Pickersgill's, and a journal kept by one of ye mates. This journal is accompanied by very accurate charts of all the discoverys we have made, executed by a young man who has been bred to the sea, under my care, and who has been a very great assistant to me in this way, both in this and my former voyage. 74

I have, &c,
JAM'S COOK.


30 July.

Sailing up the Channel.

LIEUTENANT CLERKE TO MR. BANKS (Banks Papers).

Resolution, Sunday, 5 a.m., 30 July, 1775.

DEAR SIR,--

We're now past Portland, with a fine fresh N.W. gale and a young flood tide, so that in a very few hours we shall anchor at Spithead, from our continent-hunting expedition. I will not now set about relating any of the particulars of our voyage, as I hope

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CONCLUSION OF SECOND VOYAGE.

1775 30 July.

Clerke's collection.

The civil gentry.

Anxious news.

very soon to have the honour and happiness of paying my personal respects, when I can give you a much clearer idea of any matters you think worth inquiring after than it's possible to do at this distance.

I hope I need not assure you that it's utterly out of the power of length of time, or distance of space, to eradicate, or in the least alleviate, the gratitude your friendly offices to me have created. I assure you I've devoted some days to your service in very distant parts of the globe, the result of which, I hope, will give you some satisfaction; at least, it will convince you of my intentions and endeavours in that particular. I shall send this away by our civil gentry, who will fly to town with all the sail they can possibly make. God bless you. Send me one line, just to tell me you are alive and well, if that is the case, for I'm as great a stranger to all matters in England as though I had been these three years underground. So, if I receive no intelligence from you I shall draw bad conclusions, and clap on my suit of black; but you know I never despair, but always look for the best, therefore hope and flatter myself this will find you alive and happy, which that it may is the sincerest hope and wish of, dear sir,

Yours &c,
CHAS. CLERKE.

P.S.--Excuse the paper. We're terrible busy; you know a man-of-war. My respects and most social wishes to the good doctor. I'll write him as soon as possible.


11 Aug.

The Resolution at Long Reach.

CAPTAIN COOK TO SECRETARY STEPHENS.

SIR,-- Mile End, Friday morng., 7 o'clock, 11 Augt., 1775.

Last night I received a letter from Mr. Cooper, acquainting me with the arrival of his Majesty's sloop Resolution at the lower end of Long-reach, and that he expected to be at Galleons to-day.

I am, &c,
JAM'S COOK.


12 Aug.

A well-merited reward.

CAPTAIN COOK TO SECRETARY STEPHENS.

SIR,-- Admi'ty Office, 12 August, 1775.

The death of Captain Clements, one of the captains in the Royal Hospital at Greenwich, making a vacancy there, I humbly offer myself to the Lords Commiss'rs of the Admiralty as a candidate for it, presuming, if I am fortunate enough to merit their Lordships' approbation, they will allow me to quit it when either the call of my country for more active service, or

[Image of page 118]

1775 12 Aug.

Cook's zeal.

that my endeavours in any shape can be essential to the publick, as I would on no account be understood to withdraw from that line of service which their Lordships' goodness has raised me to, knowing myself capable of engaging in any duty which they may be pleased to commit to my charge. 75

I am, &c,
JAM'S COOK.


17 Aug.

Isaac Smith.

Officers' journals.

CAPTAIN COOK TO ----

Resolution, at Deptford, Thursday, 17th. 76

SIR,--

Mr. Isaac Smith, whom my Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty have been pleased to promote to the rank of lieutenant, acquaints me that he has pass'd his examination touching his abilities to serve as such, but cannot get the necessary certificate from the examiners untill they have an order to dispence with his not providing any journals of the ships in which he has served, and this he cannot do, as they are lodged in the Admiralty, agreeable to their Lordships' instructions to me. As several more of my petty officers will want to qualify themselves for promotion, and none of them have journals of the Resolution to produce, I beg you will move their Lordships to give such orders as may be necessary on this head.

I am, &c,
JAM'S COOK.


18 Sept.

Extra grog.

CAPTAIN COOK TO SECRETARY STEPHENS.

SIR, -- 18 September, 1775.

I found it necessary, while we were in the high southern latitudes, to order an additional half-allowance of spirit to be served to each man per day, and an allowance of wheat to be boiled every Monday for breakfast, besides the usual allowance for dinner, in order the better to enable them to endure the cold and hardships they there underwent. I also caused wheat, with portable soup and vegetables, to be boiled every morning for breakfast whenever the latter was to be got, as will more

[Image of page 119]

NEWBURY'S PUBLICATION.

1775 18 Sept.

fully appear by the enclosed vouchers, which I beg you will be pleased to lay before their Lordships, and move them to order these over-issues to be allowed me on my victualling account.

I am, &c,
JAM'S COOK.


An anonymous publication.

Not worthy of notice.

CAPTAIN COOK TO SECRETARY STEPHENS.

SIR,-- Mile End, 18 September, 1775.

Last Saturday morning I examined Mr. Anderson, the gunner, about the publication of my late voyage, said to be in the press, 77 and told him that he was susspected of being the author; he afirmed that he had no knowlidge or hand in it, and would use his endeavours to find out the author, and yesterday made me the inclosed report. To-day Marra called upon me, and confirmed what is therein set forth, and further added that Bordel, my coxswain, and Reardon, the boatswain's mate, each kept a journal, which they had offered to the booksellers, but they were so badly written that no one could read them. I have no reason to suspect this story, but will, however, call on the printer, and endeavour to get a sight of the manuscript, as I know most of their handwritings. This Marra was one of the gunner's mates, the same as wanted to remain at Otahiete. If this is the only account of the voyage that is printing, I do not think it worth regarding; I have taken some measures to find out if there are any more, and such information as I may get shall be communicated to you by,

Yours, &c,
JAM'S COOK.


An anonymous journal--the publisher.

Not to be pumped.

[Enclosure.]

ROBERT ANDERSON TO CAPTAIN COOK.

SIR,--

According to your derection, I overhaul'd every bookseller's shop in St. Paul's, till at last I came to Mr. Francis Newburry's. I fairly caught his shopman, who answer'd me (when I demand'd the Resolution's voyage), that they had not time to print it yet. I then ask'd him if it was the Captain's journal they had, on which he look'd at me and said they had no journal at all yet, but stood as fair a chance to publish the voyage as others. By this time he understood I was pumping of him, so went and brought me one of the shop bills and bid me good day, telling me that befor the voyage was publish'd it would be advertis'd. I then drove to Marra and Peckover's lodging, found the former at home; I told him I had a messuage from you, sir, to

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1775 18 Sept.

The gunner's mate.

Admits himself the author.

No desire for concealment.

deliver to Peckover, on w'ch Marra went and found him. I told him that there would be nothing ever don' for him or me unless we could find out who it was that was publishing the voyag; this made all present very sorry. Ther was present some of your late crew. Some told me Reading wrote a journal, which Enell produc'd. I deposited five guineas if he would let me show you the acc't; he consent'd. Others told me Rolles keept a journal interlin'd in his bible. I wrote down all these information for your satisfaction; at last Marra pull'd the paper from befor me, wrote at the Angel, Angel Court, in the bourgh Southwark: "Send that to Captain Cook; if he pleases to send a line for or to me I'll clear every man that is suspected," adding, "I'm the man that is publishing this voyage. I want no preferm't, and God forbid I should hinder those whose bread depends on the Navy, and Mr. Anderson, as you have allways been my frend, com with me, I'll convince you further that the name of Anderson was never intend'd to be perfixt to the voyage." He order'd the coach to drive to Newburry's, carried me into a back parlor, inform'd Mr. Newburry his frends was keept out of bread, therefor he had discover'd all now. Says he, "What name is my journal of the voyage to come out in?" "In no nam at all," says the bookseller. "Then," say the other, "let it come out in the name of Jno. Marra," at length adding, "If Captain Cook pleases to call here, Mr. Newburry, give him all the satisfaction in your power." Mr. Newburry said he would, after which Mr. Newburry invit'd us both to dener.

I should, sir, have waited on you last night, but I'm so lame I could not come up. If you will be pleas'd to let me know when you will send for Marra, I'll wait on you at the same time to confront him, but there is two many wittness for him to retract.

Honour'd sir, you'l pleas to observe that this is twice I inocently fell under your displeasure, which God has been please to clear me off.

I am, &c,
RT. ANDERSON.


The petition of John Frazer.

JOHN FRAZER TO THE EARL OF SANDWICH. 78 To the Right Honorable the Earl of Sandwich, &c, &c, &c. The humble petition of John Frazer, corporal, lately belonging to his Majesty's sloop the Resolution, Captain Cook, commander.

Sheweth,--

That your petitioner is the person that was honored with your Lordships' commands to go the voyage with Captain Cook,

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THE THIRD VOYAGE.

1775

Asks for a boatswain's warrant.

on board the Resolution, as the properest person to dive, having acted in that capacity with good success in taking up his Majesty's naval stores. That your petitioner has been informed by Dr. Solander that Captain Cook, upon his arrival, recommended your petitioner to the Board of Admiralty as a person that had been singularly useful in the voyage; and that your petitioner has, by a studious application and long experience, invented an instrument for taking up things out of the sea, which he should think himself [justified] in submitting to your Lordship's inspection. Your petitioner therefore begs leave, with great deference and submission, to solicit the honor of a boatswain's warrant, or what your Lordship, [sic] on board one of his Majesty's ships in ordinary, not being able to go frequent again to sea, on account of the pains in his body, caused by diving, from the pressure and coldness of the water. And that your petitioner would then be ready at hand to seek after anything very particular of his Majesty's that may be lost. And, as in duty bound, your petitioner shall ever pray, &c,


26 Dec.

Cook's recommendation.

CAPTAIN COOK TO SECRETARY JACKSON. 79

SIR,-- 26 December, 1775.

In answer to your letter of the 20th inst. respecting the petition of Jno. Frazer, I am to acquaint you that I do not think him qualified for the preferment he prays for, or any other in which seamanship is necessary. He has lately applyed to me to solicit their Lordships to appoint him master-at-arms; as he is a steady, sober man, and served several years as a soldier in the East India Companie's service, I believe he may be well enough qualified for that station.

I am, &c,
JAM'S COOK.


1776 3 Feb.

The Third Voyage.

The marines.

THE ADMIRALTY TO CAPTAIN COOK.

Admiralty Office, Monday, 3 February, 1776.

CAPT'N Cook is ordered by Lord Sandwich to acquaint Mr. Jackson that the Discovery's compliment of marines is to be twelve men, including a serj't, who is to command the party. 80

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1776 10 Feb.

Cook offers his services.

CAPTAIN COOK TO SECRETARY JACKSON.

SIR,-- Admiralty Office, 10 February, 1776.

Having understood that their Lordships have ordered two ships to be fitted out for the purpose of making further discoveries in the Pacific Ocean, I take the liberty, as their Lordships when they were pleased to appoint me a captain in Greenwich Hospital were at the same time pleased also to say it should not be in prejudice to any future offer which I might make of my service, to submit myself to their directions, if they think fit to appoint me to the command of the said intended voyage; relying, if they condesend to except this offer, they will, on my return, either restore me to my appointment in the hospital, or procure for me such other mark of the Royal favour as their Lordships, upon the review of my past services, shall think me deserving of. 81

I am, &c,
JAM'S COOK.


14 Feb.

Cook writes to his old master.

CAPTAIN COOK TO CAPTAIN JOHN WALKER. 82

Dear SIR,-- 6, Mile End, London, 14 February, 1776.

I should have answered your last favour sooner, but waited to know whether I should go to Greenwich Hospital or the South Sea. The latter is now fixed upon. I expect to be ready to sail about the latter end of Ap'l with my old ship the Resolution, and the Discovery, the ship lately purchased of Mrs. Herbert. I know not what your opinion may be on this step I have taken. It is certain I have quitted an easy retirement for an active and perhaps dangerous voyage. My present disposition is more favourable to the latter than the former, and I imbark on as fair a prospect as I can wish. If I am fortunate enough to get safe home there's no doubt but it will be greatly to my advantage.

My best respects to all your family, and if any of them comes this way I shall be glad to see them at Mile End, where they will meet with a hearty welcome from

Yours, &c,
JAM'S COOK.


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PREPARING FOR THE THIRD VOYAGE.

1776 15 Feb.

Tried men.

CAPTAIN CLERKE TO---. 83

SIR,-- Admiralty Office, 15 February, 1776.

I take the liberty to intreat the favour of their Lordships to appoint Eneas Atkins boatswain, and Peter Reynolds carpenter, of his Majestie's sloop Discovery, as there are no such officers yet appointed to her. These people were late of the Resolution; Atkins is now boatswain of the Favourite, and Reynolds carpenter of the Ariadne, but have both appli'd to me, and are very desirous of the other trip to the South Seas. 84

I am, &c,
CHAS. CLERKE.


20 Feb.

Sailors as servants.

CAPTAIN COOK TO SECRETARY JACKSON.

SIR,-- Deptford, 20 February, 1776.

I have received their Lordships order of the 14th, respecting the fitting of his Majesty's sloop the Resolution, under my command; also their order of the same date directing me not to bear any servants to the officers, but to enter seamen in their room.

I am, &c,
JAM'S COOK.


22 Feb.

Clerke in the Discovery.

CAPTAIN CLERKE TO SECRETARY JACKSON.

SIR,-- London, 22 February, 1776.

I must beg the favour of you to acquaint their Lordships I receiv'd their orders bearing date the 14th inst., relative to the receiving on board no servants, and the forwarding the Discovery to the Galleons with all expedition, which orders shall be due complied with.

I am, &c,
CHAS. CLERKE.


28 Feb.

The Resolution.

CAPTAIN COOK TO -------. 85

SIR,-- 28 February, 1776.

Please to move my Lords Commiss'rs of the Admiralty to order his Majesty's sloop Resolution, under my command, to be put into sea victualling at the time of her being commissioned.

I am, &c,
JAM'S COOK.


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1776 29 Feb.

Portable soup.

CAPTAIN COOK TO SECRETARY STEPHENS.

SIR,-- Resolution, at Deptford, 29 February, 1776.

Please to move my Lords Commiss'rs of the Admiralty to order the Commissioners of the Sick and Hurt to supply his Majesty's sloops the Resolution and Discovery with portable soup, rob of lemons and oranges, in the same manner as was done on former voyages of the same nature.

I am, &c,
JAM'S COOK.


Anti-scorbutics for both vessels.

CAPTAIN COOK TO SECRETARY STEPHENS.

SIR,-- Resolution, at Deptford, 29 February, 1776.

It is well known that the crews of his Majesty's sloops the Resolution and Adventure, during their late voyage, received great benefit from the sour krout and malt they were supply'd with, and also by being supplyed with wheat in lieu of oatmeal, and sugar in lieu of oil. Please to move my Lords Commiss'rs of the Admiralty to order the Victualling Board to supply the Resolution and Discovery with these articles in the same proportion, and also with such a quantity of salt as may be thought necessary to preserve such fresh meat or fish they may chance to meet with. And whereas from the experiments which have been made of inspissated juice of wort, there is great reason to beleive it might be so prepared as to become a very usefull article at sea. Please also to move their Lordships to order some to be prepared and put on board the sloops for experiments.

I am, &c,
JAM'S COOK.


6 March.

Barter with natives.

CAPTAIN COOK TO SECRETARY STEPHENS.

SIR,-- 6 March, 1776.

I take the liberty to send you the inclosed account, that if it meets with their Lordships' approbation, the necessary orde may be given to provide the several articles therein mentioned or such others as they may think more proper.

I am, &c,
JAM'S COOK.


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PREPARING FOR THE THIRD VOYAGE.

1776 6 March.

The means of exchange.

Warm clothing.

[Enclosure.]

AN account of sundry articles necessary to be provided and put on board the Resolution and Discovery, in the proportions therein mentioned, in order to exchange for refreshments with the natives of such unfrequented countries as they may touch at, or to be distributed to them in presents towards obtaining their friendship, &c.

Resolution.

Discovery.

Carpenters' adzes - with helves in bundle

12 in No.

6

Axes of sorts - with helves in bundle

200

120

Broad axes - with helves in bundle

40

24

Hatchets - with helves in bundle

300

200

Spike nails of sorts

500 wt.

300 wt.

Nails 40d. and upwards

500 wt.

250 wt.

Chizzels

12 in No.

6

Saws

12

8

Files of sorts

6 dozn.

3 dozn.

Knives, common

24 dozn.

14 dozn.

Scissars

2 do.

1 do.

Small glass and metal buttons

6 do.

3 do.

Combs, small tooth

4 do.

3 do.

Do. large do.

20 do.

12 do.

Looking-glasses with frames

12 do.

8 do.

Beads in sorts

£16 worth

£9 worth

Old shirts, not patched

3 dozn.

2 dozn.

Red baize

220 yards

120 yards

Old cloathes

£5 worth

£3 worth

Fine old sheets

20 No.

12 No.

Kettles or potts

24

16

Hammers with helves

1 dozn.

1 dozn.

Carpenters' planes, with two trous to each

12

6

Fish hooks

20 dozn.

12 dozn.

Knives, long

4 do.

2 do.

Small shott

8cwt.

5 cwt.

Ribband to string some medals which remain

20 dozn. yards

A pair of Fearnought trowsers and a jacket for each man, and four or five good watch-coats to each ship.

JAM'S COOK.


14 March.

CAPTAIN COOK TO ------. 86

SIR,-- Mile End, Thursday morning, 14 March [1776].

Their Lordships have given me an order to provide all the articles intended to be put on board the Resolution and Discovery as presents, &c, to the different nations we may meet with, but as those under mentioned were before provided by Mr. Boulton, I shall not purchas them till I receive further instructions from

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1776 14 March.

Birmingham goods.

you. I apprehend there is yet time enough to get these articles from Birmingham. I most sincerely wish you a better state of health, and am, &c,

JAM'S COOK.


Resolution.

Discovery.

Carpenters' adzes

12 in No.

6 in No.

Axes of sorts

200 "

120 "

Broad axes

40 "

24 "

Hatchets

300 "

200 "

Spike nails of sorts

500 cwt.

300 cwt.

Nail, 40d. and upwards

500 cwt.

250 cwt.

N.B.--Some other articles were provided by Mr. Boulton before, but as they were not much wanting, the quantity is greatly reduced, and some articles wholy rejected.


16 March.

Medical comforts.

CAPTAIN COOK TO SECRETARY JACKSON.

SIR,-- 16 March, 1776.

Please to move their Lordships to order His Majesty's sloops Resolution and Discovery to be supplyed with some red wine in lieu of the same proportion of spirit, it being necessary to have some on board in case of any disorder breaking out amongst the crew, in which it is usefull.

I am, &c,
JAM'S COOK.


18 March.

Entering seamen.

CAPTAIN COOK TO SECRETARY JACKSON.

SIR,-- Deptford, 18 March, 1776.

Having already entered as many men for the Resolution as will, with the party of marines, make up her full complement, I beg you will be pleased to move their Lordships to allow me to do this exclusive of the marines, in order to have it in my power to make choise of such men only as are fit for the voyage.

I am, &c,
JAM'S COOK.


Midshipman Mackie.

CAPTAIN COOK TO -----. 87

SIR- ........[88]

Mr. Robt. Mackie, midshipman on board the Nonsuch, who was the late voyage in the Adventure, hath applied to me

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PREVENTION AND CURE OF SCURVY.

1776

to go out in the Resolution. As I have great reason to believe that he will on many occasions be a very usefull man, I beg you will move their Lordships to order him to be discharged from the Nonsuch into the Resolution.

I am, &c,
JAM'S COOK.


Cook on the prevention and cure of scurvy.

Malt as a preventive.

Sour krout.

Portable broth

CAPTAIN COOK TO SIR JOHN PRINGLE, BART., F.R.S. 89

SIR,-- [No date.] 90

As many gentlemen have express'd their surprize at the uncommon good health which the crew of the Resolution, under my command, experienced during her late long voyage, I take the liberty to communicate to you the methods that were taken to obtain that end.

A good deal was owing to the extraordinary attention paid by the admiralty, in causing such articles to be put on board as either experience or suggestion was judged would tend to preserve the health of seamen. I shall not trespass on your time in mentioning all these articles, but confine myself to such as were found the most usefull.

We had on board a quantity of malt, of which we made sweet wort, and given to such of the men as showed the least symptoms of scurvey, and also to such as were thought to be threat'ned with that disorder, from one to two or three pints a day each man, or in such proportions that the surgeon found necessary, which sometimes amounted to three pints. This is, without doubt, one of the best anti-scorbutic sea medicines yet found out, and, if given in time, will, with proper attention to other things, I am persuaded, prevent the scurvey from making any great progress for a considerable time. But I am not altogether of opinion that it will cure it at sea.

Sour krout, of which we had a large quantity, is not only a wholesome vegetable food, but, in my opinion, highly antiscorbutic, and spoils not by keeping. A pound of this was served each man when at sea twice a week, and oftener as was thought necessary.

Portable broth was another great article of which we had a large supply. An ounce of this to each man, or such other proportion as was thought necessary, was boil'd in their pease three

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1776

and vegetables.

Rob of lemon.

Sugar.

Regulations for the preservation of health.

Cleanliness.

Fresh water.

days in the week, and when we were in places where vegetables were to be got it was boiled with them, and wheat or oatmeal every morning for breakfast, or else with pease and vegetables for dinner. It enabled us to make several nourishing and wholesome messes, and was the means of making the people eat a greater quantity of vegetables than they would have done without.

Rob of lemon and orange is an anti-scorbutic we were not without. The surgeon made use of it in many cases with great success.

Amongst the articles of victualling we were supplied with sugar in the room of oil, wheat for a part of our oatmeal, and were certainly gainers by the exchange.

Sugar, I apprehend, is a very good anti-scorbutic, whereas oil (such as is usually supplied the Navy), I am of opinion, has the contrary effect. But the introduction of the most salutary articles, either as provisions or medicines, will generally prove unsuccessful unless supported by certain regulations. On this principle, many years' experience, together with some hints I had from S'r Hugh Palisser, Captains Campbell, Wallis, and other intelligent officers, enabled me to lay a plan whereby all was to be governed.

The crew was at three watches, except on some extraordinary occasions. By this means they were not so much exposed to the weather as if they had been at watch and watch, and had generally dry cloaths to shift themselves when they happened to get wet. Care was also taken to expose them as little to wet weather as possible.

Proper methods were taken to keep their persons, hammocks, bedding, cloathes, &c, constantly clean and dry. Equal care was taken to keep the ship clean and dry betwixt decks, and once or twice a week she was aired with fires, and when this could not be done she was smoaked with gunpowder mixed with vinegar or water. I had also fires frequently made in an iron pot at the bottom of the well, which was of great use in purifying the air in the lower parts of the ship. To this and cleanliness in the ship as amongst the people too great attention cannot be paid; the least neglect occasions a putrid and disagreeable smell below, which nothing but fires will remove.

Proper attention was paid to the ship's coppers, so that they were kept constantly clean. The fat which boiled out of the salt beef and pork I never suffered to be given to the people, being of opinion that it promotes the scurvey. I took care to take in water whenever it was to be got, even tho' we did not want it, because I look upon fresh water from the shore to be more wholesome than that which has been kept some time on board a ship. Of this essential article we were never at an allowance, but had always plenty for every necessary purpose. I am of opinion that

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PREVENTION AND CURE OF SCURVY.

1776

Fresh food.

A happy result

with plenty of fresh water and proper attention to cleanliness, a ship's company will seldom be much afflicted with the scurvey, even though they are not provided with any of the anti-scorbutics above mentioned. We came to few places where either the act of man or nature had not provided some sort of refreshment or other, either in the animal or vegetable way. It was my first care to procure whatever of either kind could be met with, by every means in my power, and to oblige our people to make use thereof, both by my example and authority. But the benefits arising from those kind of refreshments soon became so obvious that I had little occasion to make use of either the one or the other.

These, sir, were the methods, under the care of Providence, by which the Resolution performed a voyage of three years and eighty days, through all the climates from 52° north to 71° south, with only the loss of four men out of one hundred and eighteen. Two were drownded, one was killed by a fall, and the other died after a long illness occasioned by a complication of disorders, without the least mixture of the scurvey.

J. COOK.


2 April.

Cook on the tides.

At the Endeavour Reef.

The night and day tides.

CAPTAIN COOK TO SIR JOHN PRINGLE, BART., F.R.S.

SIR,-- Mile End, 2 April, 1776.

In compliance with your request I send you my observations on the tides in Endeavour River, on the east coast of New Holland, in lat. 15° 26' E.

About 11 o'clock in the evening of the 10th of June, 1770, as we were standing off shore, the ship suddenly struck and stuck fast on a reef of coral rocks about six leagues from the land. At this time I judged it was about high-water, and that the tides were taking off or decreasing, as it was three days past the full moon, two circumstances by no means in our favour. As our efforts to heave her off before the tide fell proved ineffectual, we began to lighten her by throwing overboard our guns, ballast, &c, in hopes of floating her the next high-water; but to our great surprise the tide did not rise high enough to accomplish this by near two feet. We had now no hopes but from the tide at midnight, and these only founded on a notion, very general indeed among seamen, but not confirmed by anything which has yet fallen under my observations, that the night tide rises higher than the day tide. We prepared, however, for the event, which exceeded our most sanguine expectations, for, about twenty minutes after 10 o'clock in the evening, which was a full hour before high-water, the ship floated. At this time the heads

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1776 2 April.

High water.

Spring tides.

and neap.

The winds.

of rock which on the preceding tide were at least a foot above water were wholly covered. I was fully satisfied of the truth of the remark after getting into the river, where we remained from the 17th of June till the 4th of August, repairing the damage the ship had received. As this was to be done with the assistance of the tides, it led me to make the following observations, which upon any other less important occasion might have escaped my notice.

The times of high-water on the full and change days I found to be about a quarter after 9; the evening tide at the height of the spring to rise nine feet perpendicular, the morning tide scarce seven; and the low-water preceding the highest, or evening tide, to fall or recede considerably lower than the one preceding the morning tide. This difference in the rise and fall of the tide was uniformly the same on each of the three springs which happened while we lay in the place, and was apparent for about six or seven days--that is, for about three days before and after the full or change of the moon. During the neep the tide was very inconsiderable, and if there was any difference between the rise of the tide in the day and in the night it was not observed, but to the best of my recollection none was perceptible. Excepting two or three mornings when we had a land breeze for a few hours, we had the winds from no other direction than S.E., which is the same as this part of the coast, and from which quarter I judged the flood tide came. The wind for the most part blew a brisk gale, and rather stronger during the day than the night. How far this last circumstance might affect the evening tide I shall not pretend to determine, nor can I assign any other cause for this difference in the rise and fall of the tide, and therefore must leave it to those who are better versed in this subject than

Yours, &c,
J. COOK.


9 April.

Equipment.

CAPTAIN COOK TO SECRETARY STEPHENS.

SIR,-- 9 April, 1776.

Please to move my Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty to order his Majesty's sloops the Resolution and Discovery to be supply'd each of them with an apparatus for recovering drowned persons, as the same may be of great use in their present intended voyage.

I also pray that they will be pleased to order the Resolution to be supplyed with two puncheons of double-distilled spirit, in order to preserve from putrefaction such curious birds, fish, and other anemals we may happen to meet with in the course of the voyage.

I am, &c,
JAM'S COOK.


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POWDER REQUIRED.

1776 25 April.

An assistant.

CAPTAIN COOK TO SECRETARY STEPHENS.

SIR,-- Admiralty Office, 25 April, 1776.

Please to move their Lordships to direct the Governors of Christ Hospital to let me have one of the boys which are now ready to leave the mathematical school.

I am, &c,
JAM'S COOK.


29 April.

Gunpowder.

CAPTAIN COOK TO SECRETARY' STEPHENS.

SIR,-- 29 April, 1776.

Judging from experience that fifty half-barrels of powder which his Majesty's sloop the Resolution, under my command, is to be supplyed with will not be sufficient for so long a voyage as her intended one may be, I applyed to the principal officers of the Ordnance for ten additional half-barrels of corn'd powder and two of glazed; the latter not cloging or fouling the muskets so much as the former, maybe of great use to us on many occasions. Finding by the inclosed that they cannot comply with my request without an order from the Lords Commissr's of the Admiralty, please to move their Lordships to order her this additional supply.

I am, &c,
JAM'S COOK.

P.S.--It will be equally necessary for the Discovery to have some glazed powder.


Cook's request

referred to Admiralty.

[Enclosure.]

J. BODDINGTON 91 TO CAPTAIN COOK.

SIR,-- Office of Ordnance, 26 April, 1776.

Having laid before the principal officers of the Ordnance your letter of the 19th instant, requesting that his Majesty's sloop the Resolution, under your command, may be supplied with ten additional half-barrels of corn'd powder, as you do not imagine her allowance of fifty half-barrels sufficient for so long a voyage as she is intended, and also desiring that she may be supplied with two half-barrels of glazed powder, I received their commands to acquaint you that they cannot comply with your request without orders from the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty, which they desire you to apply for.

I am, &c,
JOHN BODDINGTON.


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1776 7 May.

Volunteers.

CAPTAIN CLERKE TO SECRETARY STEPHENS.

SIR,-- Admiralty Office, 7 May, 1776.

I beg leave to trouble you with the following request to their Lordships:

There are two men, David Markham and Will'm Morris, 92 on board the Lion (commanded by Lieut. Pickersgill), with whom I have long since been acquainted, who are very desirous of going the voyage with me.

I propos'd to Mr. Pickersgill to give him two men in their lieu, which he very readily came into, so intreat the favour of their Lordships that we may be indulg'd in this exchange.

I am, &c,
CHAS. CLERKE.


13 May.

The Discovery.

CAPTAIN CLERKE TO SECRETARY STEPHENS.

SIR,-- Galleons Reach, 13 May, 1776.

I beg leave to trouble you to acquaint their Lordships that I have left Deptford with his Majestie's sloop Discovery under my command, and have anchor'd in this reach to take in my guns, &c, in obedience to their Lordships' orders of the 14th of February.

I am, &c,
CHAS. CLERKE.


14 May.

Fisheries in Davis's Strait.

Extract of Instructions 93 to Lieutenant Pickersgill, of his Majesty's armed brig Lyon, dated the 14th May, 1776.

WHEREAS we intend that his Majesty's armed vessel the Lyon shall proceed to Davis's Streights for the protection of the British whalefishers who may be employed in those parts during the approaching fishing season, and that she shall afterwards proceed into Baffin's Bay for the purpose of making discoveries: You are

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PICKERSGILL'S INSTRUCTIONS.

1776 14 May.

Disco Island.

American colonists.

Baffin's Bay.

Exploration.

Mr. Lane.

therefore hereby required and directed to put to sea with the very first opportunity of wind and weather, and make the best of your way to the south end of Disco Island, in the abovementioned streights, where the whalefishers usually resort at the beginning of the season, and there make enquiry amongst them if they have heard of any armed or Other American ships in those parts belonging to the inhabitants of his Majesty's colonies now in rebellion; and if they have, you are to proceed in quest of them, and use your best endeavours to take or destroy them. You are afterwards to proceed to the north-west part of the said island, where the above-mentioned fishers usually resort during the latter part of the season, and make enquiry and proceed in like manner. And having so done, or not hearing of any American vessels in those parts, you are at liberty, and are hereby required and directed, to proceed up Baffin's Bay and explore the coasts thereof as far as in your judgment the same can be done without apparent risque, taking care to leave the above-mentioned bay so timely as to secure your return to England in the fall of the year, and to return accordingly to the Nore, from whence you are to send us an account of your arrival and proceedings.

You are carefully to observe the true situation of such parts of the above-mentioned coasts as you may discover, both in latitude and longitude, the variation of the needle, bearings of the headlands, height and direction of the tides and currents, depths and soundings of the sea, shoals, rocks, &c.; and to employ Mr. Lane, master of the vessel you command (who has an allowance for that purpose), in surveying, making charts, and taking views of the several bays, harbours, and different parts of the coast which you may visit, and in making such notations thereon as may be useful to geography and navigation.


1 June.

The Resolution.

Her crew.

CAPTAIN COOK TO SECRETARY STEPHENS.

SIR,-- Admiralty Office, 1 June, 1776.

Please to acquaint their Lordships that, as I did not think it safe to stop at Galleons Reach with his Majesty's sloop the Resolution, under my command, to take in her guns and gunner's stores, I proceeded to Long Reach to take them in there. When this is done, I am directed by their Lordships' order of the 14th of Febr'y to proceed to the Nore for further orders; but if the only intention for the sloop's stoping at the Nore is to pay the crews their advance wages, I am humbly of opinion this had

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1776 1 June.

better be done in Plymouth Sound, as it will give us an oppertunity to take on board some port wine, which the Victualling Board have ordered to be reserved for us.

I am, &c,
JAM'S COOK.


7 June.

The astronomer.

CAPTAIN COOK TO SECRETARY STEPHENS.

SIR,-- Resolution, Long Reach, 7 June, 1776.

I have received their Lordships' order, dated the 5th inst., directing me to proceed to Plymouth with the Resolution and Discovery; also their order, of the same date, in regard to Mr. Wm. Bayly and the two watch machines that are intended to be put on board the sloops.

I am, &c,
JAM'S COOK.


General instructions.

CAPTAIN CLERKE TO SECRETARY STEPHENS.

SIR,-- Discovery, sloop, Long Reach, 7 June, 1776.

Please to give directions for my being supply'd with the general printed naval instructions, with the Acts of Parlim't and statutes, and am, &c,

CHAS. CLERKE.


13 June.

Urgent business.

CAPTAIN CLERKE TO SECRETARY STEPHENS.

SIR,-- London, 13 June, 1776.

His Majestie's sloop Discovery, under my command, being in every particular equip'd for sea, I have receiv'd orders from Capt. Cook immediately to proceed for Plymouth, but some of my own private affairs of the utmost importance to me requiring my attention to them in town, I wou'd be highly oblig'd to their Lordships if I cou'd be indulg'd in attending them, and sending the ship round under the command of Lieut. Burney.

I am, &c,
CHAS. CLERKE.


15 June.

Cook's report.

CAPTAIN COOK TO SECRETARY STEPHENS.

SIR,-- Mile End, 15 June, 1776.

Late last night I received the inclosed, which I thought proper to transmit to you, as I apprehend, I have no authority to

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CAPTAIN CLERKE.

1776 15 June.

order the Discovery to proceed in the absence of her commander. An order sent to Woolwich will reach her time enough for her to sail to-morrow.

I am, &c,
JAM'S COOK.

P.S.--Cap. Clerke has my order to proceed to Plymouth.


Clerke cannot be found.

[Enclosure.]

LIEUTENANT BURNEY TO CAPTAIN COOK.

Long Reach, from on board the Discovery,

SIR,-- Friday, 13 June.

The orders are just arrived for the Resolution to proceed to Plymouth, but no mention made of the Discovery. Capt'n; Clerke is not on board, nor, I believe, will on this side Plymouth, and I know not where to direct to him; I therefore take the liberty to trouble you, and should be glad to know if we are to go round with the Resolution.

I remain, &c,
JA'S BURNEY.


30 June.

The Resolution at Plymouth.

CAPTAIN COOK TO SECRETARY STEPHENS.

SIR,-- Plymouth Sound, 30 June, 1776.

Please to acquaint their Lordships with the arrival of his Majesty's sloop the Resolution, under my command, at this place yesterday, in the afternoon.

I am, &c,
JAM'S COOK.


9 July.

Receipt of instructions.

CAPTAIN COOK TO SECRETARY STEPHENS.

SIR,-- Resolution, sloop, in Plym. Sound, 9 July, '76.

I am to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 6th instant, with the secret instructions therein mentioned, and the two orders regarding Mr. Webber and Omai, all of which shall be duly attended to.

I am, &c,
JAM'S COOK.


Durance vile.

CAPTAIN CLERKE TO MR. BANKS (Banks Papers).

DEAR SIR,-- Friday morning [no date.] 94

I am very sorry to inform you that now I am fairly cast away--the damnation Bench of Justices fell out among themselves, upset, and fairly frustrated the friendly intentions of Sir

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1776

Financial difficulties

Fletcher Norton, 95 &c.--wrote a rascally letter, hoping that I would not find any inconvenience from it, and put off the adjournment to Monday sen night. Now, you know, this is quite beyond our reach--it seems the whole legends of the Bench do not furnish such another incident--indeed there's a fatality attends my every undertaking--those people whom I most honour and esteem, that favour me with the name of friend, to them I become a trouble and burthen; however, though we cannot help misfortunes, we can help deserving them, and I am determined that want of gratitude and attention shall never be an accusation against me; therefore I'm resolved to decamp without beat of drum, and if I can, outsail the Israelites, get to sea, and make every return in my power. I think I had better write to Lord Sandwich 96 to thank him, as I cannot now wait upon him, for my visitations must be very private, and ask him if he has any orders for me; do tell me what I must do on that head, and if you would have me wait upon you ere I depart, &c, &c, and believe me, in prosperity or adversity,

Yours, &c,
CHAS. CLERKE.

I have sent the log-books, &c. In the marvel-coloured book you'll find the best accounts of lands, &c, &c, &c.


Exasperated Jews.

CAPTAIN CLERKE TO MR. BANKS (Banks Papers).

DEAR SIR,-- Friday Eve. 97

I this day received a letter from Lord Sandwich acquainting me he shall certainly order the Discovery to sea very soon, in short, giving me to understand that if I cannot leave town by the 10th or 11th instant I must give all up; now, that completes the wretchedness of my situation. I find the Jews are exasperated and determined to spare no pains to arrest me if they could once

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SMALL-POX ON DISCOVERY.

1776

The run to the Cape.

catch, me out of the rules of the Bench; this you know would be striking the finishing stroke. Let me, my good friend, intreat the influence of your friendship here. I shall certainly be clear'd the 16th or 18th instant, and shall then be happy. If the Resolution sailed to-morrow I should be soon enough at the Cape for our every purpose. She must water on her way upon account of the live cattle, &c, she has on board. I have no such impediment, but shall run there without interruption. At the Cape, your bread which you bespeak is bak'd, and various other matters prepar'd which never takes up less than a fortnight before you can get them. If Capt. Cook should get here before me he can bespeak my quantum, which you know he's very well acquainted with, and I certainly shall not be a great while after him; at any rate, I trust you will try what can be done for your castaway but everlastingly gratefull,

Oblig'd servant,
CHAS. CLERKE.


1 Aug.

At Plymouth.

Small-pox.

Getting under way.

Captain Clerke to -----. 98

SIR,-- Discovery, at Plymouth, 1 August '76.

I must beg the favour of you to acquaint their Lordships that I got down here on Tuesday night. Was busied yesterday in getting two men in lieu of two I've sent to the hospital--one with the small-pox, which was rather an unfortunate precedent; but I've exchanged the only two marines that have not had this distemper for others who have, and among the seamen there are only two who have not had it. These are two very good men, very desirous of going the voyage, and, as the contagion can go no farther, I think I may venture to go on. I shall immediately get under way, and proceed according to their Lordships' instructions, and hope in the course of the voyage to act in such a manner as to render myself not wholly unworthy that distinguish'd indulgence their Lordships have been so good as to favour me with.

I have, &c,
CHAS. CLERKE.


3 Aug.

The commissariat.

CAPTAIN COOK TO SECRETARY STEPHENS.

SIR,-- Resolution, Teneriff, 3 August, 1776.

After leaving Plymouth, I found I had not provisions on board for the stock I am carrying to the South Sea Islands to last to the Cape of Good Hope, and was under a necessity to put

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1776 3 Aug.

in somewhere to get more, and made choice of this island, where I arrived two days ago, and having got what I wanted, am geting under sail to proceed on the voyage.

I am, &c,
JAM'S COOK.


23 Oct.

At the Cape.

CAPTAIN COOK TO SECRETARY STEPHENS.

Resolution, Cape of Good Hope,

SIR,-- 23 October, 1776.

I beg you will be pleased to acquaint the Right Hon. the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty that I sailed from the Island of Teneriffe on the 4th of August, and without stoping any where arrived at this place on the 18th instant, and am now persuing the necessary measures for puting the ship in a condition to proceed on the voyage. The Discovery is not yet arrived.

I am, &c,
JAM'S COOK.


23 Nov.

Old friends.

The passage to the Cape.

A gale.

CAPTAIN CLERKE TO MR. BANKS 99 (Banks Papers).

Discovery, at the Cape of Good Hope,

MY DEAR SIR,-- 23 November, 1776.

Here I am hard and fast moor'd alongside my old friend Capt'n Cook, so that our battles with the Israelites cannot now have any ill-effects upon our intended attack upon the North Pole. I think I acquainted you from Plymouth, on the 1st of August, that I was getting under way; I then got a good outset with a fresh easterly breeze, and made a very good passage to within a few leagues of this land without any kind of accident befalling us but the loss of the corporal of marines by unfortunately falling overboard soon after we had enter'd the Southern Hemisphere. We had a little of the small and abundance of the French pox amongst us at our sailing, but all hands were perfectly cleans'd and perfectly healthy at our arrival here. The sour crout and portable soup, with now and then a few albetrosses, we find a most salutary diet. I made this land on the 30th of October, and should have been in with all facility the next day, but a confounded gale from the S.E. sprung up and blew with violence enough, I thought, to upset the Table Hill; however, in spight of my blood it drove me off the coast again and detained me at sea till the 9th of this month, when I got in and

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AT THE CAPE OF GOOD HOPE.

1776 23 Nov.

The law's delay.

A protege of Banks.

Farewell.

found the Resolution had then been here three weeks, and, of course, had got all my provisions, &c, in good forwardness for embarking. Capt. Cook set the bakers to work immediately upon his arrival, and the last of my bread was baked on the 21st instant. I shall be ready for sea by the 25th or 26th; the Resolution is not yet quite compleat, so that those curs'd procrastinations the gentlemen of the law plagued us with will exceedingly little, if at all, impede our leaving this place. Your man Nelson is one of the quietest fellows in nature; he seems very attentive, and, I hope, will answer your purpose very well. I flatter myself I need not assure you of every attention of mine towards his giving you all satisfaction. He has made a trip up the country here with Gore, who is very well, and desires his respects and compliments to you and the good doctors, to whom I mean presently to address myself. I have executed your commissions to Mr. Prihm and Mr. Brand 100 [Brandt], who both seem much pleased with your compliments. We shall now sail in a very few days, and return to the old trade of exploring, so can only say adieu, adieu, my very good friend. Be assured that happen what will it is wholly out of the power of durance of time or length of space in the least to alleviate that sense of gratitude your goodness has inspir'd, but, indeed, I shall ever endeavour upon all and every occasion to acquit myself, dear sir,

Yours, &c,
CHAS. CLERKE.


Ready for sea.

Nov. 29th. 101--We are now all ready for the sea, and shall certainly this evening or to-morrow morning proceed. I was oblig'd to go and get my letter again, and make this addition. At my first arrival here Mr. Brand [Brandt] offer'd to take upon himself the expences of Nelson. I told him there was no necessity for it; I should settle all his matters. I have now settled all my accounts, &c, but just now found that two of my boys had spent all their money, and were fairly in pawn, so I thought the easiest way was to give Brand the receipt of Nelson's for 31 rix dollars, which I have here advanced him, which you will repay, take the dollars from him and make him your creditor for that sum. We are now all hurry, so have only time to say adieu, adieu, for a long, and I hope a good, campaigne. Adieu!


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1776 28 Nov.

Cook's letters.

Ready for sea.

A philanthropic spirit.

Finance.

CAPTAIN COOK TO SECRETARY STEPHENS.

SIR,-- Cape of Good Hope, 28 November, 1776.

I did myself the honour to write to you by a French ship on the 23rd of last month, and by the Hampshire, Indiaman, on the 5th instant. 102 On the 10th, Captain Clerke arrived, by whom I received your letter of the 20th of July. 103 and the several things therein mentioned, which I shall duly attend to. The work necessary to be done to the Discovery, and the bakers failing to bake the bread I had ordered for her, thinking if she did not arrive it would be left on their hand, has detained me here some days longer than I expected. I am now ready to put to sea with the first wind, having filled the sloops with provisions, and made some considerable addition to the live stock on board the Resolution, intended to be sent to Otaheite. As I have taken the liberty to do this with a view of serving posterity, by having some to spare to leave on the lands I may touch at before I arrive at that island, I hope it will meet their Lordships' approbation, and that they will order the bill to be honoured which I have taken the liberty to draw on you of this date, in favour of Mr. Christoffel Brand, or order, for the sum of two hundred and fourteen pounds ten shillings and sixpence sterling, in a set of bills of exchange of the same tenor and date, and payable at thirty days' sight, it being for the purchase and keeping the live stock, supporting Omai, and for defraying Mr. Webber's expences, all of which will appear by the enclosed vouchers. A painting which he made of St. Cruz, in the Island of Teneriffe, I have left with Mr. Brand, of this place, to be forwarded to their Lordships by the first safe opportunity.

I am, &c,
JAM'S COOK.


1777 13 March.

Young's instructions.

Cook's movements.

THE LORDS OF THE ADMIRALTY TO LIEUTENANT YOUNG.

Extract of Instructions to Lieutenant Young, commanding the Lyon, armed vessel, dated 13th March, 1777.

WHEREAS in pursuance of the King's pleasure, signified to us by the Earl of Sandwich, his Majesty's sloops named in the margin 104 have been sent out under the command of Captain Cook, in order, during this and the ensuing year, to attempt the discovery of a northern passage by sea from the Pacific to the Atlantic Ocean, and for that purpose to run up as high as the latitude of 65° north, where it is hoped he will be able to arrive in the month of June next, and there, and as much further to the northward as

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LIEUTENANT YOUNG'S INSTRUCTIONS.

1777 13 March

Exploration of Baffin's Bay.

A passage to the Pacific.

Discretionary powers.

in his prudence he shall think proper, very carefully to search for and explore such rivers or islets as may appear to be of a considerable extent, and pointing to Hudson's of Baffin's Bay, on the North Sea; and upon finding any passage through, sufficient for the purposes of navigation, to attempt such passage with one or both of the sloops, or, if they are judged to be too large, with smaller vessels, the frames of which have been sent out with him for that purpose; and whereas, in pursuance of his Majesty's further pleasure, signified as aforesaid, the armed vessel under your command hath been fitted in order to proceed to Baffin's Bay, with a view to explore the western parts thereof, and to endeavour to find a passage on that side from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean, and we have thought fit to entrust you with the conduct of that voyage: You are therefore hereby required and directed to put to sea in the said armed vessel without a moment's loss of time and make the best of your way into Baffin's Bay, and to use your best endeavours to explore the western shores thereof as far as in your judgment the same can be done without apparent risque, and to examine such considerable rivers or inlets as you may discover, and in case you find any through which there may be a probability of passing into the Pacific Ocean you are to attempt such passage, and if you succeed in the attempt, and shall be able to repass it again so as to return to England this year, you are to make the best of your way to Spithead or the Nore, and to remain there until you receive further order, sending us an account of your arrival and proceedings. But if you shall succeed in the attempt, and shall find the season too far advanced for you to return the same way, you are then to look out for the most commodious place to winter in, and to endeavour to return by the said passage as early in the next year as the season will admit, and then to make the best of your way to England as above directed.

In case, however, you should not find, or should be satisfied there is not any probability of finding, any such passage, or finding it you should not be able to get through in the vessel you command, you are then to return to England as before mentioned, unless you shall find any branch of the sea leading to the westward which you shall judge likely to afford a communication between the Atlantic and the Pacific Ocean, and which you shall not be able to explore in the course of this year, it being in that case left to your discretion to stay the winter in the most commodious situation you can find, in order to pursue the discovery next year if you shall find it advisable to do so; and, having discovered such passage or not succeeded in the attempt, you are to make the best of your way back to England as above directed.


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1777 2 April.

A gale.

LIEUTENANT YOUNG TO ---- 105

SIR,-- Lyon, Peter Head, 2 April, 1777.

I beg you will be pleas'd to inform their Lordships that I was obliged by a heavy gale of wind at North to put into this bay for shelter and to repair the damages we have sustain'd.

I am, &c,
WAL. YOUNG.


6 July.

A fruitless voyage.

LIEUTENANT YOUNG TO SECRETARY STEPHENS.

Lyon, at sea; Cape Farewell, N.b.W. 19 leags.,

SIR,-- 6 July, 1777.

I beg you will be pleas'd to acquaint their Lordships that I arrived off the island of Disco on the 5th of June. On the 8th I got to the lattd. of 72° 45' N., where we were stopped by the ice. We then coasted the ice to the north end of the island of Disco, and found it a close solid body. On the 14th I got to the above lattd. and found the ice in same state, fixed to the land and impenetrable. From its situation and all the information I have been able to collect, I am persuaded that it is impossible to penetrate farther to the northward; and as the foggs are sett in, whereby the navigation in so small a space of water has become (from the floating ice and islands) both intricate and dangerous, I could not continue here any longer without imminent danger to his Majestie's brig. I therefore thought it necessary to call at the Danish settlement at Disco for farther information, where I arrived on the 19th, and sailed from thence on the 22nd for England. Inclos'd 106 with this I send you the state and condition of his Majesty's brig under my command.

I am, &c,
WAL. YOUNG.


20 Sept.

Presents for the Indians.

LIEUTENANT YOUNG TO SECRETARY STEPHENS.

SIR,-- Lyon, Deptford, 20 September, 1777.

I beg you will be pleas'd to acquaint their Lordships that a great part of the presents intended for the Indians are on board the Lyon, and shou'd be glad to know how their Lordships will have them disposed off. Inclosed I send you a list of them. 107

I am, &c,
WAL. YOUNG.


1   These vessels were distinguished for their great carrying capacity and comparatively small draught. They were largely used in the Baltic, and in the coal trade on the north-eastern coast of England. Cook admitted that it was in consequence of having a vessel of this class--such as the Endeavour was--that he was able "to traverse a far greater space of sea, till then unnavigated, to discover greater tracks of country in high and low south latitudes, and to persevere longer in exploring and surveying more correctly the extensive coasts of those newly-discovered countries, than any former navigator, perhaps, had done during one voyage."-- Voyage towards the South Pole, vol. i, p. xxvi.
2   The significance of the Transit of Venus was first pointed out by Dr. Halley, in a paper read before the Royal Society in the year 1691, On the Visible Conjunctions of the Inferior Planets with the Sun.--Philos. Trans, (abridged edition), vol. iii, p. 448. He demonstrated that by the observation of this phenomenon alone, the distance of the sun from the earth might be determined with the greatest certainty. He returned to the subject in 1716, in another paper, On a New Method of Determining the Parallax of the Sun or his Distance from the Earth.--Philosophical Transactions (abridged edition), vol. vi, p. 243. The observations of the first Transit of Venus, which occurred after the publication of Halley's "new method," were not very successful. Some of the calculations were erroneous; and, as one of the consequences, the most favourable localities were not used as observing-stations. When the time approached for the second Transit--viz., that of 23rd May, 1769--the Royal Society determined to make amends. The matter was successfully represented to the Government of the day--that of the Earl of Chatham. The Endeavour was placed at the disposal of the Royal Society. Cook, then a master, was raised to the rank of lieutenant, placed in command by the Admiralty, and selected by the Royal Society to observe the Transit in conjunction with Mr. Green. The island of Otaheite, then newly discovered by Wallis, was selected as the observing-station. The history of the expedition will be found at length in Hawkesworth's Voyages, vols, ii and iii.
3   The letter is not amongst the Records.
4   At the time this letter was written, Alexander Dalrymple, the eminent hydrographer, was regarded as commander of the expedition. In a pamphlet published by him in 1773, and entitled--A Letter from Mr. Dalrymple to Dr. Hawkesworth, occasioned by some groundless and illiberal imputations in his account of the late Voyages to the South--he claims to have chosen the Endeavour, and to have had actual command of the ship. In the postscript to a second letter, which--in consequence of Dr. Hawkesworth's death--was not published, he refers to his reasons for "preferring the Endeavour to the other ship, which was smaller." Locker, in his Memoirs of Naval Commanders, gives the following account of the circumstances which led up to Cook's appointment:--

"In 1768 the Royal Society made application to the King to appoint a ship to convey to the South Seas Mr. Alexander Dalrymple (a gentleman of great nautical science) and other persons qualified to observe the transit of Venus over the sun's disk. They further proposed that a brevet commission should be given to Mr. Dalrymple to command the vessel.

"When the case of Mr. Dalrymple was referred to Sir Edward Hawke, he declared that none but a King's officer should bear the royal commission, and that he would rather lose his right hand than sign an act so dishonourable to his profession. In this dilemma it was suggested that Mr. Cook was fully qualified for the proposed service, he being a master in the Royal Navy, and already distinguished as an able mathematician. The Admiralty thereupon gave him a lieutenant's commission to command the Endeavour." See also Kippis, p. 51.
5   It is evident from this that Kippis was wrong in stating (p. 17) that the Endeavour was selected by Sir Hugh Palliser and Lieutenant Cook after the appointment of the latter on the 25th May, 1768.
6   John Manners, eldest son of the Duke of Rutland. He distinguished himself as a military officer on the Continent, where he commanded the British forces serving under Prince Ferdinand of Brunswick. At the date of this letter he was Master-General of the Ordnance in the Grafton Administration.
7   Cook was appointed a First Lieutenant of the Royal Navy, and Commander of the Endeavour, on the 25th May, 1768, and Captain on 29th August, 1771.--(Kippis's Life of Cook, pp. 17 and 182.) Pelham, in his Collection of Voyages, states (vol. i, p. 142) that Cook received his lieutenant's commission on 1st April, 1760. This, however, is an error. A Lieutenant James Cook, a protege of the Duke of Newcastle, was serving in 1765 on board the Wolf, at Jamaica, under Sir William Burnaby. This, doubtless, is the officer whose commission issued in 1760, and whom Pelham confounded with James Cook, the circumnavigator.--See Annual Register, vol. viii, p. 100.
8   Unfortunately, the document referred to is not amongst the Records.
9   Mr. Alcock was apparently one of the officials in the Admiralty Office.
10   Guthrey was duly appointed boatswain, but did not live to return. He died at sea on 4th February, 1771. He was one of the twenty-three unfortunates who succumbed to dysentery and fever during the terrible six weeks immediately following the departure from Batavia.
11   This appointment was made. His name was Forwood, not Forward.
12   Mr. Charles Green (youngest son of Mr. Joshua Green, a considerable farmer and freeholder, of Yorkshire), born 1735, educated by his brother, a schoolmaster. Appointed to Greenwich Observatory as assistant to the Astronomer Royal, Dr. Bradley, in 1761. Continued to act in same capacity to Mr. Bliss (Dr. Bradley's successor). In 1763 appointed, in conjunction with Dr. Maskelyne, by the Commissioners of the Board of Longitude, to make observations at Barbadoes for the determination of the best means of ascertaining longitude. Upon the appointment of Dr. Maskelyne as Astronomer Royal in 1765, Green appears to have severed his connection with Greenwich. From this time until 1768 he appears to have taken merely a private part in astronomical affairs. In that year he was selected by the Royal Society to observe the transit of Venus, at the island discovered by Captain Wallis, and named by him King George the Third's Island (now Tahiti). The British Government provided the ship --the Endeavour--and appointed Lieutenant James Cook commander. The remainder of Green's history will be found in the pages of Hawkesworth's Voyages, vols, ii and iii. He died shortly after leaving Batavia, on the 29th January, 1771, and was buried at sea.--Biographia Britannica, vol. iv, p. 150, note.
13   Mr. (afterwards Sir Joseph) Banks. Space will not permit more than a reference to the principal works from which information as to Sir Joseph Banks's career and labours can be obtained, viz.:--Hawkesworth's Voyages, Lond., 1773. Parkinson's Journal, Lond., 1773. Van Trail's Letters on Iceland, 1781. The Remembrancer, April, 1784, pp. 298-309. London Review, April, 1784, pp. 265, et seq. The Critical Review, April, 1784, pp. 299, et seq. An Appeal to the Fellows of the Royal Society, Lond., 1784. Narrative of the Dissension in the Royal Society, 1784. History of the Instances of Exclusion from the Royal Society, Lond., 1784. Kippis's Observations on the late Contests in the Royal Society, Lond., 1784. Naturalists' Library, vol. xxix, pp. 17-48. Annual Register, 1820, part ii, pp. 113, et seq. Gentleman's Magazine, 1820, part i, pp. 574 and 637, and part ii, pp. 86 and 99. Annual Biography and Obituary, 1821, p. 97. Nouvelle Biographic Generale, tom, iv, p. 362. Home's Hunterian Oration, 1822. Sir Joseph Banks and the Royal Society, Lond., 1846. Suttor's Memoirs of Sir Joseph Banks, Parramatta, 1855. Duncan's Short Account of the Life of Sir Joseph Banks, Edin., 1821. Cuvier's Eloge Historique lu le 2 Avril, 1821. The New Monthly Magazine, Aug., 1820, p. 185. Barron's Sketches, 1849, p. 12. Weld's History of the Royal Society, 1884, p. 103. Lord Brougham's Lives of Men of Letters and Science, vol. i.
14   David McBride, author of several medical works, the best known of which is his Introduction to the Theory and Practice of Physics.
15   See Cook's letter to the President of the Royal Society, post, p. 127.
16   This and the following letter are not in the handwriting of Lieutenant Cook. They were signed by him, but were apparently written by a clerk. The letter from Batavia, vol. i, p. 1, is in the same hand; as is also the Admiralty Journal, and the Journal recently purchased in London by Mr. Corner. The Endeavour sailed from Plymouth on the 26th August, 1768.
17   M. de Bougainville experienced exactly similar treatment from Count da Cunha, Viceroy in 1767. His remarks on the manner in which the law of nations was interpreted in Brazil are quite as pronounced as those of Captain Cook.-- Voyage of M. de Bougainville, English edition, p. 72, et seq. Even Commodore Byron, who appears to have been treated with exceptional courtesy, remarks upon the Viceroy being "as absolute a sovereign as any upon earth."--Hawkesworih's Voyages, vol. i, p. 6.
18   Zachary Hicks, second lieutenant, and next in command to Cook.
19   D. Antonio Rolim de Moura, Count of Azambuja, Viceroy, 1767-70. Cook, it will be noticed, invariably addressed him as Count Rolim.
20   The Dolphin and the Tamar, under Commodore Byron, were at Rio in September, 1764.
21   By no one on board the Endeavour was the treatment received from the Viceroy more keenly felt than by Banks. When he found it was impossible to move the Viceroy, he determined to outwit him. On the 22nd November his servants were sent on shore before daylight, returning on board after dark, with plants and insects. On the 26th, Banks himself stole on shore in the same way, and spent the whole of the day in the fields. The country people treated him kindly, and he returned in the evening with, amongst other things, a muscovy duck, for which he "paid something less than two shillings."--Hawkesworth, vol. ii, p. 25.
22   The originals of these memorials and letters cannot now be found. The attested copies of his own letters and translations of the Viceroy's were sent home by Cook; these are still in existence in the Admiralty Office, and are printed at the end of this letter as enclosures.
23   The "Spanish packet" was carrying despatches from Buenos Ayres to Spain. There is no record of her name, but she was commanded by Don Antonio de Velasco.
24   Two Portuguese officers were treated similarly by Count da Cunha for having shown undue civility to M. de Bougainville. One was imprisoned in the Citadel; the other exiled. What was Captain Forster's fate it is now impossible to say.
25   Bahia--now generally known as San Salvador--was, until 1763, the capital of Brazil. Cook surmised that the English vessel referred to must have been a private trading vessel. See his memorial of 19th November, 1768, post, p. 67. In a subsequent memorial, post, pp. 68, 69, the Viceroy admitted that it was one of the East India Company's vessels. Captain Wallis was off the eastern coast of South America with the Dolphin and Swallow in 1766, but did not land on the Brazilian coast.
26   This passage has reference to the visit of inspection described in Hawkesworth (vol. ii, p. 19) as follows:--"We came immediately to an anchor, and almost at the same time a ten-oared boat, full of soldiers, came up, and kept rowing round the ship without exchanging a word. In less than a quarter of an hour another boat came on board with several of the Viceroy's officers, who asked--whence we came; what was our cargo; the number of men and guns on board; the object of our voyage; and several other questions, which we directly and truly answered." These are the "many and very particular questions" referred to by Cook in his letter to Stephens. Ante, p. 57.
27   Conde da Cunha.
28   Commodore Byron's account of his experiences at Rio Janeiro will be found in Hawkesworth, vol. i, p. 6.
29   Lieutenant Hicks.
30   The reference here is to the case of Commodore Byron, cited by Cook in his memorial of the previous day. The allusion to "the war" is not so clear, peace having been proclaimed more than eighteen months before the date on which Commodore Byron put into Rio de Janeiro in the Dolphin and Tamar.
31   The Viceroy appears to have had a very imperfect idea of the object of the expedition. Hawkesworth (vol. ii, p. 20) says:--"I told him that we were bound to the southward by the order of his Britannic Majesty to observe a transit of the planet Venus over the sun, an astronomical phenomenon of great importance to navigation. Of the transit of Venus, however, he could form no other conception than that it was the passing of the North Star through the South Pole."
32   The enclosure, which is not amongst the Records, was evidently a copy of the letter of the 23rd October, 1770, sent by Cook to Stephens, from Onrust, near Batavia.
33   Hawkesworth gives the number who died on the passage to Cape of Good Hope as twenty-three, namely: "Mr. Sporing (a gentleman who was in Mr. Banks's retinue), Mr. Parkinson (his natural history painter), Mr. Green (the astronomer), the boatswain, the carpenter and his mate, Mr. Monkhouse (the midshipman who had fothered the ship after she had been stranded on the coast of New Holland), our old jolly sailmaker and his assistant, the ship's cook, the corporal of marines, two of the carpenter's crew, a midshipman, and nine seamen."--Vol. iii, p. 780.
34   John Edgcumbe. This recommendation was acted upon. Edgcumbe was advanced to the rank of lieutenant of marines, and in that capacity accompanied Cook on his second voyage. Cook named Edgcumbe Bay, on the Queensland coast, after him.
35   At the conclusion of his first voyage round the world, Cook was promoted to be a Commander in the Royal Navy, by commission bearing date the 29th August, 1771.--Kippis's Life of Captain Cook, p. 182.
36   Evidently to Secretary Stephens.
37   John Walker was the senior member of a coal-shipping firm at Whitby. Cook was apprenticed to him when a lad, and kept up a lifelong friendship.--The Editor.
38   The enclosure is missing. In the Commission and Warrant Book at the War Office are the following entries:--"Commissions, dated 28th Nov'r, 1771, for--Mr. James Cook, commander, Drake, sloop; Lieut. Robt. Pallisser Cooper, (1), Lieut. Charles Clerke, (2), Drake, sloop; Mr. Tobias Furneaux, commander, Raleigh, sloop; Lieut. Joseph Shank, 1st, Raleigh, sloop. Warrant, dated 12th December, 1771, for James Gray, boatswain of the Creuizer, to be in the Drake, sloop; Robert Anderson, of good testimony, who has passed an examination, to be gunner of the Drake, sloop; Thomas Hardman, of good testimony, to be boatswain of the Creuizer, sloop, former removed to the Drake. Warrant, dated 13th Decem'r, 1771, for--Andrew Gloag, of good testimony, who has passed an examination, to be gunner of the Raleigh, sloop. Commission, dated 25th Decem'r, 1771, for--Mr. James Cook, commander, Resolution, sloop; Lieut. Robert Pallisser Cooper (1), Lieut. Charles Clerke (2), Lieut. Richard Pickersgill (3), Resolution, sloop; Mr. Tobias Furneaux, commander, Adventure, sloop; Lieut. Joseph Shank, 1st, Adventure, sloop. Warrant, dated 25th Decem'r, 1771, for--James Gray, boatswain of the Drake, sloop, to be in the Resolution, sloop; Robert Anderson, gunner of the Drake, sloop, to be in the Resolution, sloop; James Wallis, carpenter of the Drake, sloop, to be in the Resolution, sloop; Edward Johns, boatswain of the Raleigh, sloop, to be in the Adventure, sloop; Andrew Gloag, gunner of the Raleigh, sloop, to be in the Adventure, sloop; James Adcock, carpenter of the Raleigh, sloop, to be in the Adventure, sloop." It is necessary to add that "Drake" and "Raleigh" were the original names of the Resolution and Adventure respectively.
39   It appears from this that Cook did not see any active service after his return in the Endeavour until he started on his second voyage--a period of twelve months.
40   The only description of Cook's father which has any claim to authenticity is that given by George Colman, the younger, in an account of a tour in the year 1775 into the northern parts of England. The party consisted of the two Colmans--father and son--Captain Phipps (afterwards Lord Mulgrave), Mr. (afterwards Sir Joseph) Banks, and Omai, a native of Ulietea. These were the "visitors at the Hall," named in the subjoined extract. They were the guests of Sir Charles Turner, of Kirkleatham Hall, near Gisborough. Colman writes:--"In the adjacent village of Kirkleatham there was, at this time, an individual residing in a neat, comfortable cottage, who excited much interest in the visitors at the Hall. His looks were venerable from his great age, and his deportment was above that usually found among the lowly inhabitants of a hamlet. How he had acquired this air of superiority over his neighbours it is difficult to say, for his origin must have been humble. His eightieth summer had nearly passed away, and only two or three years previously he had learned to read, so that he might gratify a parent's love and pride by perusing his son's first voyage round the world! He was the father of Captain Cook." Memoirs of the Colman Family, R. B. Peake, vol. i, p. 277. For an account of Cook's ancestors see The Topographer and Genealogist, vol. ii, pp. 551-552.
41   No date, but evidently about the end of December, 1771.
42   James Grey [or Gray] was an A.B. in the Endeavour until the 5th February, 1771, when he succeeded Samuel Evans as quartermaster. He accompanied Cook as boatswain of the Resolution in 1772-5.
43   Robert Anderson was an A.B. on the Endeavour until the 25th September, 1768, and from that date quartermaster. He accompanied Cook as gunner of the Resolution in 1772-5, and again in the same capacity and on the same vessel in 1776-80.
44   John, fourth Earl of Sandwich, popularly known by his contemporaries as "Jemmy Twitcher"; referred to in the House of Commons by Thomas Townshend as the "most profligate sad dog in the kingdom." First Lord of Admiralty, December, 1748; re-appointed to that office in April, 1763, and again in January, 1771; Secretary of State, September, 1763, and again in December, 1770. He incurred much odium by his treatment of Wilkes.--(See Lord Chesterfield's Letters, vol. ii, p. 479; Walpole's Reign of George III, vol. i, p. 311, et seq.; and vol. iv, p. 317, A Voyage round the Mediterranean, London, 1779.) Kippis, in his Life of Cook, p. xii, refers to the Earl of Sandwich as "the great patron of our navigator, and the principal mover in his mighty undertakings."
45   This is an error. Hutchins was an A.B. until September, 1769, when he was appointed boatswain's mate. On the death of the boatswain, John Guthrey, 4th February, 1771, he (Hutchins) was promoted to the vacancy. He does not appear to have accompanied Cook on either of his subsequent voyages.
46   See also a letter on the same subject, to Sir John Pringle, post, p. 129.
47   Terrel served on the Endeavour as carpenter's servant.
48   Furneaux, Tobias (1735-1781). Employed during the Seven Years' War (1757-1763) on the French and African coasts and the West Indian stations, principally in the Melampe, Edinburgh, and Ferret. He accompanied Captain Wallis as second lieutenant of the Dolphin during her voyage round the world in 1766--68; and was appointed a commander in 1771. When Cook was preparing for his second voyage, Furneaux was selected to command the Adventure, the companion ship to Cook's vessel the Resolution. See Cook's Voyage towards the South Pole in the years 1772-75, particularly vol. i, chap, vii, and vol. ii, chap. viii. Furneaux commanded H.M.S. Syren under Sir P. Parker in the attack on New Orleans, 28 June, 1777. Furneaux Islands discovered by him, were named in his honour by Captain Cook. According to the Dictionary of National Biography, portraits of him, by Northcote, are still preserved in the family.
49   The party of marines on board the Resolution consisted of one lieutenant (John Edgcumbe, who had accompanied Cook in the Endeavour as Sergeant of Marines--ante, p. 77), one sergeant, two corporals, one drummer, and fifteen privates. On the Adventure were eight privates, one drummer, one corporal, and one sergeant, under Lieutenant James Scott.
50   Dr. Joseph Priestly, the celebrated physicist, a most voluminous writer. See his Memoirs by his son, Lond., 1806; and Gentleman's Magazine, lxxiv.
51   The original of this letter, and also those of the letters from Clerke to Banks given on pp. 95, 98, 135, 136, and 137, post, were amongst the collection of papers purchased by the Government of New South Wales from Lord Brabourne.
52   Lieutenant Robert Palliser Cooper was the first lieutenant of the Resolution.
53   This very important letter is, unfortunately, missing.
54   This letter is the first intimation the Records contain of Banks's intention to abandon the expedition. The true facts of the case will probably never be known. The earliest published reference to the matter was contained in the preface of a small octavo volume of 328 pp., published, from information supplied by Marra, gunner's mate (See letter from Cook to Stephens, post, p. 119), by Newbury, of St. Paul's Churchyard, in 1775, i.e., two years before the official 4to. publication. From the preface the following extract is taken:--"How it came to pass that the four above-named gentlemen (Banks, Solander, Lind, and Zoffani), recommended by His Majesty as associates, were excluded, can only be conjectured from what is known. It put, indeed, a check to the rising expectations of the literati when the news was circulated that at the very moment when these learned and ingenious gentlemen were ready to embark, nay, when they had even taken leave of his Majesty for that purpose, and after the ship, provisioned for their reception, had sailed from the dock in which she was fitted up, a protest arrived at the Admiralty office, signed by the pilot, lieutenant, and master, by which she was declared utterly unfit for the voyage, equally incapable of bearing a high sea and answering her helm, and that the pilot could not even engage for her reaching Plymouth without over-setting. The mysterious tendency of this protest was rendered still more obscure by the assurance which his Majesty had received but a few days before that the ship was compleatly equipped, and perfectly adapted to the voyage for which she had been purchased. His Majesty, after this declaration, on reading the protest before mentioned, could not help expressing his astonishment, when to avert his indignation he was told that Mr. Banks was too unreasonable in his requisitions; and that to accommodate that gentleman and his attendants it had been found necessary to raise the upper works of the ship to such a height as to render her useless for any other purpose. Mr. Banks, on being made acquainted with this unfavourable report made to his Majesty, ordered his stores to be brought on shore, as did Dr. Solander, Dr. Lind, Mr. Zoffani, and five draftsmen that had been engaged by Mr. Banks for the purpose of delineating the curiosities of every kind that might be discovered in the course of the voyage--a voyage patronised by Parliament as well as by Royal Bounty, the Commons having voted £4,000 to Dr. Lind for his assistance in it; and to make it still more memorable, medals were ordered to be struck for it in brass, and Mr. Banks was at the expense of a few in gold and silver." The able writer of the notice under the heading of Sir Joseph Banks in the Nouvelle Biographie Universelle, referring to the allegation that Banks did not go on the second voyage, because room could not be found by Captain Cook for his party, says:--"Was it jealousy or regret at having seen his glory outshone by men who had so 'effectively partaken of his labours? Was it the remembrance of some embarrassment which they had occasioned him during his first voyage?" Lord Brougham, in his Lives of Men of Letters and Science (vol. ii, p. 361), lays the whole blame at the door of Sir Hugh Palliser.
55   The Earl of Rochford, Secretary of State in the Ministry of the day-- that of Lord North.
56   Captain (afterwards Sir Hugh) Palliser.
57   Joseph Gilbert, master of the Resolution.
58   The original, a holograph, is in the possession of the Government.
59   The letter referred to, has not been preserved.
60   Nicholas Young belonged to Banks's suite on board the Endeavour The part of the New Zealand coast first sighted was called Young Nick's Head by Captain Cook, because it was first seen by Young. He was also the first one to sight the Lizard on the return of the expedition.--Hawkesworth, vol. ii, p. 297; vol. iii, p. 799.
61   On arrival at Madeira, Cook reported the Resolution to "have as many good qualities as can be found in one ship." Post, p. 106.
62   In the General Introduction to his Voyage towards the South Pole p. xxxv, Cook makes special reference to these "watch machines" (chronometers). There were four in all, "three made by Mr. Arnold and one made by Mr. Kendall on Mr. Harrison's principles"--evidently two for each ship.
63   Mr. William Hodges, a landscape painter, engaged by the Admiralty "to make drawings and paintings of such places in the countries we should touch at as might be proper to give a more perfect idea thereof than could be formed from written description only."--(Cook's Voyage towards the South Pole, vol. i, p. 34.) When but in his teens, Hodges became the pupil and assistant of Richard Wilson, R.A. During the years 1766-1772 he exhibited several pictures at the Society of Artists. When Cook was preparing for his second voyage, Hodges, through the interest of Lord Palmerston, obtained the post of draughtsman. The years 1778-84 he spent in India under the patronage of Warren Hastings, being elected an Associate of the Royal Academy on his return, and an Academician in 1789. In 1793 he published an account of his travels in India. A portrait of him, by G. Dance, is preserved in the Royal Academy, and one, by Westall, will be found in the Literary Magazine, 1793. A number of his pictures are still preserved in the Admiralty, and the British and South Kensington Museums.--Dictionary of National Biography, vol. xxvii, p. 61.
64   This letter is not available. It was not necessary for Furneaux to use it.
65   Neither of the enclosures to this letter is available.
66   No date, but evidently shortly after the vessels put to sea.
67   There is no date to this letter; but it is sufficiently indicated by the one which follows.
68   In the General Introduction to his Voyage towards the South Pole (vol. i, p. 32), Cook says:-- "For the inspissated juice of wort and beer we were indebted to Mr. Pelham, Secretary to the Commissioners of the Victualling Office. This gentleman, some years ago," [Cook wrote in 1776] "considered that if the juice of malt, either as beer or wort, was inspissated by evaporation, it was probable this inspissated juice would keep good at sea; and if so a supply of beer might be had at any time by mixing it with water. Mr. Pelham made several experiments, which succeeded so well that the Commissioners caused thirty-one half-barrels of this juice to be prepared, and sent out with our ships for trial--nineteen on board the Resolution, and the remainder on board the Adventure."
69   The "Fortuna" and "Gros Ventre" were commanded by M. de Kerguelen. The land referred to is Kerguelen Island, discovered by Kerguelen in 1772 under circumstances identical with those mentioned by Cook.--{Kerguelen's Voyages, p. 21, and Ross's Voyages to the Southern Seas, vol. i, p. 63.) It was one of the objects of Cook's Third Voyage to locate and examine this land. The following passage from his Secret Instructions of date 6th July, 1776, indicates how little was known at that time of the movements of contemporary navigators:-- "You are, if possible, to leave the Cape of Good Hope by the end of October, or the beginning of November next, and proceed to the southward in search of some islands said to have been lately seen by the French, in the latitude of 48° 0' south, and about the meridian of Mauritius. In case you find those islands, you are to examine them thoroughly for a good harbour, and upon discovering one, make the necessary observations to facilitate finding it again, as a good port in that situation may hereafter prove very useful, although it should afford little or nothing more than shelter, wood, and water." (Vol. i, p. 24.) The island barely afforded even "shelter, wood, and water." Cook's opinion of it can be gathered from the fact that he named it Desolation Island.
70   The Mascarin and the Marquis de Castries, under the command of M. Marion, who after leaving the Cape proceeded to New Zealand, where he was massacred on 8th June, 1772.--Nouveau voyage a la mer du sud, commence sous les ordres de Marion, acheve apres sa mort sous ceux da Chevalier du Clesmeur, Paris, 1783.
71   This native of Otaheite voluntarily embarked with M. de Bougainville when he left that island on 16th April, 1768. His name was Aotourou. Bougainville returned to France in March, 1769; in March of the following year Aotourou was sent to the Isle of France [Mauritius], and M. Marion instructed to convey him to Otaheite. He was, however, seized with small-pox soon after leaving the Isle of France, and was landed at Madagascar, where he died.--" Voyage autour du Monde, Lewis de Bougainville," Nouvelle Biographie Generale, tom, xxxiii, p. 794.
72   Burney, James; son of Charles Burney, musician and author; born 1750, died 1821. He entered the Navy in 1764, served in North American waters and in the Mediterranean; and joined Cook's vessel, the Resolution, as midshipman, in 1772. In 1775 he was in the Cerberus, on the North American station, but was recalled to join Captain Cook on his third and last voyage. Consequent on the death of Captains Cook and Clerke, he was appointed to the senior lieutenancy on the Resolution. He joined Sir Edward Hughes in the Bristol, and served in 1782-3, principally in the East Indies. In 1783 he retired from active service, and devoted himself to literature; his most celebrated works being A Chronological History of the Discoveries in the South Sea and Pacific Ocean, 5 vols, 4to., published in 1817; A Chronological History of North-eastern Voyages of Discovery and of the Early Eastern Navigation of the Russians, 8vo., published in 1819; and An Essay on the Game of Whist, 16mo., published in 1821. He died suddenly of apoplexy on 17 November, 1821.--Dictionary of National Biography, vol. vi, p. 419.
73   This second letter is not amongst the transcripts received from England.
74   The "young man" bred to the sea was no doubt Isaac Smith. See Cook's letters to Stephens, ante, p. 77, and post, p. 118.
75   This was not an idle promise. Six months afterwards we find Cook soliciting the Admiralty to allow him to leave his honourable retirement and take charge of the Resolution and Discovery. --(See his letter of 10th February, 1776, post, p. 122.) The appointment Cook asked for was made on the day (Saturday, 12 August, 1775) he applied for it. He had on the previous Thursday been promoted to the rank of post-captain.
76   No month or year given, but evidently August, 1775. There is nothing to show to whom the letter was addressed; doubtless to the Secretary to the Admiralty (Philip Stephens).
77   This account was published, anonymously, in an octavo form at the end of 1775.
78   The petition bears no date, but is evidently the one to which the letter which follows it has reference.
79   George Jackson, Secretary to the Admiralty.
80   Only eleven marines, including the Serjeant, were on the Discovery. The Resolution's complement of marines consisted of twenty men, including a lieutenant (Mr. Phillips) in charge.
81   The appointment was made on the day on which this letter was written. The matter had previously been arranged by Sir Hugh Palliser, Lord Sandwich, and Mr. Philip Stephens, with whom Cook shortly before had consulted as to the necessan^ equipment of the expedition, and to whom he had expressed his willingness to take the command.--Kippis's Life of Cook, p. 324.
82   John Walker, one of the two Quaker merchant brothers of Whitby, owners of the ship in which Cook served his apprenticeship. The tone of this letter clearly indicates that Cook, his successes notwithstanding, retained both respect and affection for his old master.
83   Evidently to Secretary Stephens.
84   These appointments were both made.
85   Evidently to Secretary Stephens.
86   [no footnote]
87   Evidently to Secretary Stephens.
88   No date, but evidently about March, 1770.
89   Sir John Pringle, President of the Royal Society from 1772 to 1778.
90   Quoted in Pringle's address to the Royal Society, November 30, 1776. --See Cook's Voyage towards the South Pole, vol. ii, pp. 369-396. The letter was published entire in Part 2, vol. lxvi, Philos. Transactions. It was evidently written in the early part of 1776. The Royal Society awarded to Cook, as author of the paper, the Copley gold medal.
91   John Boddington, Under Secretary to his Majesty's Board of Ordnance; on 1st September of the following year he was appointed Secretary.--Annual Register, vol. xx, p. 225.
92   These men probably formed part of the crew of either the Resolution or the Adventure---neither of them was on the Endeavour.
93   These instructions are included here because they have a direct bearing on Captain Cook's Third Voyage. It was intended, when Pickersgill returned "in the fall of the year," to use the information which it was expected he would glean, with reference to Baffin's Bay, in equipping an expedition to explore the eastern shores, while Cook would be exploring the western shores of North America, in the search for a north-west passage; and thus, if possible, to co-operate with him. Pickersgill does not, however, appear to have been as successful as a commander as he was as an officer. He returned within the required time, but appears to have done little or nothing. The command was taken from him and given to Lieutenant Young, with no better results.
94   This letter was evidently written a short time prior to the one which follows it.
95   Sir Fletcher Norton, one of the leading Common Law advocates of the day; engaged by the Crown in the famous prosecution of Wilkes; Speaker of the House of Commons, 1770 to 1781; created Baron Grantley, 1782.
96   The Earl of Sandwich was, at the date of this letter, First Lord of the Admiralty.
97   No date. Cook, in the Resolution, sailed from Plymouth Sound on the 11th July, 1776; the Discovery at that time lying in the Sound waiting for Captain Clerke, who was "detained in London."--(Cook's Voyage to the Pacific Ocean, vol. i, p. 9.) From this it is evident that the above letter was written on the evening of Friday, the 5th July, 1776; the letter which precedes it having been, most likely, written on the morning of the same day, or else on the previous Friday.
98   Evidently to Secretary Stephens.
99   Endorsed in Mr. Banks's handwriting, "Capt. Clerke, May, 1777."
100   Mr. Brandt was a prominent merchant at Cape Town, at whose house it was customary for the officers of British vessels to reside during their stay in port.
101   The vessels sailed on the following morning--the 30th November, 1776.
102   This letter of the 5th November, 1776, is missing.
103   This letter is also missing.
104   Resolution and Discovery.
105   Evidently to Secretary Stephens.
106   The enclosure is not available.
107   This list is not available.

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