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GEOGRAPHY
OF
Australia and New Zealand.
JAMES BONWICK .
AUTHOR OF
"GEOGRAPHY," "GRAMMAR," AND "READER," FOR AUSTRALIAN YOUTH, &C. &c.
THIRD EDITION.
MELBOURNE:
GEORGE ROBERTSON, 85 COLLINS STREET EAST.
1856.
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ERRATA.
Liverpool range to north, not south - - - - 15
Darlington N. not S. of Hunter, in Map
Zamia Creek, not Lamia - - - 51
Eighteen, for Eightpence - - - - 62
May Day Hills, not May - - - - - 91
Cape Otway road, not river - - - - 116
Batman and Fawkner in 1835, not 1836 - - - - - 119
" " " - - - - - - - - - 124
Population 75,000, not 100,000 - - - - 144
Western chain to westward - - - - - 145
Ouse into Derwent, not Clyde. - - - - - 148
Leven, not Severn - - - - - 149
Mouth of Tamar, not South - ... - 151
West of Bruni, not South - - - - - 151
Hythe at Southport, not Swanport - - - - - 154
Sorell, not Lovell - - - - - - 155
Black War in 1830, not 1834 - - - - - 102
Howe and Portland Country, not County - - - - - 108
British in New Zealand 40,000, not 50,000 -- - - - -
NOTICE.
MR. GEORGE ROBERTSON is the sole proprietor of the copyright of this work.
[PREFACE]
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PREFACE.
IN submitting this work to the Public, the Author would crave the indulgence of the critic. Many months of anxious care and research have been employed in a department of literary effort, as little known as it is interesting and practically important. The difficulty of obtaining information relating to these colonies very considerably increased the labour of compilation.
The Australian Colonies are beginning a career of brilliancy and success to which the world has seen no parallel. The writer has endeavoured to furnish intelligence of this wonderful part of the globe, to impart to Australian youth a knowledge of their own home, and, in some humble manner, to open up a new path for the student of history and science.
As an Australian Geographer, the Author has been favoured with many advantages. A resident in three of the colonies for fourteen years, he has had personal observation of localities about which he is writing. He has heretofore published two editions of his "Geography for Australian Youth," and has
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thus had the subject prominently before his mind for ten years. He has had access to public records, and has been highly favoured with special reports from several distinguished District Surveyors, through the kindness of Andrew Clarke, Esq., Surveyor General of Victoria. To that scientific and worthy officer he is under deep obligations, for the sympathy and aid he has afforded in this undertaking. To the members of the Boards of Education, under whose patronage the book is issued, thanks, also, are respectfully tendered.
Conscious of the imperfections of the work, and desirous of making subsequent editions as perfect as possible, the author would urgently request the friends of Colonial instruction to furnish him with information, through the bookseller, especially in reference to new districts and their physical features, A knowledge of the Geology of these settlements is of no small commercial consequence.
In the composition of such a volume as this, for the use of youth, the compiler, as a teacher for the last twenty years, has sought only the employment of conciseness, perspicuity, and simplicity. A mass of facts had to be condensed within a small space.
The maps have been prepared on zinc at much expense, and with suitable regard to accuracy. A larger map of Victoria, including portions of South Australia and New South Wales, is publishing as an accompaniment to the Geography, which will be of service in the school-room, the counting-
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house, and the pack saddle of the traveller. This has been prepared from one executed for the present object, by Mr. Surveyor B. Smyth, through the favour of the Surveyor General; important additions and corrections have been provided by the District Surveyors Messrs. Dawson, Skene, and Scott.
Relying heartily upon support and encouragement from his fellow colonists, this first "Geography of Australia and New Zealand" is respectfully presented by
THE AUTHOR.
Boroondara Boarding School, Victoria,
October 1st, 1855.
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[CONTENTS]
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CONTENTS.
Australia, Description of ...... 1
New South Wales, Description of... ... 5
...... Discovery and History... 22
...... Geology......... 30
North Australia, Description of... ... 39
... ... Discovery... ... ... 45
...... Geology ......... 51
Western Australia, Description of...... 54
... ... Discovery and History... 60
...... Geology......... 63
South Australia, Description of ......... 65
...... Discovery ...... 75
...... History ...... 80
...... Geology ..... 83
Victoria, Description of ...... 89
... Discovery and History ....... 120
.... Geology ........ 131
..... Origin of Gold ......... 142
Tasmania, Description of... ... ... 144
..... Discovery and history ...... 157
..... Geology... ... ... 163
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New Zealand, Description of... 170
...... Natural History of... 178
...... Natives......... 180
...... Climate...... 187
...... Geology ..... 188
Aborigines of Australia ...... 193
Natural History of Australia...... 197
Botany of Australia .......... 201
Climate of Australia......... 206
Appendix ......... 211
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