1849 - Earp, G. B. Hand-book for Intending Emigrants to the Southern Settlements of New Zealand - CHAPTER XV. CANTERBURY, p 234-250

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CHAPTER XV.

CANTERBURY.

THE projected Settlement of Canterbury is yet in embryo, the first step of fixing upon its site having alone been made. Like its predecessor Otago, Canterbury will be a class settlement, for the most part composed of members of the Church of England, who will carry with them, together with our more valued political institutions, the doctrines and discipline of the national Church. With this view, the original plans of the Association have been so framed as to render it difficult to prevent their future development in the manner proposed by the founders of the Settlement.

There can be no question but that the principle of class settlements is a wise one, as tending not only to produce the greatest possible amount of union amongst the first settlers, but as a consequence, the greatest amount of energy in those primary operations which, in a newly formed Colony, must precede profitable action.

There are few connected with the formation of Colonies, but have deplored the heterogeneous mixture which too often composes the first bodies of adventurers. Men of all creeds, religious and political, are there united with men of no creeds nor fixed political views. As a matter of course, each advocates his own system, and decries that of his neighbour, and the first struggle is but too often that of mere ascendancy of opinion, instead of a pull together to overcome physical obstacles. To a bystander this state of things would be simply ridiculous, but to a new Colony it is often mischievous. Men of extreme or eccentric views, and there are not a few of such amongst colonists,--are at home only an unit amongst millions, and are therefore seldom forward in expressing their views, which might chance to be laughed at by their neighbours, but in the outset of a Colony, such men are scarcely an unit amongst twenties; hence the love of notoriety, generally the parent of extreme opinions, is easily gratified, and partisans of that numerous class which never thinks, are easily gained.

There is only one way of counteracting the evil, for an evil it is, as the first attempts at colonization in New Zealand could testify,

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and which, in the disunion of a large portion of the Colonists, is still deeply to he deplored. This evil may be avoided by the union of men on all points agreed as to religious and social polity, and willing implicitly to follow those leaders to whom the maintenance of order and discipline has been committed by common consent. This is the object of the Canterbury Association, an object which has been abundantly ridiculed by the Colonial press, as being calculated to defeat its own objects by the exclusion of many who wish to emigrate, the writers forgetting that this exclusion is the first rule of the Association, which says in effect to such emigrants-- "If you are an infidel, a socialist, or a chartist, you had better not unite with us, as our views are totally different to yours, so that our mode of life will not be agreeable to you, nor can your views find any countenance amongst us. Go elsewhere, and imitate our example in forming a settlement composed of men of your own peculiar views, and we shall be happy to hear of your success, but we do not wish any fellowship with you." There is sound practical wisdom in this which men of right minds will not fail to appreciate. The Dissenter or the Catholic will readily comprehend this wisdom, and will admit that he would be out of place amidst a band of Churchmen, with whom, in a religious point of view, he could not be at one;--and this admission on his part being once made, he will be at no loss in arriving at the conclusion that he would do well to imitate the example set him by forming a community entertaining similar sentiments to his own. His own experience of human nature will long before have demonstrated to him the impossibility of sectarianism living in harmony with its neighbours, whilst there is every probability that the same religious principles, classified by themselves, and out of the reach of polemic dispute, will work in harmony for the common good.

The Canterbury Association has been projected by men whose names rank high amongst the great and learned of the land; this fact alone should have silenced the sneerers at a great and good scheme, were it not that the colonial scribe, listened to solely within his own narrow and isolated sphere, is not, from habit, aware that his opinions, by thinking men at home, are not always implicitly received. He dreads the infusion of what he con-

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tcmptuously terms aristocratic blood into a colony lest his own mental and moral defects may become conspicuous. Nor does he perceive that aristocratic emigration is the surest mode of accomplishing for Colonies that for which all are struggling, viz., self-government. Such Colonists will be listened to and trusted, not from their rank, but from their intelligence and energy of purpose. Mere clamour is not listened to, from its manifest want of intelligence, and colonizing men at home look more to aristocratic emigration for the accomplishment of self-government in Colonies, than to the outcry of colonial writers, whose want of judgment, as evinced in their diatribes, renders both the English people and Government unwilling to commit powers to them which they show themselves so incapable of wielding with discretion.

The following is an outline of the basis upon which the Canterbury Association has been formed:-- Beyond this, and the requisite agreement with the New Zealand Company, little has been done besides despatching a surveyor to examine and report upon the most eligible site for the future settlement. Two sites have been proposed,--the Valley of the Wairarapa, in the North Island, and Port Cooper, in the Middle Island. The former, being an inland locality, is scarcely adapted to a great community, from the want of a port; the latter comprises an excellent harbour, with an unlimited quantity of fine land. From the report recently received from the surveyor of the Association it is almost matter of certainty that the vicinity of Port Cooper will be the locality fixed on.

EXTRACT OF A LETTER FROM HENRY JOHN CRIDLAND, ESQ., SURVEYOR AND LAND AGENT AT WELLINGTON, TO W. H. BURNAND, ESQ., LONDON.

{From the NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL of June 30, 1849.)

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Government of the Settlement, &c.

The colonists will sail from England as far as possible an organized society; and it is the intention of her Majesty's Government to direct that the Settlement of Canterbury may be, if no local obstacles or other unforeseen objections prevent it, constituted a distinct province, with a separate Legislature. If this intention be carried out, they will possess institutions of local self-government to an extent unexampled in the history of new Colonies in modern times, and the enjoyment of this boon, alone, would suffice to stamp the Canterbury Settlement with a peculiar character, and to make it specially attractive in the eyes of all who are acquainted with the evils of the opposite system. Its colonists will possess complete powers of self-taxation of legislation upon all matters which concern themselves alone, and of control over all functionaries engaged in local administration, without any interference on the part of other and differently constituted communities, while it is hoped that the care exercised in selecting those colonists, and their general unity of opinion on topics which form a fertile source of discord at home, will enable them to exercise with peculiar advantage and facility the privileges with which it is hoped that they will be entrusted.

The population will be concentrated not by the cautions against the hostile inroads of a warlike aboriginal population, but by the large sum of money required to be advanced in the purchase of every acre of land.

It will not have the economic gain, with the moral degradation, of a slave population, to develope the riches of the country; but the immigration fund will supply a larger amount of free labour to the capitalist than has hitherto been procurable in recent British settlements.

We proceed to notice the following distinctive features of the proposed settlement, which give it, as is conceived, an additional claim to superiority.

These are--the preliminary trigonometrical survey of the territory to be occupied by the settlement.

The method of free selection of land, by every purchaser of a land order;

The arrangement for the selection of immigrants of the labouring classes;

The preparation of roads, sawn timber, and other conveniences, before the arrival of the first body of colonists;

The pasturage system.

Religious and educational endowments.

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Price of Land.

To secure the advantages proposed by the Association, it will be necessary to demand an outlay of 3l. an acre from purchasers of rural land. This will doubtless appear a large price to those persons who have not made the elements of the value of land the subject of a particular study, but judge principally from the prices at which they hear that land in such countries as Canada and Western Australia may be obtained.

On the other hand it is believed that few, who are qualified to form a correct judgment on this important subject, will deny that land in this settlement will be really cheap to every resident proprietor. Let us analyse his outlay.

In the event of 1,000,000 acres of rural land being sold, which would produce 3,000,000l. this sum will be expended in the following manner.

One-sixth or 10s. per acre will be paid to the New Zealand Company for the land.......£500,000

One-sixth will be appropriated to surveys and other miscellaneous expenses of the Association...........500,000

Two-sixths to immigration..............1,000,000

Two-sixths to ecclesiastical and educational purposes........1,000,000

Total..............£3,000,000

The price of rural land is 10s. per acre, which is not more than will suffice to repay the New Zealand Company the outlay and risk of loss incurred in opening New Zealand to colonisation, in purchasing the land from the natives, and in maintaining the establishment which is necessary in the colony to protect its property and carry on its operations; and in England to represent its interests to the Imperial Government, and to promote its colonization.

Nor is the land dear at this price, considered in itself without reference to the outlay at which it may have been acquired by the New Zealand Company. If reference be made to the extracts given in the preceding pages 6 to establish its fertility and climate; if the cost of conveying its produce to market be considered; and if this land be then compared with land at the same price beyond the Mississippi, or the Lakes in Canada (fertility, position, and climate being the principal elements of the value of wild land, in whatever part of the world it may be), it will appear that

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not even in those parts of the world where it seems to be cheapest, can land having equal quantities of these elements of value, be purchased at so low a price as in New Zealand.

Preliminary Survey and Roads.

A contribution of 10s. per acre will be required from every purchaser of rural land, to form a fund to defray the expense of the preliminary trigonometrical survey of the territory; of the subsequent surveys of each section as it may be selected; of commencing the formation of the principal roads, marked on the general chart; of the few temporary buildings required; of the association in England; and of the necessary staff in the colony.

This forms no part of the price of the land. The purchaser from Government in America, or the other British colonies, neither pays for nor has, any of these advantages. There the Government land is divided, more or less accurately, into sections, according to the regulations as to not only figure, but size, which may from time to time be prescribed by the Government. Every intending purchaser must choose one of the sections, however wide it may be of the particular lot of land which he may wish to obtain. But an accurate preliminary trigonometrical survey of the whole territory, that invaluable guide to the selection of the best lines of road, and the best lots of land, has never been attempted in any new settlement heretofore; although, in such a case, every operation of human industry being yet unattempted, its utility would be very much greater than in an old country, where it reveals so much that has been misdirected and misplaced. Even in Europe, the inhabitants of few territories have the advantage of such a survey as the purchasers in this district will possess. In the British Islands, a similar one is not yet completed.

The gain to the settler in the diminished cost of making the great roads in the best lines, as compared with that of making them in improper lines at first, and afterwards continually altering them, will much more than repay them for the outlay incurred in making this survey. The vast advantage of security and accuracy of boundary, and the facility of the registration and transfer of all landed property, will be clear gain. These advantages will be cheaply purchased by the outlay which this survey will cost.

At no period of a settler's progress are roads so essential to his convenience--almost to his existence--as when he first proceeds to locate himself in the bush. His family, his household goods and agricultural implements, and food, to sustain his establishment until the fruits of their labour shall be sufficient, must all be conveyed to his new abode. The loss of time, labour, and property incurred in this operation, in a new

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country where no roads have been previously formed, will be sufficiently estimated only by those who have had experience in America and Australia. The purchasers of rural land, in the settlement to be formed under the auspices of the Association, will make a contribution accordingly to these expenses. If this money be economically expended, (and effectual precaution to secure economy in this and every other expenditure of the funds contributed by the purchasers of land can and will be taken by the Association,) it may confidently be asserted that a more judicious investment of part of the settler's capital could scarcely be made.

As regards the expenses of the Association in England, and in the settlement, the station and character of its members, and their moral responsibility to the colonists to protect their interests to the utmost, afford, it may be hoped, a sufficient guarantee against any abuses of administration. Moreover, every operation, such as road-making, bridgemaking, and buildings of all sorts, the execution of which can conveniently be submitted to public competition, will be conducted in that manner. The utmost publicity will be courted; the most detailed information of its expenditure will be afforded.

Immigration Fund.

Another contribution which will be required from the purchaser, namely, a sum equal to twice the amount of the land, or 1l. per acre for rural land, to be expended on immigration, may confidently be asserted to be a most advantageous investment of part of his capital; and, at the same time, one which he could not safely make, unless it were compulsory upon the whole body. Indeed, a larger sum than this might advantageously be applied to this purpose, if all other appropriated land in New Zealand had already contributed, or would now contribute in the larger proportion, as will appear from the following consideration.

Supposing that it be considered necessary in order to the most profitable system of tillage, that at least one adult male agricultural labourer should be imported into the settlement for every thirty acres sold; and supposing, moreover, that on the average there be one such adult male labourer in every six individuals among the labouring immigrants of all ages and both sexes;--it will then appear necessary that six such immigrants should be landed for every thirty acres sold. But, as the average cost of passage cannot be reckoned at less than 15l. for each individual, the sale of thirty acres will only furnish the passage-money of two individuals.

The contribution, therefore, to the immigration fund, will certainly be insufficient; but as other owner's of land in New Zealand have not con-

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tributed so much to the labour fund of the Colony, they would reap the advantage of any larger outlay, at the expense of the Association.

It must also be remembered that there is a considerable elasticity in the last of the three elements,--land, labour, and system of agriculture, which have to be adjusted to each other in every agricultural community. In New Zealand, the modification which the system of agriculture is capable of receiving, in order to adjust it to the other two elements, is a great increase in the quantity of grass land. After the land shall have been well cleared, fenced, and cultivated for two or three years, it may be laid down for several years into pasture, to which the soil and climate are so well adapted: and land thus treated, instead of one sheep to four or five acres, which is the common power of unimproved natural pasture in Australia, will maintain about four sheep per acre throughout the year, with no more dread of being overstocked in an arid summer, as in Australia, than in an inclement winter, as in Europe and America; so that, although a larger immigration fund could be advantageously applied if the Association possessed it, and other colonists in New Zealand contributed in like proportion, the immigration fund actually determined on is sufficient to sustain a productive system of rural economy.

Every purchaser will have the right (subject to the veto of the Association) of nominating persons who shall be assisted to emigrate, in proportion to the amount contributed by his own purchase to the general immigration fund; and, if it be found practicable, some contribution towards the expense of his passage and outfit will be required from each immigrant, as well with a view to obtain the greatest number of immigrants for a given expenditure, as to secure a better class of labourers.

Town and suburban lands will be sold at higher prices than rural land: but the funds derived from the sale thereof will be expended for the same purposes, and in the same proportions.

Selection of Colonists.

So far as practicable, measures will be taken to send individuals of every class and profession, in those proportions in which they ought to exist in a prosperous colonial community.

The Association retain, and will carefully exercise, a power of selection among all those who may apply for permission to emigrate to their settlement, either as purchasers, or as emigrants requiring assistance. They will do so with the view of insuring, as far as possible, that none but persons of good character, as well as members of the Church of England, shall form part of the population, at least in its first stage; so that the settlement may begin its existence in a healthy moral atmosphere.

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Mode of selecting Land.

The peculiarity of the method of the selection of land adopted in this settlement, consists in allowing every purchaser of an order for rural land to select the quantity mentioned in his land order, in whatever part of the surveyed territory he may please, assisted by an accurate chart, which will be made as rapidly as circumstances will permit, representing the natural features, the quality of the soil, and the main lines of road.

Certain rules as to position and figure, embodied in the instructions to the surveyor, and framed with a view to prevent individuals from monopolising more than a certain proportion of road or river frontage, must be observed in each selection.

But it is not the intention of the Association to divide the whole of any portion of the territory to be colonised (except the sites of the capital and other towns, and a small quantity of suburban land adjoining each town site) into sections of regular size and figure, which has been the system generally pursued in other Settlements.

Every selection will be effected, by the owner of the land order communicating to the chief surveyor a description of the spot on which he wishes his section to be marked out.

If this selection shall not violate the regulations as to position and figure, and if the area included shall be equal to the amount of land stated in the land order, the section will be immediately marked on the chart, and a surveyor will be sent as soon as possible to mark it on the ground.

A right of priority of selection among the first body of colonists, will be determined in some equitable manner which shall be agreed to by the Association and the purchasers. But, after this first body shall have had an opportunity of selecting their land, every purchaser of a land order will be entitled to select any surveyed land to the amount of his order, which may be unselected at the time of his application.

Allotment of Pastoral Ranges.

The last peculiar feature of the economy of this Settlement which deserves notice, is the system according to which the pasture of such land as may from time to time remain unsold within the limits of the Settlement is to be distributed.

Licenses for the Pasturage of Lands in the Settlement will be granted uder such Regulations as may be prescribed from time to time by the Principal Agent of the Association in New Zealand, or other officer duly authorised in that behalf.

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Ecclesiastical and Educational Endowments.

With reference to the contribution for the establishment and endowment of ecclesiastical and educational institutions, the Association feel that it is unnecessary here to enter into a discussion of the utility of providing a fund for these purposes. The purchasers of land in this Settlement will consist entirely of members of the Church of England; and it is supposed that few of these will question the desirableness of making adequate provision for the building a sufficient number of churches and schools, and maintaining, in its complete form, a branch of the ministry of the church, proportionate to the lay population of the Settlement.

That an excessive provision for this purpose is not made, the following calculation will show:--

Before going into it, the Association wish distinctly to point out--what is applicable, indeed, to the whole subject, but peculiarly so to the present branch of it,--that such anticipations and calculations are at present wholly hypothetical. They are fully aware, that before they could be realised, the approval and sanction of various authorities must be obtained; without which, indeed, even if they could proceed, they would be quite unwilling to do so. But it has been their object in these remarks to hold out to view the idea of a colonial settlement, complete in all its parts; and they feel most strongly that such an idea would fall very short of that description unless it included, and that not as a vague generality, but in that amount of details which is here presented, the element which has just been mentioned.

Assuming, by way of hypothesis, that, out of the territory of one million acres to be allotted to this settlement, two hundred thousand will be sold in the first year or two, and the remainder appropriated to the leasehold pasturages, the Association will have at its disposal two funds, each a little exceeding 200,000l.: one appropriated to immigration purposes, the other to ecclesiastical and educational establishments and endowments.

The former funds, under the system of partial contributions to passages, instead of defraying the whole cost of them, which the Association intends to adopt, will probably enable the Association to forward 15,000 persons to the settlement.

The Association, considering the large surface (nearly equal to that of the county of Norfolk) over which the population will be distributed, calculates that twenty clergymen, and as many schoolmasters, will not be more than are requisite to establish and maintain that high religious and educational character, which the Association hopes, with the Divine blessing, that this Settlement will possess.

Assuming that the churches, parsonage-houses, and schools will be con-

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structed of wood upon foundations of stone carried to a height of three or four feet above the ground, the following will be an approximate estimate of their cost:--

20 Churches at 1,000l. each	£20,000
20 Parsonage-houses and Glebes at 500l. each	10,000
20 Schools at 100l. each	2,000
A College and Chapel	6,000
Residences for a Bishop, the Principal of the College, and an Archdeacon	3,000
Total	£41,000

Deducting this sum from the original fund of 200,000l., 159,000l. will remain. The interest derived from this sum will probably have to defray the following stipends:--

To a Bishop	£1,000
To an Archdeacon	600
20 Clergymen, 200l. each	4,000
20 Schoolmasters, 70l. each	1,400
Total, per annum	£7,000

To carry on our hypothesis, if 80,000l. invested in the British funds, yield three and a half per cent, interest, and 79,000l. invested in Colonial securities, yield six per cent, interest, an annual income of 7,540l. will be derived from the whole.

This excess of estimated income over estimated expenditure, will appear only too small, if the indispensable expenses of management and the possibility of losses be taken into consideration.

A proportionate calculation might be made, on the hypothesis of any greater quantity of land than 200,000 acres being sold, up to that included within the whole territory.

The members of the Association have engaged in their present undertaking in the hope that the knowledge of the principles and practice of colonization, which the history of modern British settlements is calculated to impart, may enable them to secure the proposed Settlement against some of the main evils which have impeded the prosperity of other colonies.

Progress of the Association's proceedings.

In conclusion, it is desirable a short statement should be made of the position in which the Association now stand as regards their resources, and of their intended course of action. They are about to obtain a Charter of Incorporation, and a certain sum of money has been placed at their

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disposal, as an advance repayable out of the funds which will accrue from the sales of lands, when they shall be enabled to offer land for sale, in a specific locality, and to a specific amount. That sum they propose to expend, after providing for the very small necessary expenses of their machinery in this country, in providing the arrangements which will be required to prepare the Settlement for the first body of Colonists. Mr. Thomas, a gentleman who has had great local experience of New Zealand, and who is eminently well qualified in other respects, has been appointed Agent and Chief Surveyor; and sailed for New Zealand in the barque Bernicia, on the 6th of July of this year, together with a Deputy Surveyor and Assistant. His instructions are to select, in concert with the Governor and the Bishop, the best site for the new Settlement, which may be obtainable on his arrival. He has taken out instructions from the Secretary of State to the Governor to extinguish the native title (should any exist) to such site, and to facilitate, by every possible means, his further proceedings. When the site shall have been obtained, he will write word home to that effect. The survey, and other preliminary operations, will be immediately commenced, and during the first year it is calculated that a large proportion of the whole territory will be surveyed, and rendered traversable by the formation of main roads. Mr. Thomas is also empowered to erect such buildings as may appear indispensable to the convenience of the first colonists; in the performance of this task, however, he must be limited, not only by the time, but by the amount of funds at his disposal. It is impossible to state accurately beforehand how much those funds will enable him to do; and, therefore, all that the Association can guarantee is, that they shall be, so far as lies in their, and (as they entirely believe) in Mr. Thomas's, power, expended economically and effectually, in improving the Settlement, and in promoting the interest of the colonists.

41, Charing Cross, 31st May, 1848.

PLAN OF COLONIZATION AGREED UPON BETWEEN THE CANTERBURY ASSOCIATION AND THE NEW ZEALAND COMPANY.

I. The New Zealand Company to reserve as undermentioned, as the Site of the proposed Settlement of Canterbury, a Tract of about One Million (1,000,000) Acres, in such spot as may be selected by the Agent of the Association, in the Southern Province of New Zealand.

II. The said Tract to be so reserved during a period of ten years from the date of receiving intelligence that such Tract, selected as abovemen-

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tioned, is in possession of the Company; provided that within six months from such date land to the value of 300,000l. be sold, and that during each year from the said date there be sold at least one-tenth part of the land remaining unsold at the commencement of that year; failing which, the Company to be released from further reservation of the Tract for the purposes of the Association. If, at the expiration of the first six months, a sufficient quantity of land shall not have been sold to render it, in the opinion of the Association, expedient to proceed in the undertaking, the money which may have been received from intending purchasers shall be returned to them without deduction.

III. The Land, while reserved as abovementioned, to be sold exclusively to the Association or persons recommended by it, or by a Local Committee, mentioned in paragraph XVIII below; the price and the special contributions attached thereto to be paid in full, before the issue of an order for the land.

IV. A General Survey of the Block, showing its natural features;-- such as rivers, lakes, mountains, and whatever else constitutes a permanent natural landmark, distinguishing land clear of timber from forest land, noting the various qualities of the soil, the adaptation of the land to different purposes, the best lines of main road, with other details to be specified in the Chief Surveyor's instructions;--to be commenced as soon as the land is acquired by the Company for the purposes of the Association, and to be carried on as rapidly as possible. A Chart of the surveyed land to be kept in the Land-Office for general reference.

V. A Block of about One Thousand (1,000) Acres to be selected as the site of the Capital. The lines of the principal streets, squares, &c., the sites of all public buildings, parks, &c., required for the convenience of the future inhabitants, to be marked out, and such buildings as may be absolutely necessary for the temporary accommodation of the first Settlers to be erected; the remainder of the Block to be divided into Quarter-Acre Sections, as Town Land.

VI. Adjoining the Site of the Capital, a quantity of Land not exceeding One Thousand (1,000) Acres, to be selected and divided into Ten-Acre Sections, as Suburban Land.

VII. Power to be given to the Agent of the Association (or to the Chief Surveyor for the Settlement) to select Blocks of about Five Hundred (500) Acres each as the Sites of other Towns, and to cause them to be laid out on the principle observed in laying out the Site of the Capital, with similar Reserves of Suburban Land, not exceeding Five Hundred (500) Acres each.

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VIII. The purchase of the surface to include in every case Coal and all other Minerals whatever, granted to the Company by the Crown, and lying underneath the Allotment purchased. But with a view to the general interests of the future population, and to obtaining more ample funds for carrying out the objects of the Association, the Company to have power to reserve from sale any Block or Blocks of land, not exceeding in the whole Five Thousand (5,000) Acres, in which Coal or Metallic Ores shall be ascertained to exist, and which shall not have been appropriated to public or private purposes; such land and Minerals as abovementioned to be afterwards appropriated and dealt with in such manner as the Company and the Association may by mutual agreement determine; in being understood that the sums produced by such land and Minerals are to be applied to the same purposes, and in the same proportion, as the sums paid upon other Lands.

IX. No Order to be issued for a smaller quantity of Rural Land in the Settlement, than Fifty (50) Acres. General regulations to be laid down in the Chief Surveyor's instructions with regard to the figure and position of Sections, to be observed in every selection, whether for purchase or for lease.

X. The Price of Rural Land to be, per acre	£0 10 0
Of each Quarter-acre Section in the Capital	4 3 4
Of each Quarter-acre Section in other Towns	1 13 4
Of each Ten-acre Suburban Section adjoining the Capital	25 0 0
Of each Ten-acre Suburban Section adjoining other Towns	13 6 8

XI. Each purchaser to make the following contributions, in addition to the price of the land for which he may apply, namely,--

1. To the Fund for Ecclesiastical and Educational Purposes, to be vested in the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel (until the Association shall have obtained a Charter of Incorporation), a sum equal to twice the amount of the price of his land.

2. To the Fund for Immigration Purposes, to be vested in the Company (until the Association shall have obtained a Charter of Incorporation), a sum equal to twice the amount of the price of his land.

3. To the Fund for defraying the expenses of the Association in England, of the Survey Department, of Road-making, of Buildings and other necessary objects which may not be properly chargeable to the other Funds, and the expenses incurred by the Company for the special purposes of this Association, to be vested in the Company (until the Association

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shall have obtained a Charter of Incorporation), a sum equal to the amount of the price of his land.

XII. The mode in which the above Trusts shall be from time to time administered to be left wholly to the Association. But till such time as the Association shall obtain a Charter of Incorporation, the said Trusts to be executively carried out by the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel and the Company respectively, in order to relieve the members of the Association from personal responsibility. When the Association shall have obtained a Charter, the whole price of the land sold, with the contributions attached to it, to be paid to, and administered by, the Association, subject to the liabilities which it shall have incurred to the Company, in respect both of repayment of advances and of price of land.

XIII. The priority of choice among the Owners of Land-Orders sold before the expiration of the Six Months mentioned in Paragraph II to be determined in such manner as the Association, after consultation with the Purchasers, shall think fit.

XIV. Until such Owners of Land-Orders shall have exercised their right of selection, a day to be fixed, within a reasonable time after the arrival at the Port of the Settlement of each Vessel chartered either by the Company or by the Association, for receiving Applications for Sections from all Owners of Land-Orders who may have made their selections, according to their respective rights of priority of choice. The Boundary Lines of each Section, so selected, to be marked on the Chart, provided that the general regulations as to figure and position of Sections be observed.

XV. But after opportunity shall have been given to the First Body of Purchasers above described to exercise their right of selection, all Owners of Land-Orders to be permitted to select the quantities of land specified in their Orders, according to priority of application for particular Sections at the Land-Office in the Settlement. Every Section thus selected to be measured off, without any charge to the purchaser, within a reasonable time after its selection.

XVI. The Pasturage of the unsold land within the Settlement to be apportioned (free of any charge, except a fee of 10s. 6d. for the issue of each Pasturage license) among the Purchasers of Rural land; the extent of Pasturage which each purchaser will enjoy, to be in proportion to the extent of his purchased land. The proportionment of Pasturage among the purchasers (according to the foregoing principle) and the mode of using it, to be made by Wardens who shall be elected in each year by the whole body of Purchasers for that purpose.

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XVII. Persons in the Colony, who may he approved of by a Local Committee appointed by the Association, to be permitted to purchase Land in the Settlement, on the same terms as those on which it shall be sold in England.

XVIII. The foregoing plan to be altered in detail (if it be found necessary or expedient) by the Company and the Association concurrently.