Church Missionary Society. Agency of Natives as religious instructors [etc.]
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Australasia.
New Zealand.
CHURCH MISSIONARY SOCIETY.
WE now continue the reports recently received from this very promising Mission, part of which were given in our last Number.
Agency of Natives as Religious Instructors.
The progress of the Mission is strongly marked by Natives being sufficiently advanced to act as Religious Teachers, under the direction and superintendence of the Missionaries, and by the acceptableness of their services to their countrymen. Our friends will therefore read with interest the following passages, descriptive of the efficient agency of Native Teachers.
July 9, 1832 --Yesterday, as soon as I had dined, which is always at a very early hour on Sundays, I set out on my Sunday round. After Divine Service at Mawi, I went back and called on a wounded Chief (by the bursting of a gun). I found him with his head considerably cut, and his left hand much lacerated; but none of his wounds were dangerous. I spoke to him of his very narrow escape from death, told him I considered it a call from God, and requested him to be thoughtful. As some of my former Congregation were present, I spoke also to them of the nature of the delusion under which they were labouring, in suffering themselves to be deprived of the benefit of hearing the Gospel. Oh the depths of the malignity of Satan! These poor creatures have been led to believe that it is our God who is killing them daily; and that I found was the reason why they fled and hid themselves from me on Sundays, when I passed through their former Settlement. When I put the question to them as to the nature of their fears, Ripi, the Mawi Chief, being present, said: "Why, can't you see? Here they are living close by a wood, in order that they may run in and hide themselves when they see you coming toward them." Ripi then addressed himself warmly to them. "I know," he said, "that you are afraid not only of the Missionaries, but also of those Natives who are living with them. You are afraid your potatoes will be eaten by the grub, if you hearken to the Gospel. When you talk among yourselves of the reasons of the failure of your crops, you are all attention; but when the Word of God is preached to you, you pay no attention whatever." He also spoke at some length on the absurdity of the native superstitions.
July 29: Sunday --After I had concluded addressing the people, my young friend Abraham stood up, and spoke a few words: his subject was, the great goodness of God in thus permitting them to hear those gracious truths. He spoke in the first person, and in a very feeling manner.
August 5: Sunday --Ripi and I went out together, on our usual round. At the first village, Ripi asked the people why they had not attended the Chapel in the morning. The Chief told him he had been hindered by some friends, who had called upon him on their way home from the feast. "Ah!" said Ripi, "that has been your feast, has it? merely a little native talk. We have been to a feast of good things. The messengers of God have been sowing the good seed of the Word of God in our hearts; and if you had been there, you might have had a portion also. Why did you suffer yourselves to be hindered by such things?"
[Mr. R. Davis.
Oct. 1 --Our native youths who have been baptized continue to visit the outposts, by which means the seed of eternal life is scattered to a considerable extent around. [Rev. H. Williams.
Oct. 5 --Spoke in the evening to several Baptized Natives: our subject was the 10th of Romans. At the conclusion, they requested me to nominate their Stations for the following Saturday and Sunday. I accordingly appointed them to go in five different directions, to visit the native villages. In this way we shall be enabled, generally, to provide for the regular instruction of those in our neighbourhood. [Rev. W. Williams.
Nov. 4 --When we visit the Natives at their residences, they are anxious for
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Teachers to live amongst them: if they cannot have Europeans, they say, "Let us have Natives who know how to karakia" (preach). [Mr. J. Kemp.
Nov. 28, 1832 --Ripi spoke this morning with Ururoa, who is a relative; and it gave me great delight to hear his boldness and the force of his reasoning. I was much struck with many of his remarks. Speaking of the general motives which influence the native movements, which are, power and reputation, he said, that the name which a Native gains is like the hoar frost, which disappears as soon as the sun shines upon it; but if a man is brave in seeking after the things of Jesus Christ, his name lasts for ever. After speaking a long time, he ran off in a hurry, and returned immediately from the tent with his native book. He then proceeded: "It has been said by the Natives, that the Missionaries bewitch them, and cause them to die. Now, listen to this book." He then read a few of the Scripture sentences at the commencement of the Liturgy. "Now," said he, "what does all this say? Where is there any thing here which can harm the Natives? No; God does not harm you: and all that He wishes is, that you should not harm yourselves; but that you should listen to Him and be saved." He then continued: "Who made this land where we live?" The Natives then gave some evasive answers; but he pushed them hard, repeating his question; when at last he told them it was not Maui, but the God of the Europeans. The Natives, at last, said: "You are right, Ripi: your ideas are correct, but ours are wrong." He also said much about the native food, which they think will not grow unless all their superstitions are observed. This subject he handled in a way which Europeans cannot reach, and therefore with more effect. He concluded by saying: "You do not laugh at what I say to you now; but I suppose, when you are gone, you will say, 'It is all false.'"
Dec. 1 --Panakareau tells us that they have heard a good deal about our message, from Natives who have gone from our residences; and that they have paid attention as far as they have heard. He is at this time sitting in our tent, and we have had a very pleasant conversation with him. A lad of mine has just been in, and given him a very good sermon. I had always thought that this lad, who is remarkably quiet, had not a word to say for himself. But it is a singular fact, that a knowledge of the Gospel sets the tongue at liberty; so that, where there is a sincere belief, out of the abundance of the heart the mouth speaketh. [Rev. W. Williams.
Dec. 3 --We found a good number of people, and addressed them at some length. Porotene (Broughton, formerly Ripi) spoke admirably for some length of time. I was delighted beyond measure at what he said; nor was I less delighted at witnessing the great attention which the Natives paid to his eloquent and faithful speech. [Mr. C. Baker.
Dec. 5 --About 50 Natives were assembled together, and were addressed by Mr. Hamlin. I was unable to leave the tent myself, feeling exceedingly unwell; but I heard Ripi speaking in the course of the evening, with his usual earnestness. He is able to tell them, so much better than we are, the falsehood of their superstitions. It comes home with much force to say, "I have done all these things, and have learnt the evil of them." As we passed up the valley, Ripi pointed out several places, to which he had been, in former times, to fight and pillage. I was much struck to hear a conversation yesterday, in which he was a party. He was speaking of his own case; and said, among other things, "Since I have believed, I never quarrel with my wife, as I used to do." To which a Native replied: "It is because you have only one wife." Ripi answered: "I had three wives, who are now all alive: by one I had seven children, and by another three, who all died some time ago: but when I began to think of the things of God, I thought with myself, If I keep these three wives, I shall always find them a snare to me. I therefore cast off two, and find myself much happier with one."
[Rev. W. Williams.
Dec. 12 --Last month, my son and I went to Tapueta, Takou, and Matauri, and were three days among the Natives, who manifested an anxious desire to hear and to understand the way of salvation. Some of them have Natives living with them, who had lived some time in the other Settlements, and who had taught them the Catechisms by rote. They all appeared very desirous to learn the meaning of what they hear from time to time.
[Mr. J. King.
Dec. 14 --One of our Candidates for Baptism has been inland two or three times lately, at the request of his relations. He gave me to-day a very interesting account of a man who has hitherto been much averse to any thing good.
[Rev. W. Williams
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Jan. 7, 1833 --In company with Mr. Baker, I have visited the Natives at Wangaroa, Matauri, and Takou, on the north coast. We saw at each place a considerable number of Natives. Two of the principal Chiefs expressed a strong desire for Teachers to reside among them: if they could not have Missionaries, they would he glad to have Native Teachers to instruct them. [Mr. J. Kemp.
Jan. 13: Sunday --We had to-day a good illustration of the portion of assistance upon which we may calculate from our Native Teachers. We sent 2 Natives to Tepuke, 2 to Puketona, 2 to Waikari, and 2 to the Kauakaua, while my brother went up to Otuihu.
Jan. 18 --Spoke with our Baptized Natives on the subject of visiting among the native villages. The prospects which open before us very much increase our occupation; so that, from morning till night, we find ourselves in a continual perplexity. We hear, that many of the Chiefs are very angry with some of our Natives, because they tell them that they are likely to go to the fire of brimstone, and that a Native at Kororarika has been beaten by Tareha for repeating a clause in the Catechism to that effect.
[Rev. W. Williams.
Instances of Native Superstitions.
The following' passages illustrate the nature of the prevailing superstitions among the New Zealanders, and the powerful influence which they still exert over their minds.
Jan. 5, 1832 --Tetore, after landing with his party this morning, invoked the god of the winds and waves to be propitious. The ceremony is performed thus:-- A handful of sea-weed which has been cast up by the sea is selected from the beach, and, having been dipped in the sea, is fastened to the limb of a tree, as an offering to their imaginary deity: an incantation is then used by the principal Chief, his party being present. Thus dedicated, they imagine themselves secured from the danger of the winds and seas.
Jan. 7 --We went on shore to breakfast at nine o'clock, as the native superstitions will not allow of their eating or drinking in their canoes. Here was a handsome grove of trees, dedicated to the service of Satan, for the offering of seaweed, &c.
Jan. 26 --We were visited to-day by a canoe, which we had observed the day before fishing under the lee of the island: they appeared suspicious and shy, although Rauroha and Kupenga were on board at the time, who went ashore in the canoe. Rauroha no doubt was glad of the release; for he had suffered much punishment while on board, from one of their deep-rooted superstitions. He had cut and dressed his brother's hair, prior to his coming on board; and therefore dare not go below, lest he should be killed by the Atua. The weather being bad, he was obliged to squat under the long-boat, for three nights, in his mats.
Jan. 27 --Having arrived at the spot from whence Hinaki and his party had been driven, we sat down upon the fern to take some refreshment: we had brought a little biscuit with us, for the Natives in the boats. On requesting one of our native young men to give the Chiefs a little, he replied, "By and bye: stop a little!" Not being satisfied, I turned round to observe if they had any thing of their own to eat. I found they had got a very small piece of beef, which we had pared off and thrown away, lying before them; and our old Chief, Warenui, was in the midst of a karakia, with a short piece of stick in his hand, one end of which was placed on the piece of beef. He continued thus for the space of seven or eight minutes. When he had ended, Kupenga took the stick and piece of beef in like manner, but was a much shorter time in the performance. This we found was to render the place free, as it had been held sacred since the death of Hinaki; and the present trespass would have brought down the vengeance of the Atua upon them, without the observance of this ceremony: they also reserved a part of the food thus made sacred for Rauroha, who was not with us. We reasoned with them on the circumstance, and told them their address was to the god of this world, who had blinded their eyes, &c. Their reply was, that it was the New-Zealand custom.
[Mr. W. Fairburn.
Nov. 28 --Went with the Rev. H. Williams to Kororarika. Tetore, who has just returned from the Southward, was sitting on a bank, relating his exploits to some of his friends. On their right hand were fourteen human heads, stuck on short poles, which the Natives seemed eyeing with almost fiendish exultation in their looks. Tohitapu accompanied us when we went up to the party; and after addressing Tu (one of their gods) in a
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chaunting tone, he threw a piece of stick which he had in his hand toward three heads of their friends, which Tetore had brought from the Southward. The Chiefs stopped their conversation, to see whether the stick, round which he had tied a piece of the korari (the flax-plant), would fall with the knot of korari upward or downward. It was upward, which they took for a good sign in the event of their returning to the Southward, again to give battle to their enemies. Their absurd superstitions often bring painfully before my mind, that they are under a strong delusion that they should believe a lie. [Rev. A. N. Brown.
March 20, 1833 --Yesterday was a day of trial and distress. On Monday evening, a Native came to inform the Natives living with me, that there would be an attack made upon them on Tuesday morning, by a party, on account of a sacred place which they had violated. The boys immediately set to work, and got all their things into my place; and it was well for them that they did, or they would have lost them all. After making inquiry, I found that the Chief who was at the head of the party was Parore, from Kaipara; but hearing that he had some of those Natives with him whom we esteemed as friends, I was in hopes that the matter would have pretty quietly passed over. My boys did not think so, in consequence of the party sleeping close upon us. On Tuesday morning, at peep of day, the attack was made in a very hostile manner. The party found about ten of my people sitting to receive them, without arms or any thing in their hands. They immediately pointed their guns at them, and threatened to shoot them; whereupon some of them ran away; but they were followed and ill-used, two of them very much so. As soon as I arrived, they ceased from ill-using the poor boys, and began to cut and hack their houses, and to take all they could lay their hands upon. I assured the people that I believed the boys were innocent of that particular crime which they had laid to their charge; but that some of their girls and women had been to their sacred place, and had given a payment for the trespass to the person who had claimed it. This they took no notice of, but used the most reviling language toward us and our cause. They accused us of having brought death upon them, and that they were become few in number in consequence of a supernatural power which we possessed of inflicting death upon any one we chose. They also accused us of having written to England, to say that they were not gentlemen, but slaves; --that the reason we wished them to believe was, that we may sell them as slaves, after having got them into our power. These things they had been told, they said, by our own countrymen; and moreover, that our own countrymen had also told them we were only Paraus--which is the most abject appellation that they can make use of. Their threats were of a very horrifying nature; but in this it is our privilege to rejoice that the Lord God omnipotent reigneth. After the talking was a little subsided, I appealed to all present, in the most serious manner, as to the real evil we had ever done them in word or deed; and requested them to point it out to us, in order that we might know in what we had injured them, and so alter our proceedings, and live in peace with each other. They frankly acknowledged that they had nothing to bring against us. As to the imaginary evils, I told them that I was assured, in my own mind, that they did not themselves really believe them to be true; and as to the selling them for slaves, &c, I told them that the Consul, who was daily expected, would set them right on that point when he came. One of the Chiefs said: "You have been in the habit of passing through my place, when you go to Paihia; but see that you do not pass through again! for if you do, I will shoot your horse; and if you send Natives, I will strip them, and send them back again. And I shall serve the Missionaries and Natives of Paihia in the same way." I said: "Well, what evil have I done you, that you should behave in that way?" "Well," said he, "then you shall not go!"
Soon after the party left, Broughton came, with some of his people, to see us, as did also Temorenga, the principal Chief from Taiamai, and stayed with us all day. In the evening, Parore came again, to make peace with me. This I was very glad of, as I should have been very sorry for him to go home without the matter being made up. He told me and the Chiefs present, that he did not wish to come in the manner he did, but that he was led into it by our own neighbours. I said: "Perhaps, after what you have heard, you will not wish for us to visit you again." "Oh," said he, "come, come! my people meet together
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every day for prayer." And after further conversation, we parted very friendly. -- As to their real concern for their sacred place, I firmly believe that they had none at all; but that, having been stirred up by wicked people, they were glad to have an opportunity to pick a quarrel with us. The attack, too, was a very unjust one; as payment had been given by the girls to Parore's family for what they had done; and as for the boys, they had not been near the place. The Natives all know that we do not wish in the least to violate their sacred places, and that it is our wish that the people living with us should not do so either. Many of them acknowledge--even those who are strenuous to preserve them--that they have no belief in their sacred places themselves, and that it is a thing which will soon die, and be lost from among them. However, I would not exonerate the Natives living with us from blame with respect to those sacred places and sacred rites of the New Zealanders; for they not only treat them with indifference, but, in some cases, with that disrespect which ill becomes them. Rut I trust that this occurrence will be a warning and a real benefit to them; as they appear much humbled, from seeing us brought into distress of mind on their account. [Mr. R. Davis.
April 15, 1833 --In going to the Northward the last time, one of our party set the bush on fire, near the burying-place of the Wangaroa Natives. In this Waka Tapu (sacred place) were deposited the bones of a wife and daughter of EO'ngi, together with the bones of some others of consequence. The bones of the whole were consumed by the fire. We were informed of this sad affair as we returned through Wangaroa. Rewarewa, brother-in-law to EO'ngi, met us with his party; but, contrary to our expectations, he received us with kindness, and conducted his party in the most peaceful manner. He seemed persuaded that our party had not set the bush on fire for the purpose of burning their Waka Tapu; but observed, that they must have a payment. Mr. Matthews and I slept at Wangaroa the same evening, without being in any way molested by these Natives. My feelings were much shocked at this unhappy circumstance: it cast a gloom on our journey, and caused us to return with mournful feelings. I advised Rewarewa to come to Kerikeri, and to bring young EO'ngi with him; believing that, by making up the matter with these two Chiefs, the Natives in general would be sooner appeased. The remark that the Natives have generally made is, that if this circumstance had taken place some time ago, there would have been a great disturbance, and perhaps much bloodshed. Again, it has been said, that this party are our friends, and therefore the affair passes over.
Last Monday, Rewarewa, EO'ngi, Papati, and other Chiefs, together with many attendants, came for a payment. They appeared in sight just at sunrise, firing as they came; but a more peaceful visit, under such circumstances, I never saw. Mr. Kemp assisted me in settling the matter with them, and all was peace and order throughout the whole affair. We gave them five blankets, two axes, two hoes, five pounds of tobacco, and some pipes. Thanks be to God, who has given us favour in the eyes of this people! [Mr. C. Baker.
Progress of Agriculture at Waimate.
Our Readers are aware that a leading object in the formation of a Settlement at Waimate was agriculture, with a view to render the Mission independent of New South Wales for its supply of provisions. The following extracts shew the progress of this undertaking, and the difficulties attending it.
Nov. 2, 1832 --The Farming Establishment will, I have no doubt, fully answer the expectations of the Society--make us in a measure independent of the Colony for supplies--as well as he the means of securing, for the rising generation, all the necessaries of life. It has not a little cheered me, as well as reminded me of the land of my fathers, to see the plough at work. It has very much excited the admiration of the Natives, and will doubtless eventually lead them to adopt the same means for cultivating their land. I now see the way opening for establishing our children in this land, and with them, I trust, the blessed Gospel of peace. [Mr. G. Clarke.
Nov. 21 --We are preparing to do what we can in the way of agriculture. To-day I have been striking drills for Indian corn, which grows very well here, and produces the Natives a valuable food: when properly cultivated, it will, I have no doubt, produce abundant crops.
Jan. 7, 1833 --During the last Quarter, my time was principally taken up in
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preparing agricultural implements, in agriculture, and in attending to my Natives employed about different work. We have altogether twelve acres of land in cultivation, which is now cropped with wheat, barley, Indian corn, clover, and potatoes. My Natives have been employed much as heretofore.
March 25, 1833 --Four horses at plough, breaking up land; one employed collecting manure. Natives employed at carpentering, sawing, fencing, taking up potatoe crop, and clearing land for the plough. Besides looking over the men, I have worked in the blacksmith's shop.
April 11 --Worked with the Natives, clearing land: the horses at plough. This farming I find to be very heavy work. In the first place, we have to cut down and clear away the bushes and fern; we have then to grub up the wood roots; to dig up great stones, and remove them out of the way; then the plough follows, breaking up; but the land being literally full of fern root, the plough does not move many yards before it is choked up and obliged to stop, so that we cannot plough but about the third part of an acre a day. Even after it is thus broken up, it requires a deal of harrowing and picking over, and two more ploughings, before it is fit to receive the seed; and, after all, I fear it is not likely to produce us more than fifteen bushels an acre, without manure. The worst of all is the laziness of the Natives employed in the work. I do not give you this account to discourage you, as I am by no means discouraged myself; but merely that you may know the difficulties we labour under, in order to get a little land into a state of tillage, and that you may not expect from us at too early a period any thing like a sufficiency for a supply for the Mission. [Mr. R. Davis.
On this head, Mr. Yate observes:-- The Station at the Waimate has every appearance of answering our warmest expectations; both as it regards the main object, that is, the eternal welfare of the Natives, and the subordinate one of the supply of the Mission with flour and other agricultural produce. [Rev. W. Yate.
Injurious Influence of Europeans.
It is painful to observe in the communications of the Missionaries numerous facts, proving the pernicious influence upon the Natives of too many of our countrymen who visit their shores. The following occurrence, while it evinces this, shews also that the more intelligent among the Natives distinguish between such and the Missionaries.
April 28, 1832 --A Native related to me a conversation which took place a few days ago between Captain ------ and Pomare, the Chief at Otuihu. Pomare formerly received many presents from the Captains, and they used to consider him all in all. The Chief was asked by the Captain what he thought of the Missionaries. "I think," said he, "that what they tell us is for our good, and will be the means of our going to heaven after death; but all that we obtain from you is an incitement to destruction." "Do you believe," said the Captain, "what the Missionaries tell you about heaven and hell? Who has been to either of those places, to give you any information?" "I believe," replied the Chief, "that what the Missionaries say is true, because they endeavour to do us good. You stir us up to fight, and they try to keep us at peace." [Rev. W. Williams.
Arrival of James Busby, Esq. the British Consul.
Our Readers have already been apprised of Mr. Busby's appointment to New Zealand, as British Consul (Vol. for 1832, p. 411). We look forward with sanguine expectations to beneficial consequences to the Natives from Mr. Busby's residence among them as Consular Agent. He arrived in the Bay of Islands on the 5th of May, 1833. His formal entrance on the duties of his office is thus briefly noticed by the Rev. A. N. Brown:--
May 17, 1833 --A party of Chiefs formally met the British Resident to-day, at Paihia; when the King's Letter to them was read and translated, together with Mr. Busby's Address. The Captain and Officers of the "Imogene," most of our Brethren, and the Settlers, were present; and it formed altogether a very interesting sight.
Interest of the Missionaries in their Native Country.
The following brief extracts display, in an affecting manner, the lively interest which these remote Missionaries take in the welfare of their Native Country.
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July 26, 1832 --Preached a Sermon to the Europeans, and one to the Natives, at Kerikeri, this morning. The day has been set apart by us for remembering, before the Throne of Grace, our beloved native Country. [Rev. W. Yate.
We held a Special Prayer Meeting this evening, relative to the unhappy state of England, Rev. W. Williams expounded Daniel ix. 1-19.
[Rev. A. N. Brown.
Thankful Acknowledgment of Providential Mercies.
Our Readers have already been made acquainted with the powerful expedition which proceeded from the Bay of Islands to attack the Tribes to the Southward, and of the efforts of the Missionaries to prevent bloodshed (pp. 283-294). Though these efforts were not altogether successful, the expedition ultimately returned without any severe conflict having taken place. This the Missionaries regarded as so signal a mercy, as to require special acknowledgment.
Aug. 4, 1832 --Some of the Natives have returned from the Southward Expedition. Although they fought much, yet very few of them have been killed; neither were they permitted to destroy their enemies, according to their expectation and wishes. This calls for gratitude on our part to Almighty God, for thus answering the very imperfect prayers of His most unworthy servants. We have set apart next Wednesday as a day of Public Thanksgiving. The Natives seem to have returned very gloomy. They say that it was our God which took away their fighting heart, so that they had no desire thereto: in short, some of them speak surlily, and say that we have bewitched them by our prayers; while a few others attribute their preservation to the mercy of God, and appear thankful that they are safe at home. Their gloominess seems to forebode something. Many, very many, hard things have been said of us; but to the great Disposer of every event we commit our cause. [Mr. R. Davis.
Aug. 8 --A day much to be remembered in the annals of the New Zealand Mission, being set apart by us for a General Thanksgiving on account of the peaceable return of the Ngapuhi. When the Ngapuhi left us for the Southward, they were as blood-thirsty as ever. They were as well supplied with ammunition as on former occasions; their numerical strength was as great as in past days; and there was one occasion, just before their return, when the Pa (fortification) which they went against would have been, it appears, an easy prey for them; as the Natives of the Pa had, for one and another purpose, left it: but, to use the expression of one of the Ngapuhi Chiefs, "they had no heart left." Why was this? They cannot tell. We can; and we look with gratitude to the circumstances as a merciful and signal answer to our prayers. -- Preached at Rangihoua, from 1 Samuel, vii. 12. [Rev. A. N. Brown.
Preached two Sermons to the Europeans, and twice addressed the Natives; the day having been set apart for the purpose of returning thanks to Almighty God for His great mercy in bringing back the Ngapuhi in safety, and without permitting them to effect their evil purposes with respect to the Natives of Tauranga. Our Chapel was full, and all the Chiefs of any note around us attended. I cannot help hoping that God will bless such Services as these, and lead the Natives to think where we put our trust in times of difficulty, and to whom we give the praise in times of rejoicing.
[Rev. W. Yate.
The return of the Natives from their expedition to the Southward, though it was not preceded by the establishment of peace, as we had anticipated, is still an abundant cause for thankfulness; inasmuch as the hand of God was distinctly manifest, and acknowledged, too, by the Natives. They returned without effecting any mischief worthy of notice; and we were glad to be able to set apart a day to record the circumstance. On that occasion the Natives assembled at our Places of Worship; and while many secretly maligned the good cause, and would willingly have set themselves in direct opposition to us, they were constrained to confess that we were right and they were wrong. [Rev. W. Williams.
Propensity of the Natives to make War upon one another.
The termination of the expedition of the Ngapuhi to the Southward, without those disastrous consequences which had been anticipated, has just been mentioned. It is afflicting to find, that no sooner were the Tribes at the Thames freed from the hostile invasion of those from the Bay of
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Islands, than they proceeded to make war upon each other, which terminated in much bloodshed. The Missionary emphatically remarks: "The only remedy for this is the Gospel."
Nov. 2, 1832 --I regret that the Natives at the Southward have not profited by the advantage they gained in the quiet departure of those from the Bay of Islands; out that, as soon as their assailants were gone, they began to quarrel with their immediate neighbours, and have been requited by the loss of many of their people. Indeed, the state of the people at the Southward is truly deplorable. The causes for their quarrels are only increased by their mode of obtaining satisfaction; nor is there any human probability of their ceasing, except, as they often have done. by the extermination of one of the parties. The only remedy for this, as for most evils, is the Gospel; which, so far as it has hitherto been declared, has been the power of God unto salvation. [Rev. W, Williams.
Narrative of Excursions to the Northward.
Two excursions were made to the Northward of the Bay of Islands, partly with a view of imparting religious instruction to the Natives, and partly of ascertaining whether it would be feasible to form a new Settlement in that quarter. The result was extremely satisfactory, both as indicating the disposition of the Natives to listen to the Missionaries, and the facilities afforded for the extension of the Mission. In these narratives, many circumstances are incidentally recorded, illustrative of the state of the country and of the inhabitants.
We commence with extracts from the Rev. W. Williams's Journal:--
Setting out of the Missionary Party.
Nov. 26, 1832 --Previous arrangements having been made for our expedition to the Northward, we set forward at three o'clock. Our party consisted of Messrs. Hamlin, Baker, Puckey, Matthews, and myself. The Natives accompanying us amounted to 36; most of them carrying back-loads of provisions, bedding, and tents, for us and themselves. Broughton was in our number, and also three other Baptized Natives. Expecting to be absent three weeks, we were under the necessity of taking a good supply of provision. Our cavalcade proceeded on till about six o'clock; when we brought up for the night by a stream in the open wilderness, from eight to ten miles distant from any human habitation. Our tents being pitched, and the ground well covered with fern-tops, we took our repast, had prayers with the Natives and among ourselves, and retired to rest upon beds as soft as down.
Proceedings on the Journey.
Nov. 27 --At seven in the morning we proceeded onward to Wangaroa. There was little to interest us on the road, except the recollection of former times. Here and there were traces of European inhabitants who once lived there; such as, poles thrown across the rivulets to serve as bridges, &c. When we arrived in the neighbourhood of the old Wesleyan Settlement, the ravages of war were but too apparent. Portions of very fine land, which were formerly in a good state of cultivation, now lying desolate; while the few scattered inhabitants afforded a melancholy contrast to its former state. I was much gratified to hear a conversation which passed between one of the Chiefs and Broughton Ripi, the Chief of Mawi. Broughton was relating to the other an interview which he had just had with some people in a neighbouring valley; from which I could clearly gather that he does not in the least shrink from declaring to others those good things of which he himself has tasted.
Proceeding a little further, we came to a deserted fortification, the greater part of the fence still remaining. I learn that it had belonged to EO'ngi, and certain Chiefs who lived with him; but who have all been killed within these two years. We at length arrived at Pupuke, the residence of Ururoa, the principal Chief; where we pitched our tent. This Pa, when I came to see EO'ngi, was full of people; but it also presented much of the picture of desolation. I learnt, to-day, that the "Boyd" was cut off, not as has been stated on account of ill-treatment from the Captain to the Chief George, but because that Chief, on his return from Port Jackson, found his parents dead through sickness; which was attributed to the influence of Europeans. After we had taken our repast, Ururoa arrived, and gave me an opportunity of conversing with him upon the blessings of Christianity and the grievous tendency of all their Native proceedings.
Nov. 28 --We now proceeded on our
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our journey, having before us a very remarkable hill, called Taratara, which was recently occupied by Natives, when EO'ngi came to Wangaroa. The road being now unfrequented, is quite tedious to pass over, on account of the brushwood. When we came near Taratara, a Native of mine, who was with EO'ngi's party, gave us an account of the attack which was made upon this Pa, and pointed out the precise spot where the different parties lay. In this direction, all the cultivated land is lying neglected: the former occupants are partly killed, and the remainder dispersed through the different parts of the land.
Our Natives travelled very slowly on account of their loads, so that we did not advance more than fourteen miles to-day. In this distance there was not the least appearance of human residences, until we brought up for the night at Maunganui. The land over which we passed was, generally speaking, the most barren of the barren; but the hills around were nearly covered with Kauri 1 timber, which may hereafter be useful.
Nov. 29, 1832 --After a very sound night's rest, we proceeded toward Oruru, which is a small river, emptying itself into a bay, a few miles to the S. E. of Knuckle Point. After a walk over a most rugged country, we reached the inner part of the valley of Oruru, at about noon. Here we found a small party of Natives, who supplied us with potatoes for dinner. I had a short conversation with them; and Broughton Ripi spoke to them nearly in the language which he used yesterday morning. We then walked down the valley about two miles, through a very fine district for New Zealand, where is a good portion of cultivation, to the residence of Ware, the principal Chief. We expected an invitation here for the night, and hoped to procure another supply of food. Here also we spoke as before; but though some of the people attended to us, the Chief was most indifferent. Ripi is related to him also, and spoke closely in reference to their former wars; but so much unconcern was shewn, that we were glad to pass on. We pushed along about eight miles further; and brought up, at dark, by the side of a river, in a most solitary part of the country, where there is neither cultivation nor the dwelling of man, but the marks of many Pas, which were in occupation in former times. The distance we travelled in the day may be from 16 to 18 miles.
Favourable Reception of the Missionaries among the Natives.
Nov. 30 --We passed a very bad night. The wind blew high, with violent rain, thunder, and lightning; but very little rain came through our tents. We were now altogether in a strange country. I omitted to mention, that at dusk, last evening, a stranger made his appearance from the quarter for which we were proceeding. He happened to be a Ngapuhi, and to know me. He immediately returned to a residence about two miles and a half distant; and in the course of the evening, three youths made their appearance, one of them being the Chief's son, who came to conduct us onward. The place where we slept, and the surrounding valleys, had marks of cultivation; and we found traces of native villages, but no signs of inhabitants at this time. When within a short distance of the residence of our guides, we were beckoned to by the people of the place, in the most civil manner of which Natives are capable. Two Chiefs of the place then made a speech of welcome, which was very quickly followed by a cooked pig, smoking hot out of the oven, with some fish and kumaras (sweet potatoes). This afforded a pleasing contrast to the dull reception we met with at Oruru; and was received by us as an earnest of a good welcome among the Rarawa Tribe, to which these people belonged. I then spoke to the people of the place, and was followed by Ripi. The name of this place is Parapara. Hence we proceeded to Mangatete, under the conduct of some of our new friends. The people of the place at first took us for a hostile party, and thought that the light-coloured clothes which we wore were blankets; but before they beat to arms, they perceived their mistake. Here our Natives again took food, being always ready to eat. This party had never had any connexion with Missionaries; but had some confused idea about the Lord's Day. They heard us with great attention.
After about two hours' walk from Mangatete, we reached Wakarake, which is situated on the southern side of Sandy Bay. A river, navigable for some distance, runs up toward the principal village of this Tribe, which is on the western coast. This river we purpose to explore to-morrow. The Chief, Panakareau,
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is one of the principal men of his Tribe; so that we hope, from him, to be able to ascertain the prospect there may be of the practicability of forming a Station in this quarter. It is needful, however, to observe the utmost caution in our communications on this subject; as we do not feel ourselves at liberty to make any promise, and must therefore raise no expectations. At the present period there is evidently an opening for Missionary usefulness, in various parts of the land; and as this Tribe is unacquainted with us, and we with it, much will depend upon the reception we meet with from the people generally. I have already had a little conversation with Panakareau, upon the general subjects of our message; in the course of which he expressed a wish to have Missionaries, saying, "that the Ngapuhi alone have had Missionaries hitherto; and that if the Rarawa are instructed, they will give up their present mode of life." We have given him, as yet, no reason to suppose what our object is; but, from this Chief's manner toward us, we think that the hand of our God is with us, and we have reason to hope that He will prosper us in our journey. Every attention has been paid to our wants, and a good supply of potatoes has just been taken up before they are ripe.
Exploratory Excursion with the Chief Panakareau.
Dec. 1, 1832 --We have had another very bad night, with much wind and rain, which came partially through the tent. We requested our host, Panakareau, to conduct us to the places in his neighbourhood where there are inhabitants; as we have concluded to stay over Sunday at this place. He very willingly came forward; and led us to a hill, whence we had a view of all the surrounding country. The general features of the district, over which we have passed hitherto, agree with those of the parts in the neighbourhood of the Bay of Islands. The substratum is whinstone; upon which is found a stratum of clay, with a very thin coat of vegetable mould, affording a most scanty support to the thin vegetation which is found upon it. We are now travelling over sandstone, which is equally barren. From the eminence which I have just mentioned, we obtained a view of an extensive plain, lying at the bottom of Sandy Bay: it is called Rangaunu; or rather, the river which empties itself at this place bears that name. Vessels of 200 tons' burden have entered the mouth of the river; but the navigation is extremely difficult, from the many sandbanks. On the opposite side is the hill Houhora, called, in the map, Mount Camel, where about 200 Natives are residing. The plain is swampy; and contains a large quantity of the Flax-plant, which has called the attention of Europeans to this quarter for three or four years past. The largest body of Natives live at Waro, on the western coast, which lies at the further extremity of this plain; the island here being not more than twelve miles across in a direct line, while the extreme length of the swamp, which lies transversely, is not less than twenty miles, and its breadth from six to ten miles. The river Rangaunu, we are told, is navigable for boats--I imagine, for about half the length of this plain. At the spot where the Natives' canoes land, is an extensive wood, which contains, by native account, much useful timber. I imagine that at this point will be found the most advantageous situation for a Missionary Station. We learn that the number of Natives belonging to this Tribe are very nearly equal to the whole population of the Bay of Islands which is divided among our four Stations. We have not yet said a word, to give an idea of a Missionary Settlement in this neighbourhood; but we have had several hints thrown out by the Natives.
Observance of the Lord's Day.
Dec. 2: Sunday-- After another boisterous night, with the prospect of bad weather, we were glad to find the clouds clear off again. Our flag was hoisted at an early hour; and thus, in a visible manner, the banner of the Cross being erected, possession was taken of this place in the name of Christ. Between eight and nine o'clock our bell rang for prayers, when from 20 to 30 Natives came to our tent, in addition to our lads. I then read the Prayers of our Church in the Native Language, together with the Lessons; and Mr. Hamlin addressed them. The strangers were all attentive, and I never enjoyed a Service more in my life. Panakareau keeps very close to us, and seems to have a desire to say something to us. As soon as we had taken a little refreshment, we set out with Ripi for Kaitaia, an inland settlement belonging to Panakareau. One of our baptized lads went to Mangatete, through which we passed on Friday; and two others went onward to a village at a little distance to the
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northward, and, on their return, gave a very good account of their reception. We ourselves had a walk of about seven miles, which we considered to be about half-way to Waro. We found but few Natives, the greater number being further up the valley; but those we met with were attentive to what we had to say.
There is one point which is very worthy of remark, that wherever we go we find a general idea of our object to prevail. They well know the difference between us and the Europeans living on shore who are connected with the Flax-trade. There is, further, a general idea of the Lord's Day, which they all profess to keep. Now, whether they observe it or not, their profession at least shews a good feeling toward our general object. At this place they mention a large party living at Wangape, which is on the coast, thirty miles north of E'O'keanga, who generally observe the Lord's Day; and who, whenever they go a journey, always offer up a prayer to our God. These particulars would not be worthy of notice, except that we know that no Missionary has had any direct intercourse with this people: and that all the light they have derived has been gained by Natives, who have had only a moderate intercourse with us. So sure is it, that a little leaven, leaveneth the whole lump. Nor is the case of this Tribe a solitary instance of the fields being white already to harvest. We have had, at different times, pressing invitations from the Natives of Rotorua, of Tauranga, of the River Thames, and from other places.
In the course of our walk, Panakareau was very inquisitive, to know what were our ideas of the place, and whether this was to be the only visit they were to receive from us. As we did not give him a direct answer, he at length observed, that he was anxious to have a Missionary; and pointed out a wood of good timber, which he set apart some time since for the use of Missionaries, in the hope that sooner or later he should have one. Panakareau came to the tent after Evening Prayers, and was soon after followed by his wife. She is a fine, intelligent woman, and seems to take a lively interest in us.
We had further conversation with Panakareau; and told him, that perhaps, if the other parts of the Tribe are desirous for Missionaries, a Settlement may be formed. His countenance immediately brightened up, and he said, that he knew they would all desire to have Missionaries. We held our English Service, among ourselves.
Discouragements from difficult Travelling.
Dec. 3, 1832 --We purposed this morning to set out on our journey to Waro, whither Panakareau had promised to accompany us. He wished us to take the road to Kaitaia, which is tolerably good; but we pressed him to go another way, in order that we might ascertain the state of the river which I have already mentioned, the course of which lies very near to the Waro Settlement. He told us that the road was very bad; but it was necessary for us to gain our information. We had scarcely left our encampment, when we entered upon a swamp, in which we walked a full mile up to our knees. We soon arrived at an extensive cultivation, which lies in the middle of this large plain. Here we assembled the Natives, to the number of about 100; and Ripi and myself spoke to them. They were very attentive, particularly to what Ripi said, who has a very happy way of addressing them. The people seemed to think we have an idea of forming a Station; and said, that some of their children should come and live with us. Before we left, the old Chief, a venerable man of about seventy years of age, brought out about eight or nine bushels of kumaras, for our party. We were in hopes of finding a suitable situation for a Station at a little distance from this place, from whence the people of Waro would be accessible.
We proceeded onward tolerably well for a short time; and brought up by the side of a wood, to cook our dinner. The river at this place is forty feet broad, and more than six feet deep; and the Natives tell us that it is the same for the distance of some miles further up. Our number was by this time increased to seventy-six. The wood, by the side of which we dined, contains a large quantity of good timber; but the land is too low for a Settlement: I should be fearful that the Missionaries would never be free from ague. As soon as we had left the wood, we made a direct course for the western coast, but over such a road as I have never yet travelled: it lay through a continued swamp, for some miles. Most of our party were completely cast down by the forbidding appearance of the country, and I was apprehensive that all idea of coming here was likely to be given up.
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It still occurred to me, that there was a very probable site, which we had still to explore, which was likely to answer our purposes; and it struck me, that any inconveniences within moderation ought to be put up with, while so many advantages seemed to present themselves. After a farther conversation with Panakareau, our minds were all much relieved; as it seemed likely that the river running from Kaitaia, and which is now blocked up with timber, can be cleared, so as to render it navigable up to a finer part of the country.
At length we opened upon the Western Ocean; which at this time presented a grand sight, as a strong wind was blowing on to the shore. Our road hence lay along the beach about six miles; in the course of which we passed the wreck of a small vessel, which was cast away about a month ago. This makes the sixth vessel which has been wrecked on the coast to the northward of E'O'keanga. The hills on the coast consist of sandstone, the surface of which has mouldered into a loose sand, and flies about in all directions, giving the country a most barren appearance. Further on we found a stratum of bitumen or peat-coal, upon the sandstone, immediately under the vegetable soil. We were not able to reach the village of Waro this evening; and pitching our tents in a place where there was not a tree to be found for firewood, we had much difficulty in procuring fire sufficient for our kettle.
Arrival at Waro, and Reception there.
Dec. 4, 1832 --We passed a very rough night, with wind and rain; but the morning was fine and pleasant. We were now in expectation of soon meeting the people of the place; and as it is customary to have a sort of sham-fight on these occasions, all arrangements were made by our party, beforehand. They settled, however, that, as our number was much the smallest, they would not come to close quarters with the other party. After little more than an hour's walk, we came in sight of the village: it lies at the foot of the range of hills, in a beautiful situation, with abundance of land for cultivation. We did not find so many Natives as 1 had expected, and many must have been absent: the men did not exceed 300. After the respective parties had had their dance, I went forward, and told the people the object of our visit; and was followed by Mr. Hamlin and Mr. Puckey; and then Ripi and one of my boys spoke. The people were remarkably attentive; and though the time was long, they seemed urgent for us to continue speaking. When we told them we had done, the people still remained; and some of the principal men came round, and asked many questions relative to the subject before us. This is a fine party of Natives; and could the sight be witnessed by our friends, they would have been gratified in a high degree--300 men, with their muskets in their hands, sitting on the ground; together, with women and children, making a party of about 500; and every eye turned on the speaker, with more attention than is generally to be found in an English Congregation!
In a little time, about twelve bushels of potatoes were brought out for us; and we were pressed by the people to stay over the night, in order that they might hear more about our karakia (preaching). I had a good deal of conversation with the people after this, when they seemed to take as lively an interest as it was possible in all we had to say. They said, it would be very good to attend to all we recommended to them; but that they should like to have a Missionary, in order that they might be instructed frequently. I spoke of the difficulty of the situation, as ships cannot approach this side in safety; and proposed, that if a Missionary should come at a future time, he should live at Kaitaia, where he would be accessible to all. They seemed pleased with the proposal; and I told them, that if a European should not come, we would supply them with Native Teachers, which we shall, at all events, have in our power. It is remarkable how willing they are to listen, even to a boy who is able to tell them any thing about our Religion. We learnt that a person has been here several times to talk to them, and that he lived a short time at the Waimate. It is to be observed, however, that Satan has been very busy, in infusing many strange ideas into their heads; such as, that it is wicked to kill a fly when he is biting you, or to kick a dog when he flies at you. Ripi, in noticing these things, said, "They will soon tell us that we are to eat no food, and that our lips are to be sewn up." The principal Chief of the place asked me to go up to one of their houses, and talk with them: he said, "You must talk all day and all night, and then you may go in the morning." They seem to be truly desirous
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of having some of us among them; and when we see such a desire, coupled with the fact, that there are more Natives within reach of one district here than are to be found in any two of our present Stations, I sincerely hope that the way will be made plain. In the afternoon, the place had the appearance of a fair in miniature. Abundance of food was spread about, to the great satisfaction of our lads; while most of them were endeavouring to purchase mats, &c, with hardware articles which they had received from us as payment for their work. After this was over, we set our boys to work, at repeating the Catechisms, in order that the strangers might hear the valuable matter contained in them. In the evening, I addressed a large party, who seemed still desirous of hearing more.
Proceedings at Kaitaia - Panakareau eager for Missionaries.
Dec. 5, 1832 --Temorenga, one of the principal Chiefs, who was absent yesterday, came to our tent this morning; when we had further conversation upon the subject of a Missionary Station. He seems to be as desirous as the rest of the people of this place. He says, that if Missionaries come to live at Kaitaia, they will move from their present abode, and go and live there. At nine o'clock we left the place for Kaitaia, after Mr. Baker had once more spoken to the people. We were glad to find the road very much better than the one by which we approached Waro; and that, though there are some bad places, a good horse-road can be made, which will bring the two places within seven miles' distance. Approaching Kaitaia in this direction, we found that the good land is very much more extensive than we had imagined; and from the hill above it, Panakareau pointed out a situation, which seems calculated, in every respect, to answer our purpose. Passing over this ground, we found it much to exceed our expectations; so that all the forebodings, which had been felt before, were now removed. The ground is abundant for all purposes contemplated by the Society--of a very rich quality, far surpassing that at the Waimate. The river runs through it; which Panakareau promises shall be cleared, as soon as he hears that any body is likely to come. He talks of setting 100 men to work at a time. Immediately behind this ground is a wood, which will afford an abundant supply of timber for all general purposes; from which one of the branches of the river runs. There is also a good supply of timber for fencing and firewood, and a very good site for the erection of buildings. We felt it necessary, however, again to tell Panakareau that we cannot make any promises that Missionaries shall come; and that they must not consider that we break our word, if nobody comes to the place. Here we dined; and then proceeded up the valley, to the residence of Panakareau's father. The valley is very extensive, and capable of maintaining a very large population. We proceeded about eight miles up, and then brought up for the night.
Departure from Kaitaia.
Dec. 6 --This morning, at nine o'clock, after having had further conversation with the people of the place, we took our leave of Panakareau, after he had first provided us with a good supply of food for our journey. We continued our course up the valley of Kaitaia, for several miles; making the whole length of it, according to our nearest calculation, about twelve miles. We at length entered a wood, where the road was exceedingly bad; and we had to cross the river, in the course of it, forty-one times. After passing a high ridge of hills, we descended to the source of a branch of the E'O'keanga river, named Mangamuka. Our tent is now pitched in a most romantic situation, in the midst of a forest, at the conflux of two large rivulets, whose purling streams are beautifully shaded by an endless variety of trees; whilst the indistinct light of the moon, shining through the dense shade, greatly heightens the picture.
Dec. 7 --We left our quarters a little after six o'clock, and continued our course along the stream by which we slept: after crossing it a few times, our road lay in the channel of the river, for the space of three miles. The romantic scenery of this part of our journey made up for the inconvenience of wading through the stream. In the bed of the river we met with several blocks of jasper, of a beautiful red colour. At length we reached the Native Settlement of Hunuhunua, near which EO'ngi received his fatal wound.
Thus terminated this interesting visit of the Missionaries to these poor savages.
Mr. Baker makes the following remark on this excursion:--
Jan. 29, 1833 --We were treated with much respect, and our message was re-
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ceived with apparent eagerness. Without any suggestion on our part, the Natives strongly pressed us to go and live among them; saying, that it is in vain for us to expect any alteration in their character and manner, until they have Teachers living among them. This is the mournful language of the Natives; and though many of them use these arguments without really valuing our labours, yet such is the truth of the case, that they never will turn from their evil ways until the Gospel be preached amongst them.
Further Particulars of the Journey.
We select a few passages from Mr. Baker's Journal, in further illustration of the state of the Natives in this part of the island:--
Nov. 28, 1832 --Left Tepuke at half-past 8 a. m. The former part of our journey to-day, we had to pass through a swamp half-a-mile in length. We passed the very romantic Pa of the Ao Pouri, the place whence this Tribe was driven at the time EO'ngi received the wound of which he died. Broughton gave us an interesting account of this affair, together with many particulars concerning the Ao Pouri and the Ngapuhi Tribes.
Dec. 2 --We had Native Service at nine o'clock a. m. A good number of the Rarawa were present, besides our own Natives. It was a most gratifying circumstance to see how well every Native behaved; particularly so, when we recollect that this is the first time that this people have heard the Gospel as they heard it this day.
Dec. 4 --The people of Waro having heard that we were at hand, sent a messenger early this morning. We set off, in regular military order, our party consisting of many belonging to Panakareau. They received us with much respect-- more I never saw paid to any of us. About 300 armed men formed a circle; when we addressed them, at considerable length, on the all-important truths of the Gospel: there was most profound attention paid to the word spoken. There were a number of old venerable-looking Chiefs among this party, who seemed quite struck with the new subject.
The principal Chiefs assembled, to have some talk with us; and pressed very much to have Missionaries. They pleaded very powerfully, and I have no doubt that they sincerely wish to have Missionaries living amongst them. This was really an interesting day to us, and the pleasure we feel from the circumstances of it amply pay us for our laborious journey. The Natives were again addressed in the evening, when many were present. Perhaps the total number present to-day was from 500 to 600.
Dec. 6 --There are several Native Settlements in and about Kaitaia, which might be visited with facility from the place where the Station would be; and Waro might be attended to every Sunday, as well as on other days. Schools might be established at Waro, where one or two Christian Natives might live; and being frequently visited by us, would be likely to do well. I should not omit remarking, that there is a place called Wangape, where many of the Rarawa are living.
Particulars of Visits to the Southward.
Tetore, a Chief of the Ngapuhi, having again proceeded on an expedition to the Southward, the Missionaries went thither, in their former character of peace-makers. With this visit, observations relative to the establishment of a Missionary Station in this quarter were connected.
-- Rev. H Williams and Mr. Chapman.
Mr. H. Williams writes, under date of April 16, 1833:--
After the return of the Ngapuhi last year from their expedition to the Southward, Tetore appeared determined to carry on the war; though to us he expressed himself very desirous for peace. He returned to the Bay in November; and in a short time went down again to the Southward, carrying with him a party from the North Cape.
We felt that it would be desirable to visit the parties; therefore Mr. Chapman and myself set out in two boats in February; and after some delay, waiting for the advance of the main body, we arrived in three weeks at Maketu. Every thing appeared in fair train for peace, until the arrival of the Natives from the Northward, who seemed determined to engage in hostilities. Several fell.
They still continued indisposed to listen to our remonstrances. We therefore left them; and, on our return, called in at the Thames. We did not remain long here, but saw some of the principal Chiefs. They had been in expectation of a visit from us for several months, and were highly delighted when we made our
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appearance among them. During the whole of our sojourn with these Natives, at the places where we stopt, we could not but mourn the sad and degraded condition of all; and the country bore evident marks of the desolating effects of war. No inhabitant was to be seen through the whole line of coast to Tauranga; multitudes having been killed, and the survivors driven backward. The situation of Tauranga is due south, by compass, of Mayor Island; Maketu about 25 miles further to the eastward; and Rotorua 25 miles S. W. of Maketu.
--Mr. Shepherd and Mr. Fairburn.
From Mr. Fairburn's journal of a visit to the same quarter, at a later period, we make the following extracts.
March 21, 1833 --Started from Tepuna in our whale-boat, with Mr. Shepherd in company, in order to proceed to the Thames; as the Natives of that place are very desirous that a Mission should be established among them: it was therefore concluded by the Committee, that a visit to them would be very desirable, in order to converse with them on the subject; as well as to encourage their ideas, preparatory to suitable arrangements being made for two or more persons to reside amongst them.
April 4 --Arrived within three miles of Wakatiwai. Although it was dusk when we arrived, we were soon surrounded by a number of interesting and intelligent Natives, who seemed much interested in the nature of our visit; the different Chiefs pressing us to stay with them, saying, "This land is yours: come and live here!" The future prospect of Christianity being diffused amongst them, and that shortly, was most cheering to my mind.
April 5 --Arrived at Turua, a native fortification, thirty-five miles from Wakatiwai, in the Thames; --the Natives quite upon the alert, as to the object of our visit, and solicitous that we should remain with them, and make choice of any portion of land we chose: the land here is good, in great abundance, and fit for the plough: the Natives also are numerous.
April 6 --Proceeded, early this morning, further up the river; and arrived opposite Te Kari Pa, at dusk, in the evening; where the Natives received us with their usual kindness, and the object of our visit was re-echoed from one to another, all through the Settlement.
April 8 -- Went several miles further up the river. Stopped at a small Native Settlement; had breakfast; and returned with a strong ebb tide. Called at Turua on our way: Urumihia made me a present of a pig and some potatoes. She formerly lived in the Bay of Islands; but is one of the principal persons of this Pa. She showed me a large house, which she said was built for me; as Mr. Williams and myself had requested her to build one when at Paihia: and she wished to know when I was likely to come. A multitude of other questions were put by many Chiefs, to very few of which I was able to give a definite answer. We then passed on, further down the river, to Kauwairangi, a place held by a Chief named Korita, who has also offered a fine piece of land for a Station: his tribe is numerous, and I think I saw the finest number of Natives at his place that I have seen any where in the Thames. We then re-crossed the Thames, and arrived at Pa Karaka at 10 P.M.
April 9 --I paid a visit to Rouroha: he was very kind, and made me a present of six baskets of potatoes; and wished me to have a pig, which 1 could not take. He then gave his only son into my charge, to take with me in the boat to the Bay; after which we bade each other adieu. A near relative of his accompanied us in a large canoe, in order to go to Mokoia, to examine it and other places as to their eligibility for Missionary Stations.
April 11 --We examined the situation of this place this morning, and found a considerable extent of valuable land; but do not think, in a Missionary point of view, it is so eligible as the neighbourhood of Wakatiwai. Erua told us to mark off as much of the land as we wished for, as there was so great an abundance. After some further conversation explanatory of our motives and views &c, and repeated entreaties on his part for Missionaries to go soon, we parted, each to return to our homes.
In a Letter under date of May the 31st, Mr. Fairburn thus refers to the subject:--
You will perceive, by the short journal which I have written, that I have been once more to the Southward, in our boat: the result of which gives every satisfaction, I am happy to say, both to those who have seen, and to those who have heard of it; so much so, that our
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Committee in New Zealand have come to the conclusion to form at once, with permission from the Society, a new Station at the River Thames; a place at once so eligible in itself; the Natives so numerous; the navigation so easy up the Thames, leading as far as Wakaito, the heart of New Zealand; with not only the willingness, but the entreaties, of the Natives themselves to have Missionaries among them. They wish to be taught; they are tired of their wars: and although their views may and do indeed proceed from selfish motives, yet let the Gospel but once take root among them, and will not that spirit be subdued? I believe, that if a Station be fixed there, it will be the means, under Providence, of preventing a great deal of war and bloodshed. Each fortification is sitting in fear of its neighbour; and on the slightest irruption on either part, the word is immediately "To arms!" and when they once begin, they seldom know where to stop.
